Financiamento de pesquisas sobre dengue no Brasil, 2004-2020 / Funding for research on dengue in Brazil, 2004-2020

RESUMO A dengue representa um importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil devido às constantes epidemias causadas pela doença no País. Este estudo objetivou analisar o financiamento de pesquisas sobre dengue pelo Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia do Ministério da Saúde e parceiros no período de 2004 a 2020. Analisou-se a tendência do financiamento por regressão linear generalizada do tipo Prais-Winster e sua distribuição entre as regiões e Unidades Federadas brasileiras, modalidades de contratação das pesquisas, instituições beneficiadas e temas estudados. Entre 2004 e 2020, financiaram-se 232 pesquisas (R$ 164,03 milhões), realizadas, em sua maioria, em instituições da região Sudeste (77,55%), abordando especialmente a temática controle vetorial (37,93%). A tendência de financiamento foi estacionária nos anos estudados. As chamadas estaduais foram a principal forma de modalidade de contratação das pesquisas (65,95%). Houve diferença estatisticamente significante na distribuição do valor financiado entre as modalidades de contratação, bem como no número de pesquisas financiadas e valor financiado entre as regiões brasileiras. Esses achados demonstram a importância de monitorar o financiamento de pesquisas sobre dengue no Brasil e de implementar estratégias de avaliação das pesquisas financiadas, para subsidiar e aprimorar a política de enfrentamento da doença e de seu vetor.

ABSTRACT Dengue represents an important public health problem in Brazil, due to the constant epidemics caused by the disease in the country. This study aimed to analyze the funding of research on dengue by the Department of Science and Technology of the Ministry of Health of Brazil and partners between 2004 to 2020. Was analyzed the trend of the funding by generalized linear regression using Prais-Winster and its distribution between Brazilian regions and Federated Units, research contracting modalities, benefited institutions, and studied themes. Between 2004 and 2020, 232 research studies were funded (R$ 164.03 million), carried out mostly in institutions in the Southeast Region (77.55%), addressing especially the vector control theme (37.93%). The funding trend was stationary in the years studied. The state calls were the main form of contracting modality for the research (65.95%). There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of the loan amount between the contracting modalities, and in the number of researches funded and loan amount among Brazilian regions. These findings demonstrate the importance of monitoring the research funding on dengue in Brazil and of implementing strategies to evaluate the research funded, to support and improve the policy to combat the disease and its vector.

Prioridades nacionales de investigación en salud bucal, Perú 2022-2026: proceso, experiencias y perspectivas / National priorities for oral health research, Peru 2022-2026: process, experiences and perspectives

El Instituto Nacional de Salud, ha llevado a cabo por primera vez el proceso de identificación de Prioridades Nacionales de Investigación en Salud Bucal a cargo de la Subdirección de Investigación y Laboratorios de Enfermedades No Transmisibles del Centro Nacional de Salud Pública con la asesoría técnica de la Dirección de Investigación e Innovación en Salud y en coordinación con la Dirección Ejecutiva de Salud Bucal de la Dirección General de Intervenciones Estratégicas en Salud Pública del Ministerio de Salud mediante metodología participativa de tres actores claves: investigadores/especialistas, expertos y decisores. El objetivo de este artículo es describir el proceso seguido para la identificación de estas prioridades, el cual comprendió cinco fases: i) identificación de objetivos estratégicos del MINSA, ii) identificación de necesidades de investigación en salud bucal, iii) revisión por expertos y valoración de las necesidades según criterios, iv) priorización (valoración de la lista de prioridades según calificación) y v) presentación de las prioridades. Como resultado se obtuvieron las 12 prioridades que posteriormente fueron aprobadas por Resolución Ministerial N.° 262-2022/MINSA, con un periodo de vigencia 2022-2026. Además, se brindaron recomendaciones para futuros procesos.

The National Institute of Health has, for the first time, identified National Priorities for Oral Health Research, this process was carried out by the Subdirectorate of Research and Laboratories of Noncommunicable Diseases of the National Center for Public Health with the technical advice of the Directorate of Research and Innovation in Health and in coordination with the Executive Directorate of Oral Health of the General Directorate of Strategic Interventions in Public Health of the Ministry of Health, using a participatory methodology with three key actors: researchers/specialists, experts and decision-makers. This article aims to describe the process used to identify these priorities, which consisted of five phases: i) identification of the strategic objectives of the Ministry of Health, ii) identification of needs in oral health research, iii) review by experts and assessment of needs according to criteria and v) presentation of the priorities. As a result, 12 priorities were obtained, which were subsequently approved by Ministerial Resolution No. 262-2022/MINSA, for a period of 2022-2026. In addition, we provide recommendations for future processes.

