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1.
Rev. nefrol. diál. traspl ; 43(1): 3-3, mar. 2023.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1515448

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: High uric acid levels are commonly encountered in kidney transplant recipients, and can be associated with allograft dysfunction. Our study aims to examine the relationship between UA levels and graft function in patients discontinuing steroids. Methods: In this single-center-retrospective study, 56 patients discontinued steroid therapy from among 678 RT patients transplanted from living donors between 1999-2020 were included. The mean age of the study group was 45.8±8.8 years. Causes of steroid discontinuation, creatinine levels concurrent with uric acid levels before and after steroid discontinuation (mean 3.9 ± 2.1 years), acute rejection numbers, demographics, durations of dialysis and transplantation, medications, laboratory data, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatch numbers, blood-pressure (BP), body mass index, delayed acute rejection (DAR) numbers (3 months post-transplantation) were all recorded. Results: Creatinine and uric acid levels were seen to have increased after steroid discontinuation, there was a significant relationship between them (p<0.001). Statistically significant correlation was found between increased creatinine levels after steroid discontinuation and graft survival with higher HLA mismatch; 39 (69.6%) patients with mismatch ≥2, and 17 patients with mismatch <2 (30.4%) (p=0.049) . No significant relationship was found between DAR numbers before and after steroid discontinuation, and creatinine levels after steroid discontinuation. Conclusion: Per model obtained as a result of multivariate linear analysis, hyperuricemia and HLA mismatch numbers (p= 0.048 and p= 0.044, respectively) are independent predictive factors for graft dysfunction in patients discontinuing steroids. Accordingly, negative effects of modeling should be kept in mind for long-term graft survival in patients who plan to continue with steroid-sparing regimens.


RESUMEN Introducción: Con frecuencia se registran niveles elevados de ácido úrico en receptores de trasplantes renales que pueden estar asociados a disfunción de aloinjerto. El presente estudio tiene por objeto examinar la relación entre los niveles de AU y la función del injerto en pacientes que interrumpieron la terapia con esteroides. Métodos: En este estudio retrospectivo en un solo centro participaron 56 pacientes con interrupción de la terapia con esteroides de un total de 678 pacientes con TR receptores de trasplante de donantes vivos en el período 1999-2020. La edad promedio de la población de estudio fue de 45,8 ± 8,8 años. En el estudio se registraron causas de la interrupción de la terapia con esteroides, niveles de creatinina concurrentes con niveles de ácido úrico antes y después de la interrupción de la terapia con esteroides (promedio de 3,9 ± 2,1 años), números de rechazo agudo, datos demográficos, duraciones del período de diálisis y trasplante, medicación (uso de inmunosupresores, antihipertensivos), datos de laboratorio, números de desajuste del antígeno leucocitario humano (HLA), presión arterial (PA), índice de masa corporal, números de rechazo agudo retardado (DAR) (3 meses después del trasplante). Resultados: Se observó que los niveles de creatinina y ácido úrico aumentaron tras interrumpir la administración de esteroides, con una relación significativa entre ambos (p<0,001). Se identificó una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre el aumento en los niveles de creatinina tras la interrupción de la terapia de esteroides y la supervivencia del injerto con un mayor desajuste de HLA: 39 pacientes (el 69,6%) con desajuste ≥2 y 17 (el 30,4%) pacientes con desajuste <2 (p=0,049). No se encontró una relación significativa entre el número de DAR antes y después de la interrupción del tratamiento con esteroides, así como en los niveles de creatinina tras la interrupción de la terapia con esteroides. Conclusión: De acuerdo con el modelo obtenido como resultado del análisis lineal multivariable, la hiperuricemia y los números de desajuste de HLA (p=0,048 y p=0,044, respectivamente) constituyen factores predictivos independientes para la disfunción del injerto en pacientes que interrumpen la terapia con esteroides. En consecuencia, se deben tener en cuenta los efectos negativos del modelado para la supervivencia del injerto a largo plazo en pacientes que planean proseguir con regímenes con reducción de la administración esteroides.

2.
Cir. pediátr ; 35(2): 1-5, Abril, 2022. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-203579

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El riñón de Page (RP) es una enfermedad rara provocada por compresión parenquimatosa debido a un hematoma subcapsular. El injerto puede sufrir daños irreversibles si la enfermedad no se reconoce y se trata de forma adecuada.Caso clínico: Describimos el caso de un varón de 16 años con fallo renal crónico secundario a síndrome nefrótico corticorresistente (SNCR) provocado por mutaciones del gen NPHS2. El paciente se somete a un quinto TR de donante vivo. El injerto se coloca en posición intraperitoneal, con una adecuada reperfusión, sin complicaciones. Alcuarto día postoperatorio, sus análisis revelan una subida de la creatininaasociada a hipertensión refractaria, hematuria macroscópica y anemia.La ecografía de urgencia revela hematoma subcapsular con signos de compresión parenquimatosa. Se sospecha RP y se decide intervenciónquirúrgica de urgencia. Comentarios: El RP es una complicación rara y urgente, aunque a su vez tratable y reversible, tras TR pediátrico. El diagnóstico precoz basado en la sospecha clínica y las imágenes son claves a la hora de conseguir un resultado favorable.


