The reliability and validity of Child-to-parent Violence Questionnaire (CPV-Q) among Chinese adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Child-to-parent Violence Questionnaire (CPV-Q) in a group of Chinese adolescents. METHODS: A total of 1138 adolescents (15.24 ± 1.17 years old) were tested with the Chinese version of CPV-Q, Parent-Adolescent Conflict Scale, and Adolescent Aggressive Behavior Scale of which 201 adolescents were retested 1 month later. The Chinese version of CPV-Q contains psychological, physical, financial, and control/domain factors with 14 items. RESULTS: The four-factor model has good main fit indicators (father: χ2/df = 3.28, CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.06; mother: χ2/df = 3.30, CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.06); the scale has good criterion-related validity. The Cronbach's α coefficients of the Chinese version of CPV-Q were 0.89 (father) and 0.88 (mother), and the Cronbach's α coefficients of the four subscales were 0.81 ~ 0.84 (father) and 0.76 ~ 0.85 (mother). The test-retest reliability of the Chinese version of CPV-Q was 0.85 (father) and 0.83 (mother), and the test-retest reliability of the four subscales was 0.80 ~ 0.83 (father) and 0.75 ~ 0.84 (mother). CONCLUSION: Therefore, the CPV-Q has good reliability and validity for Chinese adolescents and can be used as an effective tool to evaluate Chinese adolescents' violence toward their parents.

The psychometric evaluation of the Italian version of the Surgical Fear Questionnaire in adult patients waiting for major cardiac surgery.

Background and aim: Preoperative surgical fear is an emotional reaction that can be observed in many patients who are waiting to undergo a surgical procedure. The Surgical Fear Questionnaire was originally developed to determine the level of fear in patients who are expected to undergo elective surgery. This study aims to test the validity and reliability of this Italian version in a population of patients waiting for major cardiac surgery. Study design: Methodological research model. Methods: The population of this methodological study included the patients who presented to Lecco Hospital in Italy between January 2022 and October 2023 and were scheduled to undergo valve surgery, aortic surgery or coronary surgery; the sample involved 416 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Results: Results of the analyses showed that the Surgical Fear Questionnaire can be used with two subscales; the "Surgical Fear Questionnaire-S", which shows the fear of the short-term consequences of cardiac-surgery, and the "Surgical Fear Questionnaire-L", which shows the fear of the long-term consequences of cardiac-surgery. The mean score of the patients was 26.32+9.23 on the former, 27.62+11.89 on the latter, and 53.94 +19.16 for the entire questionnaire. The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.952 for the "Surgical Fear Questionnaire-S", 0.920 for the "Surgical Fear Questionnaire-L", and 0.914 for the entire questionnaire. Conclusion: Based on the validity and reliability tests, we consider the questionnaire adaptable to the Italian reality, specifically to the population waiting for major cardiac surgery.

Translation and validation of Bristol Female lower urinary tract symptoms (BFLUTS) questionnaire for Nepali speaking women.

TITLE: Translation and validation of Bristol Female lower urinary tract symptoms (BFLUTS) questionnaire for Nepali speaking women Introduction: Bristol female lower urinary tract symptoms questionnaire (BFLUTS) was designed to identify the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in women. It aids in determining the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms and how they affect sexual function and quality of life.It can be employed in research and therapeutic practice. It is not available in Nepali version. As a result, our goal is to translate and validate the BFLUTS questionnaire in Nepali. METHODS: The BFLUTS questionnaire has been translated into Nepali. From March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021, 225 Nepalese patients with lower urinary tract symptoms were evaluated using a Nepali version of the BFLUTS questionnaire adapted from the English version. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, validity, and change responsiveness were all assessed. RESULTS: A total of 225   patients were enrolled in the study. The missing data was less than 2%. The Nepali version of the BFLUTS questionnaire showed good reliability (? = 0.76; ICC= 0.934). Test-retest reliability was assessed with weighted kappa (?) ranging from 0.71 to 0.83.It showed good sensitive to change before and after the treatment. Mean BFLUTS scores correlated strongly with the symptomsof lower urinary tract symptoms reported in the bladder diary with ? ranging from 0.689to 0.859. CONCLUSIONS: The Nepali version of BFLUTS questionnaire is a reliable, valid and consistent for measuring lower urinary tract symptoms and their effect on sexual function and quality of life.