Organized Scientific Diaspora and Its Contributions to Science Diplomacy in Emerging Economies: The Case of Latin America and the Caribbean.

The current knowledge society has driven an unprecedented mobility of people, especially scientists, from emerging economies to developed countries. This mobility can allow the development of human talent and the access to first class infrastructure and resources, but it can also mean a loss for emerging economies due to the phenomenon of brain drain. To counteract this situation, some countries in Latin America and the Caribbean have developed models for the articulation of their scientific diaspora in projects and programs, with the aim of exchanging knowledge and capitalizing on human and technical resources to advance science, technology and innovation systems. Likewise, science diplomacy has become a tool for interlinking the work of various actors in order to advance the solution of national, transnational or global problems through scientific advice. Scientific diasporas are vital in new structures of cooperation, enabling them to innovate and solve problems jointly, advising their countries of origin and articulating policies and programs. This research seeks to analyze the interactions and initiatives identified between the organized scientific diaspora from Latin America and the Caribbean and their countries of origin in relation to science diplomacy processes, providing recommendations and proposals for public policy to improve the interaction between the diaspora and the governments of their countries of origin. Results show that diaspora organizations from Latin America and the Caribbean engage with governmental and non-state actors and are active science diplomacy stakeholders promoting the scientific developments of their country or their researchers, as well as enabling access to research resources creating alliances for scientific, institutional and academic collaborations. In the cases studied, these efforts are planned and executed by the diaspora without responding to any science diplomacy strategy of the country. Policies and programs are needed to effectively link the scientific diaspora organizations to the interests of the countries.

Contributing to the advancement of the state-of-the-art in biodiversity research: the role of FAPESP in the last 60 years / Contribuindo para o avanço do estado da arte da pesquisa em biodiversidade: o papel da FAPESP nos últimos 60 anos

Abstract Since its creation in 1960, the São Paulo State Research Foundation (FAPESP) has been supporting biodiversity research; however, in the early years, this large umbrella was still divided into botany, ecology, and zoology. This support became more effective by the establishment of the Research Program on Characterization, Conservation, and Sustainable Use of the Biodiversity of São Paulo State, better known as the BIOTA/FAPESP Program, in 1999. The program adopted the definition of biodiversity of the Convention on Biological Diversity and focused on 4 priorities: a) advancing scientific knowledge about Brazilian biodiversity; b) training high-level personnel (master's degrees, PhDs and postdocs) to carry out biodiversity research; c) transferring the advancement of knowledge to improve public policies on biodiversity conservation and restoration; and d) transferring private sector knowledge to economically explore the potential of Brazilian biodiversity by using it sustainably. This paper summarizes the major achievements of the BIOTA/FAPESP Program, now entering its third decade of existence.

Resumo: Desde sua criação em 1960, a Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) vem apoiando a pesquisa em biodiversidade, embora nos primeiros anos este grande guarda-chuva tenha sido dividido em botânica, ecologia e zoologia. Este apoio tornou-se mais efetivo com a criação em 1999 do Programa de Pesquisa em Caracterização, Conservação e Uso Sustentável da Biodiversidade do Estado de São Paulo, mais conhecido como Programa BIOTA/FAPESP. O Programa adotou a definição de biodiversidade da Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica, e focalizou em 4 prioridades: a) o avanço do conhecimento científico sobre a biodiversidade brasileira, b) o treinamento pessoal de alto nível (mestrado, doutorado e pós-doutorado) para a realização de pesquisas em biodiversidade, c) a transferência do avanço do conhecimento para melhorar as políticas públicas de conservação e restauração da biodiversidade, d) a transferência para o setor privado do conhecimento para explorar economicamente o potencial da biodiversidade brasileira, utilizando-o de forma sustentável. Este documento resume as principais realizações do Programa BIOTA/FAPESP, atualmente denominado Programa de Pesquisa em Caracterização, Conservação, Restauração e Uso Sustentável da Biodiversidade, agora entrando em sua terceira década de existência.