Introduction: Page kidney (PK) is a rare condition caused by parenchymal compression due to a subcapsular hematoma. Irreversible damage of the graft may occur if this condition is not recognized and treated properly.Clinical case: We describe the case of a 16-year-old man withchronic renal failure secondary to corticosteroid-resistant nephroticsyndrome (CRNS) caused by NPHS2 mutations. The patient underwent a 5th fifth living-related KT. The graft was placed intraperitoneallyand reperfused well without complications. On the 4 th postoperativeday his labs demonstrated raising creatinine associated with refractoryhypertension, gross hematuria and anemia. Urgent ultrasound revealeda subcapsular hematoma with signs of parenchymal compression. PKphenomenon was suspected and urgent surgical intervention decided.Comments: PK is a rare but an emergence potentially treatableand reversible complication after pediatric KT. Early diagnosis basedon clinical suspicion and suggestive imaging are the key points for afavorable outcome.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Kidney Transplantation , Kidney , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Kidney Failure, Chronic , General Surgery , Adolescent , Pediatrics , Tissue Donors
3.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 75(3): 251-260, mar. 2022. mapas, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-206982

ABSTRACT

Introducción y objetivos: El desarrollo de anticuerpos contra antígenos leucocitarios humanos es una complicación conocida de la asistencia ventricular de larga duración. El propósito del presente estudio es evaluar su incidencia durante el empleo de dispositivos de asistencia ventricular de corta duración (DAVC) (CentriMag), sus determinantes y su repercusión en los resultados del trasplante cardiaco. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo con pacientes tratados con DAVC como puente al trasplante entre 2009 y 2019. Se consideró sensibilización un panel reactivo de anticuerpos calculado> 10%. Las variables de respuesta fueron supervivencia y supervivencia libre de rechazo agudo (RA). Resultados: Se trató con DAVC a 89 pacientes, con una mediana de edad de 56,0 [intervalo intercuartílico, 50,0-59,9] años y el 16,8% de mujeres, durante una mediana de 23,6 [16,6-35,0] días. El 12,4% se sensibilizó durante la asistencia. El único determinante independiente de la sensibilización fue el sexo femenino (OR=8,67; IC95%, 1,93-38,8; p=0,005). De los 89 pacientes, 21 fallecieron durante la asistencia y 68 se sometieron a trasplante. De los pacientes trasplantados, 8 (11,8%) fallecieron y 20 (29,4%) tuvieron algún episodio de RA tras un seguimiento promedio de 49,6 ±31,2 meses tras el trasplante. Tras ajuste multivariable, la sensibilización aumentó el riesgo de RA (HR=3,64; IC95%, 1,42-9,33; p=0,007), con una tendencia no significativa a mayor mortalidad (HR=4,07; IC95%, 0,96-17,3; p=0,057). Conclusiones: La sensibilización relacionada con los DAVC es posible, predomina en el sexo femenino y se asocia de manera significativa con el RA, con una tendencia no significativa a mayor mortalidad (AU)


Introduction and objectives: The development of human-leukocyte antigen antibodies is a well-known adverse effect of the use of long-term ventricular assist devices (VADs). The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of sensitization during short-term mechanical circulatory support with VAD (CentriMag), its determinants, and its impact on posttransplant outcomes. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients who were bridged to transplant with short-term VAD from 2009 to 2019. Sensitization was defined as a calculated panel-reactive antibody> 10%. The endpoints included overall survival and rejection-free survival. Results: A total of 89 patients (median age 56.0 [interquartile range, 50.0-59.9] years, 16.8% female) received a short-term VAD as a bridge to transplant. The median duration of support was 23.6 [interquartile range, 16.6-35.0] days. Eleven patients (12.4%) became sensitized during support. The only factor significantly associated with sensitization was female sex (OR, 8.67; 95%CI, 1.93–38.8; P=.005). Of the 89 patients, 21 patients died during support; 68 patients underwent heart transplant. After a mean follow-up of 49.6 ±31.2 months, 8 patients (11.8%) died and 20 (29.4%) had at least 1 rejection episode. On multivariate analysis, sensitization was an independent predictor of acute rejection (HR, 3.64; 95%CI, 1.42-9.33; P=.007), with a nonstatistically significant trend to higher mortality (HR, 4.07; 95%CI, 0.96-17.3; P=.057). Conclusions: Sensitization with short-term VADs can occur and is significantly associated with female sex and with rejection. Sensitization also showed a nonstatistically significant trend to higher mortality (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Heart Failure/surgery , Heart Transplantation , Heart-Assist Devices , HLA Antigens , Retrospective Studies , Incidence , Treatment Outcome , Prognosis
4.
Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) ; 75(3): 251-260, 2022 Mar.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33863685

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The development of human-leukocyte antigen antibodies is a well-known adverse effect of the use of long-term ventricular assist devices (VADs). The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of sensitization during short-term mechanical circulatory support with VAD (CentriMag), its determinants, and its impact on posttransplant outcomes. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of patients who were bridged to transplant with short-term VAD from 2009 to 2019. Sensitization was defined as a calculated panel-reactive antibody> 10%. The endpoints included overall survival and rejection-free survival. RESULTS: A total of 89 patients (median age 56.0 [interquartile range, 50.0-59.9] years, 16.8% female) received a short-term VAD as a bridge to transplant. The median duration of support was 23.6 [interquartile range, 16.6-35.0] days. Eleven patients (12.4%) became sensitized during support. The only factor significantly associated with sensitization was female sex (OR, 8.67; 95%CI, 1.93-38.8; P=.005). Of the 89 patients, 21 patients died during support; 68 patients underwent heart transplant. After a mean follow-up of 49.6 ±31.2 months, 8 patients (11.8%) died and 20 (29.4%) had at least 1 rejection episode. On multivariate analysis, sensitization was an independent predictor of acute rejection (HR, 3.64; 95%CI, 1.42-9.33; P=.007), with a nonstatistically significant trend to higher mortality (HR, 4.07; 95%CI, 0.96-17.3; P=.057). CONCLUSIONS: Sensitization with short-term VADs can occur and is significantly associated with female sex and with rejection. Sensitization also showed a nonstatistically significant trend to higher mortality.