The Brazilian version of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) is reliable and valid for chronic stroke survivors.

BACKGROUND: Stroke is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Assessing stroke's impact on patients' daily activities and social participation can provide important complementary information to their rehabilitation process. However, no previous study had been conducted on the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) in the stroke population. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the internal consistency, test-retest and inter-rater reliability, convergent validity and floor/ceiling effect of the Brazilian version of the WHODAS 2.0 in individuals after chronic stroke. METHODS: Two examiners interviewed 53 chronic stroke individuals who responded to the Brazilian 36-item version of the WHODAS 2.0 three times to analyze test-retest and inter-rater reliabilities. Floor/ceiling effects were calculated as relative frequencies of the lowest or the highest possible WHODAS 2.0 scores. Participants also responded to the Stroke Impact Scale 3.0 (SIS 3.0) and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) to analyze convergent validity. RESULTS: The internal consistency analyses for domains of WHODAS showed a strong correlation among the items of each domain (0.76-0.91) except for the "getting along" domain, which presented a moderate correlation (ρ = 0,62). Total scores of WHODAS 2.0 showed satisfactory internal consistency (α = 0.93), good inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.85), excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.92) and no significant floor/ceiling effect. Convergent validity indicated moderate to strong correlations (ρ=-0.51 to ρ=-0.88; p < 0.001), with the highest values associated with the correlation with the SIS scale. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian version of the WHODAS 2.0 instrument presented evidence of reliability and validity for chronic post-stroke individuals.

The Validity and Reliability of the Reflux Finding Score.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) disease is common. The incidence of newly diagnosed cases has increased substantially due to awareness and development of new diagnostic measurements. The reflux finding score (RFS) and reflux symptom index (RSI) are believed to be useful in the assessment process, including after the initiation of therapy. However, many authors have suggested concerns about the reliability and validity of the RFS. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity and reliability of the RFS. METHODS: Ninety-two patients diagnosed with LPR who had undergone 24-hour pH-Impedance tests were included. All patients underwent stroboscopy and 24-Hour pH-Impedance monitoring within thirty days. Fifty-nine patients filled out a RSI prior to stroboscopic exam. The RFS was determined by four blinded observers: one otolaryngology resident, two laryngology fellows, and one laryngologist. Stroboscopic images were reviewed again one year later to assess intrarater reliability. RFS and RSI were correlated with 24-hour pH Impedance testing. RESULTS: The Kappa value between reviewers was 0.479. The percent agreement of the four observers for total RFS was 74.04%.The percent agreement between reviewers for subglottic edema was 78.77%; for ventricular obliteration was 65.55%; for erythema/hyperemia was 69.62%, for vocal fold edema was 68.32%; for diffuse laryngeal edema was 66.86%, for posterior commissure hypertrophy was 73.54%; for granuloma/granulation was 96.80%; for thick endolaryngeal mucus was 72.81%. The intrarater reliability of the four observers for total RFS was 67.5% with an intrarater reliability range of 50%-90%. The intrarater reliability for subglottic edema was 85% with a range of 70%-100%; for ventricular obliteration was 77.50% with a range of 70%-90%; for erythema/hyperemia was 65.00% with a range of 50%-90%; for vocal fold edema was 52.50% with a range of 30%-70%; for diffuse laryngeal edema was 62.50% with a range of 20%-80%; for posterior commissure hypertrophy was 52.50% with a range of 10%-80%; for granuloma/granulation was 100%; for thick endolaryngeal mucus was 55.00% with a range of 10%-90%. There was no correlation between RFS and any parameter of the 24-Hr pH-Impedance Test. RSI had a significant correlation with number of upright events (r value of 0.271, R2 of 0.0733 and P-value of 0.037), total symptoms experienced (r value of 0.0.267, R2 of 0.0715 and P-value of 0.041), and symptom correlation score (r value of -0.297, R2 of 0.0884 and P-value of 0.022). CONCLUSION: Many authors have expressed concerns about the reliability and validity of the RFS. In our study we found a fair/substantial interrater reliability, and a modest intra-rater reliability. We found no correlation between the RFS and 24-Hr pH Impedance testing. This study suggests that the concerns about the validity and reliability of the RFS may be warranted. This widely used clinical score should be interpreted with caution and further research and refinement should be considered.