Comportamiento de la pesquisa activa estudiantil en el Policlínico Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy

Introducción: En la prevención de la COVID-19, es clave la pesquisa activa a la población, esta actividad no solo deberá estar encaminada a la detección precoz de casos sospechosos, sino también debe constituir una herramienta de comunicación. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento de la pesquisa activa estudiantil para el enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 en el Policlínico Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy de la provincia Santiago de Cuba. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, en el consultorio fueron ubicados ocho estudiantes, se tuvo en cuenta el requisito de vivir dentro o cercano a él, se excluyeron los estudiantes que participaron en los centros de aislamiento o zona roja, además de las embarazadas o aquellos que presentaron alguna enfermedad que le impidiera participar en la pesquisa; la muestra estuvo constituida por 437 viviendas y una población de 1 071 habitantes. Resultados: Predominaron los estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina. Se observó superioridad del sexo femenino en la población pesquisada. El 45,7 % de la población teníariesgos a la enfermedad, con significación del sexo femenino, la hipertensión arterial estaba presente en el 52,5 % de los pesquisados, seguida de la diabetes. Entre los síntomas predominaron la tos, secreción nasal y fiebre. Se reportaron 13 positivos, del grupo de edades entre 20 a 39 años, el más representativo con siete pacientes y en cuanto al sexonueve féminas; la mayor cantidad de positivos correspondieron al mes de febrero con 10 para un 76,9 %. Conclusiones: La pesquisa realizada por los estudiantes permitió identificar los síntomas y signos relacionados con la COVID-19, en cada de uno de los pacientes sospechosos y específicamente los vulnerables, garantizando un diagnóstico precoz para la debida atención de la enfermedad.

Introduction: In the prevention of COVID-19, active search of the population is key, this activity should not only be aimed at the early detection of suspected cases, but should also be a communication tool. Objective: To describe the experiences of the student active search developed in the Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy Teaching Polyclinic, in Santiago de Cuba. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in the Office, 8 students were located, taking into account the requirement to live in or near it, students who participated in isolation centers or red zones were excluded, in addition to pregnant women or those who had a disease that prevented them from participating in the research; the sample consisted of 437 dwellings and a population of 1,071 inhabitants. Results: Predominance of the students of the Medicine career was observed. A superiority of the female sex was observed in the surveyed population. The 45.7% of the population has risks to the disease, with significance of the female sex, arterial hypertension is presented in 52.5% of those surveyed, followed by diabetes. Among the symptoms, cough, runny nose and fever predominated. 13 positives were reported, being the age group between 20 to 39 years, the most representative with 7 patients, and in terms of sex 9 females; the largest number of positives belongs to the month of February with 10 (76.9%). Conclusions: The research carried out by the students made it possible to identify the symptoms and signs related to COVID-19, in each of the suspected patients and specifically the vulnerable ones, guaranteeing an early diagnosis for proper care of the disease.

Science Diplomacy in Emerging Economies: A Phenomenological Analysis of the Colombian Case.

Little has been investigated about Science Diplomacy (SD) in emerging economies, more specifically on governance schemes useful for organizing intersecting actors, practices, conceptions and suggestions of the future in foreign affairs and Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) in public administration sectors. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the "texture and nature" of SD initiatives in emerging economies through the eyes of relevant actors involved or reflecting about them in Colombia. The aim of this paper is to propose a general governance scheme for SD in emerging economies and its potential instrumentation for a policy-mix. In Colombia, SD initiatives are very fragmented, and are not part of the priorities of the Colombian state, however the increasing interest of an embryonic practitioner and scholar community working in the topic make necessary this work. A phenomenological perspective combined with a single case study research methodology is used to gain a very accurate description of the state of the situation of SD in Colombia. Policy document review and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 relevant actors to understand the conceptions, practices, and suggestions for the future of SD in Colombia. The study results show that SD actors in Colombia are scattered, practices strongly related to traditional cooperation diplomatic activities and the need to give a function to SD for capacity building, better global intermediation and the development of new knowledge, in particular promoting SD abilities in the scientific community. In addition, data expresses the need to cultivate a multi-stakeholder working group for such a purpose. The study reflects on the need of a policy mix for SD in emerging economies. It proposes a general governance scheme for it, a potential instrumentation founded on research participant future suggestions, and a set of practical recommendations and policy implications. Conclusions and further research questions are set, pointing out the importance of including non-conventional diplomacy actors and knowledge, and the need to inquire rationales behind possible SD policy mixes in the southern world.