Subject(s)
Heart Failure , Heart Transplantation , Heart-Assist Devices , Female , HLA Antigens , Heart Failure/epidemiology , Heart Failure/etiology , Heart Failure/therapy , Heart Transplantation/adverse effects , Heart-Assist Devices/adverse effects , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
5.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 74(4): 337-344, Abr. 2021. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English, Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-232239

ABSTRACT

Introducción y objetivos Algunos estudios indican que los parámetros de strain por speckle-tracking pueden ser una alternativa no invasiva a la biopsia endomiocárdica para excluir el rechazo celular agudo (RCA) moderado o grave (≥ 2R) tras el trasplante cardiaco (TxC). En una cohorte inicial, unos puntos de corte del 15,5% para el strain longitudinal global del ventrículo izquierdo (SLGVI) y el 17% para el strain de pared libre del ventrículo derecho mostraron un valor predictivo negativo del 100% para excluir RCA ≥ 2R. Nuestro objetivo es analizar la utilidad del strain y validar estos puntos de corte en una cohorte multicéntrica prospectiva externa.MétodosEstudio multicéntrico y prospectivo que incluyó a pacientes con seguimiento el primer año tras el TC. Se compararon los resultados de biopsias electivas con ecocardiogramas realizados el mismo día.ResultadosSe incluyó a 99 pacientes y 501 pares de biopsias-ecocardiogramas. El RCA ≥ 2R en las biopsias fue del 7,4%. El SLGVI y el strain longitudinal de pared libre del ventrículo derecho fueron menores durante los RCA ≥ 2R en el análisis univariante. En el análisis multivariante, el SLGVI se asoció de manera independiente con el RCA ≥ 2R. Los puntos de corte originales mostraron un valor predictivo negativo del 94,3% el RCA ≥ 2R.ConclusionesEste estudio mantiene un alto valor predictivo negativo para excluir RCA ≥ 2R tras el TxC y el SLGVI se asoció de manera independiente con el RCA ≥ 2R. El strain y, principalmente, el SLGVI pueden ser de utilidad en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento no invasivo del RCA. (AU)


Introduction and objectives Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography has emerged as a promising alternative to endomyocardial biopsy to rule out acute cellular rejection after orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) in single center studies. In an original cohort, 15.5% and 17% of cutoff points for left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) and free-wall right ventricular longitudinal strain, respectively, achieved 100% negative predictive value to exclude moderate or severe acute cellular rejection (ACR ≥ 2R). Our objective was to demonstrate the usefulness of speckle-tracking and validate these cutoff points in an external cohort.MethodsA prospective, multicenter study that included patients who were monitored during their first year after OHT was conducted. Echocardiographic studies analyzed by local investigators were compared with simultaneous paired endomyocardial biopsies samples.ResultsA total of 501 endomyocardial biopsy-echocardiographic studies were included in 99 patients. ACR≥2R was present in 7.4% of samples. LVGLS and free-wall right ventricular longitudinal strain were significantly reduced during ACR≥2R on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, LVGLS was independently associated with the presence of ACR≥2R. The original cutoff points demonstrated a negative predictive value of 94.3% to exclude ACR≥2R.ConclusionsThis study maintained a strong negative predictive value to exclude ACR≥2R after OHT and LVGLS was independently associated with the presence of ACR≥2R. We propose the use of speckle-tracking, especially LVGLS, as part of the noninvasive diagnosis and management of ACR. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Heart Transplantation/adverse effects , Graft Rejection/complications , Heart Ventricles/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography , Prospective Studies
6.
Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) ; 74(4): 337-344, 2021 Apr.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32205100

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography has emerged as a promising alternative to endomyocardial biopsy to rule out acute cellular rejection after orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) in single center studies. In an original cohort, 15.5% and 17% of cutoff points for left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) and free-wall right ventricular longitudinal strain, respectively, achieved 100% negative predictive value to exclude moderate or severe acute cellular rejection (ACR ≥ 2R). Our objective was to demonstrate the usefulness of speckle-tracking and validate these cutoff points in an external cohort. METHODS: A prospective, multicenter study that included patients who were monitored during their first year after OHT was conducted. Echocardiographic studies analyzed by local investigators were compared with simultaneous paired endomyocardial biopsies samples. RESULTS: A total of 501 endomyocardial biopsy-echocardiographic studies were included in 99 patients. ACR≥2R was present in 7.4% of samples. LVGLS and free-wall right ventricular longitudinal strain were significantly reduced during ACR≥2R on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, LVGLS was independently associated with the presence of ACR≥2R. The original cutoff points demonstrated a negative predictive value of 94.3% to exclude ACR≥2R. CONCLUSIONS: This study maintained a strong negative predictive value to exclude ACR≥2R after OHT and LVGLS was independently associated with the presence of ACR≥2R. We propose the use of speckle-tracking, especially LVGLS, as part of the noninvasive diagnosis and management of ACR.


Subject(s)
Heart Transplantation , Echocardiography , Graft Rejection/diagnosis , Heart Ventricles/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Prospective Studies
7.
Rev Esp Patol ; 51(2): 110-123, 2018.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29602372

ABSTRACT

In order to make an objective assessment of the histopathology of a renal biopsy during a kidney transplant, all the various elements involved in the process must be understood. It is important to know the characteristics of the donor organ, especially if the donor is older than 65. The histopathological features of the donor biopsy, especially its vascular status, are often related to an initial poor function of the transplanted kidney. The T lymphocyte inflammatory response is characteristic in acute cellular rejection; the degree of tubulitis, together with the amount of affected parenchyme, are important factors. The proportion of cellular sub-populations, such as plasma cells and macrophages, is also important, as they can be related to antibody-mediated humoral rejection. Immunofluorescent or immunohistochemical studies are necessary to rule out C4d deposits or immunogloblulins. The presence of abundant deposits of C4d in tubular basement membranes supports a diagnosis of humoral rejection, as does the presence of capillaritis, glomerulitis which, together with vasculitis, are typical diagnostic findings in C4d negative cases. Interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy and glomerular sclerosis, although non-specific, imply a chronic phase. Transplant glomerulopathy and multilamination in more than 6 layers of the tubular and glomerular basement membranes are quasi-specific characteristics of chronic humoral rejection. Electron microscopy is essential to identify of these pathologies as well as to demonstrate the presence of other glomerular renal diseases.