Validation of the Malay version of Food Insecurity Experience Scale (M-FIES) using Rasch analysis

@#Introduction: Food security can be defined as the availability of and accessibility to food, acquired in an acceptable means at any given time and place in a way that could maintain health and wellbeing. One critical dimension of food security is continued access to adequate food. To measure this dimension, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) developed the latest measurement tool, namely the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), the first instrument to measure people who experience food insecurity globally. This study aimed to validate the construct validity and reliability of the Malay version of FIES (M-FIES) for Malaysians. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 145 households in Kuantan, Pahang. Rasch analysis was used to analyse the construct validity of FIES. Results: FIES met the Rasch model assumptions with all items having an infit value of between 0.7- 1.3 and an outfit value of <2.0. The item and person reliability were 0.97 and 0.71, respectively; while the item and person separation were 5.59 and 1.58, respectively. The FIES item severity indicated that the items “few food”, “healthy”, “skipped”, “ate less”, and “runout” were disordered. Conclusion: The M-FIES is a valid and reliable measurement tool for the food insecurity situation among households based on its construct validity assessed using the Rasch model. Furthermore, the severity of item in M-FIES was different in terms of order from the original FIES, suggesting that the same items may be interpreted differently due to cultural or societal differences.

Adaptation and Validation of the Voice-Related Quality of Life Measure into Kannada.

BACKGROUND: Earlier researchers have developed various objective tools to document the impact of dysphonia on the patient's daily living and quality of life. Of all these available tools, Voice Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) is one of the essential self-reported tools to document the quality of life related to voice. Thus, developing the Kannada version of V-RQOL can be a useful tool in the clinical assessment of Kannada-speaking dysphonic patients. OBJECTIVES: To translate the V-RQOL into Kannada and to evaluate the psychometric properties and the cut off scores for the Kannada version of the V-RQOL. STUDY DESIGN: This investigation deployed a non-randomized, prospective standard group comparison. METHODS: V-RQOL was translated to Kannada and was administered to 70 patients with voice disorders (42 males and 28 females) with a mean age of 43.2 ± 15.8 years, and 70 age and gender-matched participants with a clinically normal voice. RESULTS: Spearman's correlation coefficient was more than 0.94 indicating a good test-retest reliability. Therefore, the Kannada version of VRQOL had a good level of reproducibility. The test also showed a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.92, indicating a strong internal consistency of the Kannada version of VRQOL. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the cut off score for the Kannada version of VRQOL was 93.75 indicating that Kannada version of VRQOL had an excellent construct validity. CONCLUSION: The present study findings revealed that the Kannada version of VRQOL is a reliable, valid and sensitive self-assessment tool to document the impact of voice problems on the patient's quality of life.

Psychometric properties of the evidence-based practice mentorship scale.