A decade of Ecuador´s efforts to raise its health research output: a bibliometric analysis.

Background: Over the past decade, the political movement called 'Revolución Ciudadana' implemented a variety of policies and interventions (P&I) in Ecuador to improve higher education and strengthen local research capacity. We refer specifically to the 'Mandato 14' and the Higher Education Law (LOES, Spanish acronym) launched in 2008 and 2010, respectively. Objective: To assess the impact of these P&I (Mandato 14/LOES) on the production of health sciences-related articles (HSRA), and the relationship of these HSRA with the country's health priorities. Methods: A Scopus search was performed to retrieve HSRA published from 1999 to 2017. Bivariate analysis was used to assess variation between the period I (1999-2008) and period II (2009-2017). Further, we examined the association between the top 10 causes of mortality and the total HSRA output. Results: The final study sample consisted of 2784 articles. After 2008, Ecuadorian production of HSRA increased steadily from 671 to 2133 publications (p<.001). Overall (1999-2017), the most common study design was cross-sectional (32.3%), the primary research focus was in the clinical-surgical area (49.3%), and the academic institutions were the primary drivers of scientific production during period II (56.9% vs. 29.5%, p<.001). Further, we found a decrease in the production of randomized controlled trials (6.7% vs. 1.8%, p<.001). Only 9% of research production involved the primary causes of mortality, and the proportion has remained unchanged over time (8.2% vs. 9.3%, p>.05). Conclusions: Ecuadorian HSRA output increased significantly after 2008. This larger volume of scientific output could be the result to the Mandato 14/LOES implemented in the last decade. However, a low percentage of HSRA are dedicated to addressing the country's health priorities. Proper planning, execution and monitoring of national health research agendas would reduce the mismatch between health burden and the HSRA output in Ecuador and other low-and middle-income countries.

El estado del sistema de evaluación ética de las investigaciones en Argentina y su adaptación a la pandemia de la COVID-19 / Research ethics review system state in Argentina and the adaptation in response to the COVID-19 pandemic

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN un sistema de evaluación ética de las investigaciones en seres humanos es esencial para proteger los derechos de los participantes. Los desafíos impuestos por la pandemia de la COVID-19 para conducir investigaciones éticas que produzcan resultados con rapidez demuestran la necesidad de fortalecerlo. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el estado de situación de los sistemas de evaluación ética de las provincias de Argentina y las adaptaciones realizadas por la pandemia. MÉTODOS se realizó una encuesta a los comités provinciales de ética en investigación o áreas similares de los ministerios de Salud que ejercen la vigilancia sobre la evaluación ética de las investigaciones de su jurisdicción. RESULTADOS respondieron 16 de las 17 provincias encuestadas. El 93,7% de los comités provinciales evalúa investigaciones en seres humanos y tiene procedimientos operativos estandarizados (POE). El 68,7% lleva un registro de los comités de ética en investigación (CEI) de su jurisdicción. Un 75% acredita a los CEI y un 68,7% los supervisa. El 100% tiene un registro de las investigaciones en salud; en 56,2% de los casos este registro es público. Del total, 81,2% realizan actividades de capacitación. El 100% adaptó los POE para evaluar estudios sobre la COVID-19. DISCUSIÓN los resultados muestran sistemas provinciales consolidados. Se requiere fortalecer la transparencia en la investigación mediante el registro público de las investigaciones. Se identificaron posibilidades de mejora para proponer acciones a futuro.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION a research ethics system is essential to protect the rights of research participants. The challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic to conduct research ethically to produce rapid results have demonstrated the need to strengthen this system. The objective of this study was to describe the state of the research ethics system of the Provinces of Argentina and the adaptations made due to the pandemic. METHOD: a survey was conducted with provincial research ethics committees or similar areas within the Ministries of Health of the provinces responsible for the oversight of research ethics review under their jurisdiction. RESULTS sixteen of the 17 provinces surveyed responded. 93.7% of the provincial committees review human research and have standard operating procedures (SOPs). 68.7% register the research ethics committees (REC) in their jurisdiction. Seventy-five percent accredit RECs and 68.7% supervise them. 100% have a registry of health research in the jurisdiction, only 56.2% have public access. 81.2% carry out training activities. 100% adapted the SOPs to evaluate studies on COVID-19. DISCUSSION the results show consolidated provincial systems. Transparency in research needs to be strengthened through public registration of research. Possibilities for improvement were identified to propose future actions.