Subject(s)
Kidney Transplantation , Kidney/pathology , Acute Disease , Biopsy , Chronic Disease , Graft Rejection/pathology , Humans , Kidney Diseases/pathology , Postoperative Complications/pathology
8.
Nefrologia (Engl Ed) ; 38(2): 125-135, 2018.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28647049

ABSTRACT

The term acute tubular necrosis was thought to represent a misnomer derived from morphological studies of human necropsies and necrosis was thought to represent an unregulated passive form of cell death which was not amenable to therapeutic manipulation. Recent advances have improved our understanding of cell death in acute kidney injury. First, apoptosis results in cell loss, but does not trigger an inflammatory response. However, clumsy attempts at interfering with apoptosis (e.g. certain caspase inhibitors) may trigger necrosis and, thus, inflammation-mediated kidney injury. Second, and most revolutionary, the concept of regulated necrosis emerged. Several modalities of regulated necrosis were described, such as necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis and mitochondria permeability transition regulated necrosis. Similar to apoptosis, regulated necrosis is modulated by specific molecules that behave as therapeutic targets. Contrary to apoptosis, regulated necrosis may be extremely pro-inflammatory and, importantly for kidney transplantation, immunogenic. Furthermore, regulated necrosis may trigger synchronized necrosis, in which all cells within a given tubule die in a synchronized manner. We now review the different modalities of regulated necrosis, the evidence for a role in diverse forms of kidney injury and the new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.


Subject(s)
Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute/pathology , Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods , Necrosis/physiopathology , Animals , Apoptosis , Calcium Oxalate/toxicity , Cisplatin/toxicity , Cytokines/physiology , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Folic Acid/toxicity , Humans , Kidney/blood supply , Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute/chemically induced , Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute/drug therapy , Mice , Mice, Knockout , Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins/physiology , Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore , Models, Biological , Necrosis/classification , Necrosis/drug therapy , Necrosis/immunology , Reperfusion Injury/pathology , Terminology as Topic
9.
Nefrologia ; 37(4): 397-405, 2017.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28576438

ABSTRACT

Patients who are candidates for a second kidney transplant (SKT) frequently have a higher level of panel reactive antibodies (PRA). We assessed the allosensitisation change after a first graft failure (GF), its predictors and impact on retransplantat outcomes. We retrospectively selected 140 adult patients who received a SKT. Recipient and donor characteristics were analyzed. We defined the delta PRA (dPRA) as the difference between peak PRA before the SKT and first one (cohort median value=+10%). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors for dPRA≥10% and acute rejection (AR) in the SKT. Univariable and multivariable Cox analysis was applied to assess independent predictors of second GF. Risk factors for dPRA≥10% at SKT were AR (OR=2.57; P=0.022), first graft survival <1 year (OR=2.47; P=0.030) and ABDR HLA mismatch (OR=1.38 per each mismatch; P=0.038). AR in the SKT was associated with dPRA≥10% (OR=2.79; P=0.047). Induction with a lymphocyte-depleting agent had a protective effect (OR=0.23; P=0.010). SKT survival was lower (P=0.008) in patients with a dPRA≥10% (75.6%, 60.5% in dPRA≥10%; 88.6%, 88.6% in dPRA<10% patients at 5 and 10 years, post-transplant respectively). Multivariable Cox regression showed that dPRA≥10% (HR=2.38, P=0.042), delayed graft function (HR=2.82, P=0.006) and AR (HR=3.30, P=0.001) in the SKT were independent predictors of retransplant failure. This study shows that an increased allosensitisation at retransplant was associated with the degree of HLA mismatch and led to poorer outcomes. De-emphasis of HLA matching in current allocation policies may be undesirable, particularly in patients with a higher chance of needing a SKT.

10.
Rev. colomb. gastroenterol ; 31(2): 169-179, abr.-jun. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-791314

ABSTRACT

La biopsia hepática de los aloinjertos sigue siendo considerada el estándar de oro y juega un papel importante e integral en la interpretación y explicación de los cambios que puedan ocurrir en respuesta a alteraciones en las pruebas de la función o bioquímica hepática, anomalías funcionales o alteración en las imágenes diagnósticas, las cuales pueden, o no, ir acompañadas de síntomas. También es útil en el seguimiento o biopsias por protocolo (1-3). La evaluación de biopsias, después del trasplante, puede ser difícil debido a que es muy amplio el espectro de las complicaciones que pueden presentarse en el período postrasplante; más aún, cuando muchas de ellas necesitan un diagnóstico y tratamiento inmediato. La patología más frecuente es el rechazo agudo. Sin embargo, también pueden observarse cambios de perfusión/reperfusión, alteraciones funcionales, recidiva de enfermedad de base, lesión de la vía biliar, lesiones vasculares, infecciones oportunistas, patologías de novo, como la hepatitis autoinmune, hepatitis crónica idiopática postrasplante, toxicidad farmacológica o tumores, entre otras patologías (4). En este artículo relacionado con la patología del trasplante hepático se tratarán las patologías más frecuentes, no quirúrgicas, en el período postrasplante temprano, con un enfoque histopatológico dirigido a las dificultades y controversias para una adecuada correlación clínico-patológica.


Biopsies of liver allografts are still considered to be the gold standard. They play an important and integral role in the interpretation and explanation of changes that may occur in response to alterations in function tests, in the interpretation and explanation of liver biochemistry, in the interpretation and explanation of functional abnormalities, and in the interpretation and explanation of diagnostic images (whether or not accompanied by symptoms). Biopsies are also useful for monitoring and are often part of the protocol (1-3). The evaluation of biopsy samples after transplantation can be difficult especially because of the very broad spectrum of complications that may arise in the post-transplant period. Many of them require immediate diagnosis and treatment despite this difficulty. Although the most common condition is acute rejection, many other conditions and disorders can be observed. They include perfusion/reperfusion alterations, functional impairment, recurrence of underlying diseases, injury to the bile duct, vascular lesions, opportunistic infections, de novo pathologies such as autoimmune hepatitis, post-transplant idiopathic chronic hepatitis, drug toxicity, and tumors (4). This is the second article about the pathology of liver transplantation. It discusses the most common pathologies in the early post-transplant period and provides a histopathological approach towards difficulties and controversies for adequate clinicopathological correlation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Biopsy , Endothelium , Graft Rejection , Liver Transplantation , Primary Graft Dysfunction , Reperfusion Injury
11.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 15(4): 336-341, dic. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-842946

ABSTRACT

El trasplante pulmonar es una opción terapéutica válida para mejorar la sobrevida de pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias en fase avanzada. La supervivencia tras el trasplante de pulmón ha mejorado en gran medida como resultado de los avances en la técnica quirúrgica, la cuidadosa preservación de órganos de donantes, las mejoras en la terapia inmunosupresora y el reconocimiento precoz de complicaciones con el uso de técnicas de imagen. Nuestro objetivo es proporcionar una guía radiológica del rechazo agudo y crónico del trasplante pulmonar. Se describirán los hallazgos por tomografía computada multidetector (TCMD).