BACKGROUND: Evidence-based practice (EBP) improves the quality of care, decreases healthcare costs, and improves job satisfaction. However, nurses and other clinicians, as well as their institutions, struggle to consistently implement EBP. The Advancing Research and Clinical practice through close Collaboration (ARCC©) Model established that a cadre of EBP mentors is key to improving EBP knowledge, beliefs, competency, and implementation in clinicians. Yet, there has not been a valid and reliable measure of EBP mentorship. AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the new 8-item EBP Mentorship Scale. This scale measures the degree to which clinicians perceive that EBP mentorship is available to them. METHODS: The EBP Mentorship Scale data were obtained from a previous national cross-sectional descriptive study with 2344 nurses from 19 hospitals and healthcare systems. Descriptive statistics summarized the sample and distributions of the scale items. Cronbach's alpha, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha of the scale was 0.99. A one-factor model was supported by EFA and retained for CFA. Model fit indices for CFA indicated a good fit. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: The new EBP Mentorship Scale is valid and reliable and can be used to assess the level of EBP mentorship support available in hospitals and healthcare systems. EBP mentors are key in sustaining an EBP organizational culture and enhancing clinician EBP knowledge, beliefs, competency, and implementation.

Urdu translation and validation of clinically useful anxiety outcome scale in Pakistan: 'An observational study'.

OBJECTIVE: To translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Clinically Useful Anxiety Outcome Scale on Urdu-speaking population. METHODS: The observational validation study was conducted in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan, from January 2018 to December 2019 in two phases. In the first phase, the Clinically Useful Anxiety Outcome Scale was forward and backward translated, while in the second phase, the translated scale was validated on a sample comprising subjects in clinical and nonclinical settings. Internal consistency and test-retest reliabilities were examined, and inter- group mean comparison was made. To find out the level of language equivalence between the original and the translated versions, a data were collected from a separate sample of bilingual participants. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. RESULTS: The Clinically Useful Anxiety Outcome Scale-Urdu was found to be internally consistent (α=0.95). Test-retest reliability of the translated scale was satisfactory (r=0.74). Significant correlational values for convergent and discriminant validity (r=0.76, r=-0.54, p<0-01) were observed.. Significant mean difference between clinical and non-clinical groups established the criterion-related validity of the Urdu translation. Language equivalence between the original and the translated versions showed non-significant mean differences (p>0.05) and significant correlation coefficients (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The Clinically Useful Anxiety Outcome Scale-Urdu was found to be a valid and reliable tool for measuring anxiety symptoms in Urdu-speaking populations.

Psychometric analysis of cognitive distortions scale-urdu on patients diagnosed with mental disorders.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the reliability and concurrent validity of Cognitive Distortions Scale-Urdu based on Beck's Cognitive Model of psychopathology on patients diagnosed with mental disorders. METHODS: The correlational study was conducted from June 15, 2019, to January 30, 2020, in Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised psychiatric patients of either gender aged 18-65 years from six government hospitals, including Mayo Hospital, Services Hospital, Punjab Institute of Mental Health, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Gulab Devi Hospital and the Combined Military Hospital. The participants completed the demographic information form and the Cognitive Distortions Scale-Urdu. The latter was re-administered after a gap of two weeks to determine its internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Feinstein Paranoia, Subjective Wellbeing and Siddiqui Shah Depression Scales were administered along with the Cognitive Distortions Scale-Urdu to determine its concurrent validity. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 24. RESULTS: Of the 106 patients, 56(52.8%) were recruited for reliability analysis with an overall mean age of 32.31±10.62 years, and 50(47.2%) for concurrent validity analysis with an overall mean age of 31.30±10.52 years. Correlation analysis indicated good internal consistency (α=0.87), test retest reliability (r=0.86) and moderately high concurrent validity of the scale (range: 0.44-0.89). CONCLUSIONS: The Cognitive Distortions Scale-Urdu was found to have sound psychometric properties and was suitable for researchers to obtain quantitative estimates of the frequency and intensity of cognitive distortions in clinical samples.

Developing a valid and reliable Perceived Global Future Scale.

PURPOSE: To develop a valid and reliable data collection tool to define individuals' perceptions of the global future. DESIGN AND METHODS: This methodological study was carried out on 870 participants in Istanbul, a city with the country's highest and most diverse population. FINDINGS: Content validity, construct validity, item analyses, and stability of the draft tool were tested. The seven-factor scale structure was confirmed. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was .93. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The Perceived Global Future Scale, consisting of 36 items and seven dimensions, was used. It is a valid and reliable tool to define perceptions of individuals on the global future.