Lung transplantation is a valid therapeutic option to prolong survival in patients with end-stage pulmonary disease. Survival after lung transplantation has greatly improved as a result of advances in surgical techniques, careful preservation of donor organs, progress in immunosuppressive therapy, and the use of imaging techniques for an early recognition of complications. Our goal is to provide a radiology guide of acute and chronic rejection of lung transplants. The fndings of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) studies are described.


Subject(s)
Bronchiolitis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Lung Transplantation , Graft Rejection
12.
Rev. cuba. med ; 50(2): 133-139, abr.-jun. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-615430

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El trasplante renal constituye la modalidad terapéutica que ofrece mayor calidad de vida y supervivencia a los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en estadio 5, cada día es mayor la tendencia a realizar el trasplante renal cuando aún el paciente no ha recibido tratamiento dialítico. Objetivo: Comparar los resultados alcanzados con el trasplante realizado prediálisis y posdiálisis. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio comparativo entre el trasplante, con donante fallecido, realizado en etapa prediálisis (23 pacientes) con el realizado cuando el paciente ya tenía más de 1 año en tratamiento dialítico (82 pacientes), en el Instituto de Nefrología, en el período de 1991-2001 y seguimiento hasta el 2008. Para esto se comparó una serie de características demográficas y clínicas en ambos grupos utilizando para el análisis estadístico prueba de homogeneidad, test de Wilcoxon y para los análisis de supervivencia, el Kapplan Meier y la prueba de Log-Rank. Resultados: Las diferencias halladas entre ambos grupos en cuanto a las principales características no fueron estadísticamente significativas. La frecuencia de necrosis tubular aguda y de rechazo agudo resultó mayor en el grupo posdiálisis, la supervivencia del injerto y del paciente fue mejor en el grupo prediálisis, las diferencias encontradas fueron significativas con p < 0,05. Conclusiones: Los pacientes del grupo prediálisis presentaron mejor evolución


Introduction: Renal transplantation is the therapeutic modality offering a great quality of life and survival for patients presenting with stage 5 chronic renal disease in, each day there a great trend to perform the renal transplantation in a patient without dialysis treatment. Objective: To compare the results obtained with the pre- and post- dialysis transplantation. Methods: A comparative study was conducted between the transplantation from deceased person performed in pre-dialysis time (23 patients) and that performed when patient with more than a year of dialysis treatment (82 patients) in the Institute of Nephrology during 1991-2001 and a follow-up until 2008. Thus, we compared a series of demographic and clinical features in both groups using a homogeneity test, Wilcoxon test for statistic analysis and the Kapplan Meier and Log-Rank test for survival analysis. Results: The differences present in both groups as regards the main features were not statistic significant. The frequency of the acute tubular necrosis and the acute rejection was great in the post-dialysis group, the graft and patient survival was better in pre-dialysis group, the differences founded were significant with p < 0,05. Conclusions: Patients of the pre-dialysis group had a better evolution


Subject(s)
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Renal Dialysis , Tissue Donors , Transplantation Immunology , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Observational Studies as Topic , Retrospective Studies
13.
Rev. cuba. med ; 50(2)abr.-jun. 2011. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-57106

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El trasplante renal constituye la modalidad terapéutica que ofrece mayor calidad de vida y supervivencia a los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en estadio 5, cada día es mayor la tendencia a realizar el trasplante renal cuando aún el paciente no ha recibido tratamiento dialítico. Objetivo: Comparar los resultados alcanzados con el trasplante realizado prediálisis y posdiálisis. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio comparativo entre el trasplante, con donante fallecido, realizado en etapa prediálisis (23 pacientes) con el realizado cuando el paciente ya tenía más de 1 año en tratamiento dialítico (82 pacientes), en el Instituto de Nefrología, en el período de 1991-2001 y seguimiento hasta el 2008. Para esto se comparó una serie de características demográficas y clínicas en ambos grupos utilizando para el análisis estadístico prueba de homogeneidad, test de Wilcoxon y para los análisis de supervivencia, el Kapplan Meier y la prueba de Log-Rank. Resultados: Las diferencias halladas entre ambos grupos en cuanto a las principales características no fueron estadísticamente significativas. La frecuencia de necrosis tubular aguda y de rechazo agudo resultó mayor en el grupo posdiálisis, la supervivencia del injerto y del paciente fue mejor en el grupo prediálisis, las diferencias encontradas fueron significativas con p < 0,05. Conclusiones: Los pacientes del grupo prediálisis presentaron mejor evolución(AU)


Introduction: Renal transplantation is the therapeutic modality offering a great quality of life and survival for patients presenting with stage 5 chronic renal disease in, each day there a great trend to perform the renal transplantation in a patient without dialysis treatment. Objective: To compare the results obtained with the pre- and post- dialysis transplantation. Methods: A comparative study was conducted between the transplantation from deceased person performed in pre-dialysis time (23 patients) and that performed when patient with more than a year of dialysis treatment (82 patients) in the Institute of Nephrology during 1991-2001 and a follow-up until 2008. Thus, we compared a series of demographic and clinical features in both groups using a homogeneity test, Wilcoxon test for statistic analysis and the Kapplan Meier and Log-Rank test for survival analysis. Results: The differences present in both groups as regards the main features were not statistic significant. The frequency of the acute tubular necrosis and the acute rejection was great in the post-dialysis group, the graft and patient survival was better in pre-dialysis group, the differences founded were significant with p < 0,05. Conclusions: Patients of the pre-dialysis group had a better evolution(AU)