Testing the reliability and validity of risk assessment methods in Human Factors and Ergonomics.

There is growing interest in the use of systems-based risk assessment methods in Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE). The purpose of this study was to test the intra-rater reliability and criterion-referenced concurrent validity of three systems-based risk assessment approaches: (i) the Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) method; (ii) the Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork Broken Links (EAST-BL) method; and, (iii) the Network Hazard Analysis and Risk Management System (Net-HARMS) method. Reliability and validity measures were obtained using the Signal Detection Theory (SDT) paradigm. Whilst STPA identified the highest number of risks, the findings indicate a weak to moderate level of reliability and validity for STPA, EAST-BL and Net-HARMS. There were no statistically significant differences between the methods across analyses. The results suggest that there is merit to the continued use of systems-based risk assessment methods following a series of methodological extensions that aim to enhance the reliability and validity of future applications. Practitioner summary The three risk assessment methods produced weak to moderate levels of stability and accuracy regarding their capability to predict risks. There is a pressing need to further test the reliability and validity of safety methods in Human Factors and Ergonomics.

Development and validation of the Professional Nursing Support Scale for Chinese patients with cancer.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop and test the psychometric properties of a Professional Nursing Support Scale for patients with cancer in mainland China. METHODS: The study was conducted in two phases from January 2017 to January 2020. Phase I involved item generation and developing a preliminary version of Professional Nursing Support Scale through literature review, qualitative interviews, content validity evaluation and a pilot study. Phase II involved psychometric properties testing of the Professional Nursing Support Scale in 700 patients with cancer recruited from four public hospitals in Anhui Province, China. RESULTS: A 49-item Professional Nursing Support Scale was finally developed. Exploratory factor analysis showed a four-factor structure of the 49-item Professional Nursing Support Scale, accounting for 56.95% of variance. Cronbach's α ranged from 0.91 to 0.94 for the four subscales. Confirmatory factor analysis further confirmed the best model fit of four-factor structure of the Professional Nursing Support Scale. The Professional Nursing Support Scale also showed an acceptable concurrent validity with Supportive Care Needs Scale short form 34 (r = 0.75, p < 0.001) and Psychological Distress Thermometer (r = 0.39, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The Professional Nursing Support Scale is a reliable and valid instrument to assess perceived needs of professional nursing support and support acquisition in relation to the care in Chinese patients with cancer.

Development and Validation of Culinary Nutrition Questionnaire to Assess Chefs’ Culinary Nutrition Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP)

@#Introduction: Culinary nutrition is a science that aims to apply nutritional concepts into culinary art to serve healthier foods. This study aimed to develop and validate a newly developed culinary nutrition questionnaire to assess chefs’ culinary nutrition knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP). Methods: The KAP questionnaire was developed to be consistent with the Malaysian Dietary Guideline (2010) and Malaysian ingredients. It consisted of 31 items and tested its content validity among four experts using Content Validity Index (CVI), followed by back-to-back-translation process. Finally, 180 chefs answered the questionnaire followed by statistical analysis to evaluate the construct validity using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and reliability using Cronbach alpha. Results: One item was deleted after content validity and four items were omitted after testing the construct validity because their lower factor loading value. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was derived from (EFA) for knowledge section is 0.631 with total variance 34.7%, attitude is 0.665 with total variance 53.1%, and practice section is 0.841 with total variance 54.6%. The total Cronbach alpha value was 0.712. The Cronbach alpha value for knowledge, attitude, and practice domains were 0.77, 0.73, and 0.88 respectively. Conclusion: The final draft of the questionnaire consisted of 26 items. The questionnaire is valid and reliable. This questionnaire is suitable to be used to assess chefs’ culinary nutrition knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP).

Development and Validation of a Comprehensive Tool for Assessing Postgraduate Students’ Oral Presentations: Importance of the Role of Ergonomics

@#Introduction: The aim of this exploratory sequential mixed methods study was to develop an oral presentations assessment tool for postgraduate students’ oral presentations. Methods: First, a literature review and the ideas of 319 experienced professors were used to identify domains and potential items to develop the desired tool. Then the psychometric properties of the preliminary tool were measured using face and content validity, inter-rater agreement and test-retest reliability. Results: The qualitative phase indicated there should be four domains in the developed Oral Presentations Assessment Tool: subject knowledge, delivery, content and organization, and ergonomics, and that items in the developed tool should be weighted according to importance for the efficacy of a presentation. The final version included 19 items across four domains. Mean content validity index and content validity ratio scores were 0.93 and 0.76, respectively. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient for the two evaluation periods was 0.92. The intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.78. Conclusion: The Oral Presentations Assessment Tool has appropriate psychometric properties and can be used as a valid and applicable instrument to assess postgraduate students’ oral presentations. Important cognitive factors in oral presentations in the form of an ergonomic domain was included for the first time, as part of this new comprehensive tool.

Urdu translation and validation of clinically useful depression outcome scale.

OBJECTIVE: To translate and validate the Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale for Urdu-speaking population. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Rawalpindi and Islamabad from January 2018 to November 2019. The process of translation and validation was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the scale was forward and backward translated. In the second phase two validation studies were conducted; one for computing Cronbach's alpha, test-retest reliability, and item-total correlation, and exploring convergent and discriminant validity; and the other for exploring linguistic equivalence between the original and the translated scale. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. RESULTS: The first validation study had 170 subjects; 85(50%) in clinical and 85(50%) in non-clinical settings. The translated scale was found to be internally consistent, and convergent and discriminant validity coefficients were significant (p<0.05). Mean difference between clinical and non-clinical groups was also significant (p<0.05), indicating the diagnostic capability of the translated scale. The second validation study, conducted on a separate sample of 82 bilingual participants, showed that the mean difference between the original and the translated version was non-significant (p>0.05), indicating that the Urdu version can be considered an equivalent to the original scale. CONCLUSIONS: The translated version of the Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale (CUDOS-Urdu) was found to be a reliable and valid instrument for measuring depressive symptoms in Urdu-speaking individuals.

The adaptation of Turkish health literacy scale for literate Syrian adult refugees living in Turkey: a reliability-validity study.

BACKGROUND: Turkey hosts the world's largest refugee population of whom 3.5 million are Syrians and this population has been continuously growing since the year 2011. This situation causes various problems, mainly while receiving health-care services. In planning the migrant health-care services, for the policy makers of host countries, health literacy level of migrants is an important measure. Determination of health literacy level of Syrian refugees in Turkey would be supportive for planning some interventions to increase health-care service utilization, as well as health education and health communication programs. An "original health literacy scale" for 18-60 years of age Turkish literate adults (Hacettepe University Health Literacy Scale-HLS) was developed to be used as a reference scale in 2018. Since it would be useful to compare the health literacy levels of Turkish adults with Syrian adult refugees living in Turkey with an originally developed scale, in this study, it was aimed to adapt the HLS-Short Form for Syrian refugees. METHODS: This methodological study was carried out between the years 2019-2020 in three provinces of Turkey where the majority of Syrians reside. The data was collected by pre-trained, Arabic speaking 12 interviewers and three supervisors via a questionnaire on household basis. At first, the original Scale and questionnaire were translated into Arabic and back translated into the original language. The questionnaire and the Scale were pre-tested among 30 Syrian refugees in Ankara province. A total of 1254 refugees were participated into the main part of the study; 47 health-worker participants were excluded from the validity-reliability analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed. Cronbach's alpha and Spearman-Brown coefficients were calculated. RESULTS: Of the participants, 52.9% was male; 26.1% had secondary education level or less; almost half of them had moderate economic level; 27.5% could not speak Turkish. The Cronbach's Alpha was 0.75, Spearman-Brown Coefficient was 0.76; RMSEA = 0.073, CFI = 0.93, TLI = 0.92 and GFI = 0.95 for the Scale. The Cronbach's Alpha was 0.76, Spearman-Brown Coefficient was 0.77; RMSEA = 0.085, CFI = 0.93, TLI = 0.91 and GFI = 0.95 for self-efficacy part. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the adapted HLS would be a reliable instrument to evaluate the health-literacy level of Syrian refugees living in Turkey and could allow for a comparison of the host country's health literacy level to that of the refugees using the same scale.