Subject(s)
Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Renal Dialysis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Transplantation Immunology , Tissue Donors , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Observational Studies as Topic
14.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 21(2): 194-198, mar. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869454

ABSTRACT

El trasplante pulmonar es una alternativa terapéutica que se ha validado en lo últimos 30 años para aquellos pacientes portadores de una enfermedad pulmonar terminal. Las características propias del trasplante pulmonar dadas por su conexión al ambiente a través de la vía aérea y la isquemia presente en las suturas durante el primer mes han constituído por mucho tiempo la principal causa de morbilidad y mortalidad de los pacientes trasplantados pulmonares. Los nuevos medicamentos inmunosupresores, la mejoría de las soluciones de preservación y de las técnicas quirúrgicas han disminuido las complicaciones y mortalidad precoz, siendo el gran desafío aún, el rechazo crónico conocido como el Sindrome de Bronquiolitis Obliterante (SBO).La selección del receptor de acuerdo a la patología de base se ha modificado, promoviendo la derivación precoz en patologías como la fibrosis pulmonar y la fibrosis quística disminuyendo así la mortalidad en la lista de espera.


The lung transplantation is a technique that has been validated in last the 30 years for those carrying patients of a terminal pulmonary disease. The own characteristics of the lung transplant given by their connection to the atmosphere through the aerial route and isquemia present in the sutures during the first month have constituted for a long time the main cause of morbidity and mortality of the pulmonary trasplanted patients. The new inmunosupresores medicines, the improvement of preservation solutions and the surgical techniques have diminished the complications and precocious mortality, being the great challenge still the known chronic rejection as the Bronchiolitis Obliterative Syndrome (BOS). The selection to the pathology basic receiver has changed, promoting early referral pathologies as pulmonary fibrosis and cystic fibrosis decreasing mortality in the waiting list.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bronchiolitis Obliterans , Donor Selection , Lung Transplantation , Transplant Recipients , Graft Rejection , Patient Selection
15.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 21(2): 278-285, mar. 2010. tab, graf, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869465

ABSTRACT

En la actualidad el trasplante pulmonar es considerado el tratamiento de elección para pacientes portadores de una enfermedad pulmonar avanzada que no presenten otras patologías severas y cuya sobrevida estimada es menor a dos años. La mejoría de la técnica quirúrgica y las drogas inmunosupresoras han permitido optimizar la calidad de vida, disminuyendo las complicaciones y extendiendo así la sobrevida. Hace 10 años Clínica Las Condes inicia su programa de trasplante pulmonar el que ha sido pionero nacional en número de injertos realizados y resultados obtenidos a largo plazo. Se realiza una revisión de las indicaciones, complicaciones precoces y tardías, capacidad física posterior al trasplante y sobrevida alejada de los pacientes trasplantados de pulmón en nuestro programa.


Currently the lung transplant is considered the treatment of choice for patients showing no other severe pathologies advanced lung disease carriers whose estimated survival rate is less than two years. The improvement of the surgical technique and immunosuppressive drugs has made it possible to optimize the quality of life, reducing complications and extending the survival rate. For 10 years Clínica las Condes has been initiating your lung transplantation program which has been pioneering national in number made grafts and results obtained long-term. Performs a review indications, early and late complications, transplantation and survival away from transplanted patients lung our physical capacity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Child , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Lung Transplantation/adverse effects , Lung Transplantation/statistics & numerical data , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Bronchiolitis Obliterans/epidemiology , Cause of Death , Chile , Follow-Up Studies , Immunosuppression Therapy , Postoperative Care , Graft Rejection/epidemiology , Survival Analysis , Lung Transplantation/mortality
16.
Cir. & cir ; 77(5): 381-384, sept.-oct. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-566470

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Es conocido que la exposición del injerto renal a tiempo prolongado de isquemia fría se asocia con rechazo agudo. Dado que no se encontró evidencia del tema en México, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el papel del tiempo de isquemia fría prolongado sobre el injerto en el trasplante renal cadavérico en población mexicana. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, transversal y analítico para el que se seleccionaron los expedientes de pacientes con trasplante renal entre julio de 1994 y junio de 2004. Se realizó análisis de diferentes variables para determinar su efecto sobre el rechazo agudo, entre ellas el tiempo prolongado de isquemia fría (≥ 12 horas). Resultados: De los 425 transplantes realizados, 33 fueron de donador cadavérico; 10 pacientes tuvieron rechazo agudo. El tiempo prolongado de isquemia fría (OR = 8.4, IC = 1.5-44.2, p = 0.02) y la combinación azatioprina (AZA)-prednisona (PDN)- ciclosporina (CSA) (OR = 9.1, IC = 1.5-49.4, p = 0.02) fueron factores de riesgo para rechazo agudo. El uso de antiCD25 (OR = 0.6, IC = 0.009-0.37, p = 0.001) y la combinación mofetil micofenolato (MMF)-PDN-CSA (OR = 0.1, IC = 0.02-0.65, p = 0.02) fueron factores protectores de rechazo agudo. Conclusiones: En una población mexicana, el tiempo de isquemia fría prolongado y la combinación AZA-PDN-CSA fueron factores de riesgo para rechazo agudo, mientras que el uso de antiCD25 y la combinación MMF-PDN-CSA fueron protectores para rechazo agudo en trasplantes renales de donadores cadavéricos.