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the lymphedema symptom intensity and distress survey.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to adapt the Lymphedema Symptom Intensity and Distress Survey- Arm (LSIDS-Arm) into Turkish and to test its validity and reliability. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between September 2017 and July 2018, this descriptive, methodological study included a total of 186 women (mean age: 55.4±10.2 years; range, 20 to 80 years) who were diagnosed with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) and followed in the lymphedema outpatient clinic. Data were collected using sociodemographic and clinical features form, LSIDS-Arm, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment-Breast Cancer Scale+4 (FACT-B+4). After the linguistic and content validity of the scale was achieved, confirmatory factor analysis and known-groups validation were utilized to test the construct validity. Reliability of the survey was tested using the Cronbach alpha and Spearman Brown coefficient, item analysis, and parallel forms reliability. RESULTS: All patients completed the questionnaire. After achievement of linguistic and content validity, confirmatory factor analysis results were found to be higher than the accepted value. Known-groups validation revealed a significant difference in the mean scores for the intensity and distress scales between the patients with and without lymphedema. Cronbach alpha for the subscales ranged from 0.61 to 0.86. Parallel forms reliability showed a moderate, significant correlation between subscales of the intensity and distress scales of the survey and the subscales of FACT-B+4. CONCLUSION: The Turkish version of the survey is valid and reliable and can be used to evaluate symptoms, severity of symptoms, and distress caused by BCRL symptoms in the Turkish women.

Psychosocial issues of hearing impaired school children: a psychometric approach.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a valid and reliable scale for measuring psychosocial issues of hearing-impaired school children. METHODS: The cross-sectional study with four stage model of scale development was conducted at Multan, Muzafargarh, and Dera Ghazi Khan Pakistan from August 2018 to January 2019. The four stages were item generation, expert validation, conversion of scale into sign language and psychometric study. The sample comprised hearing-impaired school children aged 18-23 years who were studying Special Education schools in Multan, Pakistan. RESULTS: Of the 230 subjects, there were 110(47.8%) boys and 120(52.2%) girls. The overall mean age was 19.90±2.46 years. Exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation revealed 26 items in 'Depressive Affect', 'Social Isolation' and 'Feeling of Anger' sub-scales with high internal consistency (r=0.85) and validity (r=-0.32). CONCLUSIONS: The internalised nature of psychosocial issues of children with hearing impairment needs timely identification and intervention so that silent suffering can be prevented to improve psychosocial functioning of such children.

Adaptação transcultural, confiabilidade e validade da versão Kannada do questionário de crenças, medo e evitação em dor lombar crônica / Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of Kannada version of Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire in chronic low back pain

As Atividades da Vida Diária (AVD) entre pessoas com Dor Lombar Crônica (DLC) pode ser determinada pelo Questionário de Crenças, Medo e Evitação (FABQ em inglês) . O FABQ é um questionário de autorrelato válido e confiável que avalia atitudes e crenças do paciente em relação ao efeito da atividade física e dos trabalhos em sua dor lombar. Até a presente data foi traduzido para vários idiomas, mas não está disponível em Kannada. OBJETIVO: Traduzir e estudar a confiabilidade e validade do questionário FABQ para o Kannada (FABQ-KA). MÉTODOS: Tradução e adaptação transcultural realizadas de acordo com os procedimentos recomendados internacionalmente: tradução, síntese, retrotradução, revisão por comitê de especialistas, pré-teste e avaliação por comitê consultivo. A validação de conteúdo foi realizada por um painel de 10 membros pré-identificados que eram especialistas no uso do Kannada e do Inglês. Eles receberam cinco opções, "concordo", "concordo totalmente", "neutro", "discordo" e "discordo totalmente". As propriedades psicométricas foram testadas pela administração do questionário a uma amsotra com 60 participantes (18 a 75 anos), recrutados por amostragem de conveniência. Para a confiabilidade testereteste, as pessoas com DLC foram testadas após uma semana pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC) e a consistência interna foi avaliada pelo alfa de Cronbach (α). RESULTADOS: As dimensões demográficas , idade, altura, peso e IMC para a amostra de DLC (n = 60) foram 41,50 ± 10,59 (anos), 154,37 ± 10,74 (cm), 62 ± 11,04 (kg) e 25,99 ± 4,47 (kg) / m 2 ) respectivamente, com duração de DLC de 20,35 ± 13,62 semanas. A validade de conteúdo do FABQ-KA pelos 10 especialistas foi considerada, I-CVI de itens individuais de FABQ-KA ≥ 0,80 e o S-CVI geral para equivalência idiomática (S-CVI = 89,9 ± 6,33)%, , semântica equivalente (S-CVI = 93 ± 5,16)% e o conteúdo relevante (S-CVI = 90,7 ± 6,61)%. foram ≥ 0,90 ou (≥ 90%). A confiabilidade teste-teste do FABQ-KA foi boa ( ICC (2,1) = 0,83 ). A consistência interna foi boa (alfa de Cronbach = 0,91 ). CONCLUSÃO: Os processos de tradução e adaptação do FABQ-KA foram bem-sucedidos; o instrumento adaptado demonstrou boas propriedades psicométricas. O FABQ-KA provou ser uma ferramenta confiável e válida e pode ser usado em pacientes que falam Kann ada com CLBP.

Activity of daily living (ADL) among the people with Chronic low back pain (CLBP) can be determined by Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ). The Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) is a valid and reliable self-reporting questionnaire evaluating the patient's attitude and beliefs toward the effect of physical activity and works on their LBP. Till the date it was translated into various languages but is not available in Kannada language. Hence, we aimed to translate FABQ questionnaire into Kannada (FABQ-KA) and to study reliability and validity of Kannada version, FABQKA. METHODS: Translation and cross-culture adaptation were performed according to the guidelines followed internationally. Those are: translation, synthesis, back-translation, revision by expert committee, pretesting and appraisal by advisory committee. Content validation was excuted by the panel of 10 pre-identified members who were experts in using Kannada and English. They were provided with five options, "agree", "strongly agree", "neutral", "disagree" and "strongly disagree". for providing their valuable opinion regarding kannada translated content of FABQ-KA. The psychometric properties were tested by administering the questionnaire to 60 samples (18 to 75 years) was recruited by Purposive sampling. For test-retest reliability, people with CLBP were tested after a week by Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha (α). RESULTS: The demographic dimensions, age, height, weight and BMI for patients with CLBP recruited, n=60 were 41.50±10.59 (Years), 154.37±10.74 (cm), 62±11.04 (kg) and 25.99±4.47 (kg/m2) respectively with duration of LBP of 20.35±13.62 weeks. The content validity of kannada translated FABQ-KA by a panel of 10 experts were found to be, I-CVI of individual items of FABQ-KA ≥ 0.80 and the overall S-CVI for idiomatic equivalence (S-CVI =89.9±6.33)%,, semantic equivalence (S-CVI =93±5.16)% and content relevance(S-CVI=90.7±6.61)%. were ≥ 0.90 or (≥ 90%). The test-retest reliability of FABQ-KA was good (ICC (2,1) = 0.83). Internal consistency was found to be good (Cronbach's alpha = 0.91). CONCLUSIONS: The FABQ-KA translation and adaptation processes were successful; the adapted instrument demonstrated good psychometric properties. The FABQ-KA has proven to be reliable and valid tool and can be used in the Kannada speaking patients with CLBP.