BACKGROUND: Exposure of renal grafting to prolonged cold ischemia time (CIT) and the association with acute rejection (AR) are known. However, there is no evidence in Mexico about this topic. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate prolonged CIT as a risk factor for AR in renal grafting of cadaveric kidney transplantation in a Mexican population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out. Clinical files of patients undergoing renal grafting using cadaveric kidneys were reviewed from July 1994-June 2004. Prolonged CIT (=12 h) as a risk factor for AR was evaluated. Other related variables were also examined. RESULTS: From 425 kidney transplantations, only 33 cases were cadaveric. Ten patients had AR. Prolonged CIT (OR 8.4; CI 1.5-44.2, p = 0.02) and azathioprine (AZA)-prednisone (PDN)-cyclosporine (CSA) combination (OR 9.1; CI 1.5-49.4, p = 0.02) were risk factors for AR. Anti-CD25 use (OR 0.6; CI 0.009-0.37, p = 0.001) and mycofenolate mofetil (MMF)-PDN-CSA combination (OR 0.1; CI 0.02-0.65, p = 0.02) were protective factors for AR. CONCLUSIONS: In a Mexican population, prolonged CIT and AZA-PDN-CSA combination were risk factors for AR. Meanwhile, anti- CD25 use and MMF-PDN-CSA combination were protective factors for AR in cadaveric kidney transplantations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Tissue and Organ Harvesting/methods , Cold Ischemia/adverse effects , Graft Rejection/etiology , Kidney/blood supply , Kidney Transplantation/statistics & numerical data , Acute Disease , Cadaver , Cross-Sectional Studies , Delayed Graft Function , Drug Therapy, Combination , Living Donors/statistics & numerical data , Tissue Donors/statistics & numerical data , Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Mexico/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Graft Rejection/epidemiology , Graft Rejection/prevention & control , Young Adult
17.
Rev. cuba. med ; 48(3)jul.-sept. 2009.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-43255

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Estudio observacional descriptivo de cohorte retrospectiva, para comparar la incidencia de rechazo agudo (RA), su clasificación (Banft 1997) y las causas de pérdidas de los injertos, entre 3 protocolos de inmunosupresión. Métodos: Se estudiaron todos los trasplantes renales, donante cadáver (116), realizados en el Instituto de Nefrología Dr Abelardo Buch López, entre los años 2003 y 2007. Se excluyeron los pacientes que perdieron la función renal o fallecieron por causas ajenas al protocolo inmunosupresor empleado. Los protocolos comparados fueron: I. Cuádruple secuencial con anticuerpos policlonales (AcP, Thymogam), II. Cuádruple secuencial con anticuerpos monoclonales (AcM, IOR-T3) y III. Triple. Se analizaron variables inmunológicas como compatibilidad HLA y porcentaje de anticuerpos anti HLA y no inmunológicas, como número de TR, edad del donante, causa de muerte, isquemia fría, necrosis tubular aguda pos TR, días de tratamiento con las terapias biológicas y reacciones colaterales. Se utilizó la distribución de frecuencias y el test de homogeneidad, en el análisis de las variables cualitativas. En las cuantitativas se calculó media aritmética y desviación estándar y se empleó el test de Kruskal Wallis. Resultados: El protocolo I evidenció menor incidencia de la primera crisis de RA (18,5 vs. 33,3 y 43,2 por ciento para los protocolos II y III), sin pérdidas de injertos por RA en el primer año, pese haber sido utilizado en pacientes con mayor riesgo inmunológico, a diferencia de los protocolos II y III donde sí se encontraron pérdidas de los trasplantes en el 22,2 y 20,5 por ciento, respectivamente. Cuando se presentó el RA, la severidad fue mucho menor en el protocolo I (25,0 por ciento sospechoso de RA y 75,0 por ciento RA IA) a diferencia de los RA en los protocolos II y III donde también existió RA IIA y IIB. Conclusiones: El protocolo cußdruple secuencial con AcP, Thymogam, tiene mejores resultados en nuestro ...(AU)


Introduction: It is a descriptive and observational and retrospective study to compare acute rejection incidence (AR), its classification (Banft 1997), and causes of grafts lost among three immunosuppression protocols. Methods: Cadaver donor renal transplants (116) were studied in "Dr. Abelardo Buch López" Nephrology Institute from 2003 to 2007. Were excluded those patients with loss of renal function or deceased from causes other than immunosuppression protocol used. Protocols compared were: I. Quadruple sequential with polyclonal antibodies (AcP, Thymogam). II. Quadruple sequential with monoclonal antibodies (AcM, IOR-T3), and III. Triple. Immunological variables analyzed were: HLA compatibility and percentage of anti-HLA antibodies and no-immunologic ones, as TR number, donor' age, death cause, cold ischemia, post-TR acute tubular necrosis, treatment extent (days) using biological therapies and collateral reactions. We used the frequency distribution and homogeneity test in qualitative variables analysis. In the quantitative ones SD and arithmetic mean were estimated and Kruskal Wallis test was used. Results: I protocol evidenced a lower incidence of the first RA crisis during the 1st year in spite of its use in patients with a great immunologic risk, unlike II and III protocols, where there were transplant losses in 22,2 percent and 20,5 percent, respectively. When RA was present, severity was very lower in I protocol (25,0 percent suspected of RA and 75,0 percent RA IA) unlike the RAs in II and III protocols where also were RA IIA and IIb. Conclusions: Sequential quadruple protocol with AcP, Thymogan, has better results in our practice and it is ideal in patients with a mayor immunologic risk(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans
18.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-41054

ABSTRACT

La disminución en la incidencia de rechazos agudos al trasplante renal resistente al tratamiento inicial con esteroides ofrece ventajas innegables desde el punto de vista económico y de la evolución del injerto. Para determinar la respuesta de los pacientes con diagnóstico inicial de rechazo agudo al tratamiento con metilprednisolona e intentar identificar algunos factores que puedan asociarse a su aparición se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de 62 pacientes con diagnóstico presuntivo de rechazo agudo al trasplante renal en el Hospital Lucía Iñiguez Landín en los años 2003 y 2004. El 37,1 por ciento de los enfermos no tuvo una respuesta favorable al tratamiento con metilprednisolona, de los cuales el 69,56 por ciento tenía menos de tres meses de trasplantado, lo que resultó estadísticamente significativo al compararlo con los enfermos que si respondieron al tratamiento...(AU)


Reduction in steroids resistant renal allograft acute rejections incidence offers several advantages. For investigating the response to metilprednisolone and some associated factors, a retrospective study was done in 62 patients with acute rejection initial diagnosis at Lucía Iñiguez Hospital in 2003 and 2004. 37,1 percent of patients did not response to metilprednisolone, and 69,56 percent of them were in the first three months of transplantation, which was statistically significant. Acute rejection diagnosis was done clinically in 87,1 percent and confirmatory renal graft biopsy was done in 17,75 percent...(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Graft Rejection , Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use
19.
Rev. cuba. med ; 48(3): 36-47, jul.-sep. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-628868

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Estudio observacional descriptivo de cohorte retrospectiva, para comparar la incidencia de rechazo agudo (RA), su clasificación (Banft 1997) y las causas de pérdidas de los injertos, entre 3 protocolos de inmunosupresión. Métodos: Se estudiaron todos los trasplantes renales, donante cadáver (116), realizados en el Instituto de Nefrología "Dr. Abelardo Buch López", entre los años 2003 y 2007. Se excluyeron los pacientes que perdieron la función renal o fallecieron por causas ajenas al protocolo inmunosupresor empleado. Los protocolos comparados fueron: I. Cuádruple secuencial con anticuerpos policlonales (AcP, Thymogam), II. Cuádruple secuencial con anticuerpos monoclonales (AcM, IOR-T3) y III. Triple. Se analizaron variables inmunológicas como compatibilidad HLA y porcentaje de anticuerpos anti HLA y no inmunológicas, como número de TR, edad del donante, causa de muerte, isquemia fría, necrosis tubular aguda pos TR, días de tratamiento con las terapias biológicas y reacciones colaterales. Se utilizó la distribución de frecuencias y el test de homogeneidad, en el análisis de las variables cualitativas. En las cuantitativas se calculó media aritmética y desviación estándar y se empleó el test de Kruskal Wallis. Resultados: El protocolo I evidenció menor incidencia de la primera crisis de RA (18,5 vs. 33,3 y 43,2 % para los protocolos II y III), sin pérdidas de injertos por RA en el primer año, pese haber sido utilizado en pacientes con mayor riesgo inmunológico, a diferencia de los protocolos II y III donde sí se encontraron pérdidas de los trasplantes en el 22,2 y 20,5 %, respectivamente. Cuando se presentó el RA, la severidad fue mucho menor en el protocolo I (25,0 % sospechoso de RA y 75,0 % RA IA) a diferencia de los RA en los protocolos II y III donde también existió RA IIA y IIB. Conclusiones: El protocolo cuádruple secuencial con AcP, Thymogam, tiene mejores resultados en nuestro medio y es ideal en pacientes de mayor riesgo inmunológico.


Introduction: It is a descriptive and observational and retrospective study to compare acute rejection incidence (AR), its classification (Banft 1997), and causes of grafts lost among three immunosuppression protocols. Methods: Cadaver donor renal transplants (116) were studied in "Dr. Abelardo Buch López" Nephrology Institute from 2003 to 2007. Were excluded those patients with loss of renal function or deceased from causes other than immunosuppression protocol used. Protocols compared were: I. Quadruple sequential with polyclonal antibodies (AcP, Thymogam). II. Quadruple sequential with monoclonal antibodies (AcM, IOR-T3), and III. Triple. Immunological variables analyzed were: HLA compatibility and percentage of anti-HLA antibodies and no-immunologic ones, as TR number, donor' age, death cause, cold ischemia, post-TR acute tubular necrosis, treatment extent (days) using biological therapies and collateral reactions. We used the frequency distribution and homogeneity test in qualitative variables analysis. In the quantitative ones SD and arithmetic mean were estimated and Kruskal Wallis test was used. Results: I protocol evidenced a lower incidence of the first RA crisis during the 1st year in spite of its use in patients with a great immunologic risk, unlike II and III protocols, where there were transplant losses in 22,2 % and 20,5%, respectively. When RA was present, severity was very lower in I protocol (25,0% suspected of RA and 75,0% RA IA) unlike the RAs in II and III protocols where also were RA IIA and IIb. Conclusions: Sequential quadruple protocol with AcP, Thymogan, has better results in our practice and it is ideal in patients with a mayor immunologic risk.

20.
Rev. cuba. med ; 47(3)jul.-sep. 2008.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-38298

ABSTRACT

El rechazo agudo subclínico al riñón trasplantado es el proceso de rechazo sin expresión clínica, aparece entre un tercio y la mitad de los pacientes que reciben trasplante renal, por lo general en los primeros 3 meses de postrasplante. En la actualidad, la principal causa de pérdida de riñones trasplantados es el rechazo crónico ya que a pesar del surgimiento de nuevos inmunosupresores y de la disminución del rechazo agudo no se ha logrado alcanzar un impacto significativo de la supervivencia del trasplante a largo plazo por causa de este rechazo. Se ha demostrado que existe estrecha asociación entre procesos de rechazo agudo subclínico y aparición de rechazo crónico por lo que cobra gran importancia la pesquisa de esta complicación en los pacientes que reciben trasplante renal(AU)


The acute subclinical rejection of the tranasplanted kidney is the rejection process without clinical expression that appears between a third and a half of the patient undergoing renal transplant, generally in the first three months after the transplant. Nowadays, the main cause of the loss of transplanted kidneys is chronic rejection, since in spite of the appearance of new immunosuppressive drugs and the reduction of the acute rejection it has not been possible to achieve a significant impact of transplant survival on the long term because of this rejection. It has been proved that there is a close association between the subclinical acute rejection processes and the existence of chronic rejection. That's why, the screening of this complication is very important among patients receiving kidney transplant(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Kidney Transplantation/methods , Graft Rejection/drug therapy , Graft Rejection/epidemiology
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