El estado del sistema de evaluación ética de las investigaciones en Argentina y su adaptación a la pandemia de la COVID-19 / Research ethics review system state in Argentina and the adaptation in response to the COVID-19 pandemic

INTRODUCCIÓN: un sistema de evaluación ética de las investigaciones en seres humanos es esencial para proteger los derechos de los participantes. Los desafíos impuestos por la pandemia de la COVID-19 para conducir investigaciones éticas que produzcan resultados con rapidez demuestran la necesidad de fortalecerlo. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el estado de situación de los sistemas de evaluación ética de las provincias de Argentina y las adaptaciones realizadas por la pandemia. MÉTODOS: se realizó una encuesta a los comités provinciales de ética en investigación o áreas similares de los ministerios de Salud que ejercen la vigilancia sobre la evaluación ética de las investigaciones de su jurisdicción. RESULTADOS: respondieron 16 de las 17 provincias encuestadas. El 93,7% de los comités provinciales evalúa investigaciones en seres humanos y tiene procedimientos operativos estandarizados (POE). El 68,7% lleva un registro de los comités de ética en investigación (CEI) de su jurisdicción. Un 75% acredita a los CEI y un 68,7% los supervisa. El 100% tiene un registro de las investigaciones en salud; en 56,2% de los casos este registro es público. Del total, 81,2% realizan actividades de capacitación. El 100% adaptó los POE para evaluar estudios sobre la COVID-19. DISCUSIÓN: los resultados muestran sistemas provinciales consolidados. Se requiere fortalecer la transparencia en la investigación mediante el registro público de las investigaciones. Se identificaron posibilidades de mejora para proponer acciones a futuro

INTRODUCTION: a research ethics system is essential to protect the rights of research participants. The challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic to conduct research ethically to produce rapid results have demonstrated the need to strengthen this system. The objective of this study was to describe the state of the research ethics system of the Provinces of Argentina and the adaptations made due to the pandemic. METHOD: a survey was conducted with provincial research ethics committees or similar areas within the Ministries of Health of the provinces responsible for the oversight of research ethics review under their jurisdiction. RESULTS: sixteen of the 17 provinces surveyed responded. 93.7% of the provincial committees review human research and have standard operating procedures (SOPs). 68.7% register the research ethics committees (REC) in their jurisdiction. Seventy-five percent accredit RECs and 68.7% supervise them. 100% have a registry of health research in the jurisdiction, only 56.2% have public access. 81.2% carry out training activities. 100% adapted the SOPs to evaluate studies on COVID-19. DISCUSSION: the results show consolidated provincial systems. Transparency in research needs to be strengthened through public registration of research. Possibilities for improvement were identified to propose future actions.

The north-south policy divide in transnational healthcare: a comparative review of policy research on medical tourism in source and destination countries.

Medical tourism occupies different spaces within national policy frameworks depending on which side of the transnational paradigm countries belong to, and how they seek to leverage it towards their developmental goals. This article draws attention to this policy divide in transnational healthcare through a comparative bibliometric review of policy research on medical tourism in select source (Canada, United States and United Kingdom) and destination countries (Mexico, India, Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore), using a systematic search of the Web of Science (WoS) database and review of grey literature. We assess cross-national differences in policy and policy research on medical tourism against contextual policy landscapes and challenges, and examine the convergence between research and policy. Our findings indicate major disparities in development agendas and national policy concerns, both between and among source and destination countries. Further, we find that research on medical tourism does not always address prevailing policy challenges, just as the policy discourse oftentimes neglects relevant policy research on the subject. Based on our review, we highlight the limited application of theoretical policy paradigms in current medical tourism research and make the case for a comparative policy research agenda for the field.

Prioridades, conquistas e desafios na gestão de uma comissão da Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva / Priorities, achievements, and challenges in the management of a committee of the Brazilian Association of Collective Health

RESUMO Dando continuidade a iniciativas para tornar a Comissão de Ciências Sociais e Humanas em Saúde da Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (Abrasco) mais inclusiva e plural, como o ciclo de simpósios na gestão 2014-2016, a experiência de gestão nessa Comissão no período de 2017-2019 é apresentada com o objetivo de destacar suas prioridades, conquistas e desafios. Uma análise documental de planos diretores e registros de atividades promovidas pela Comissão em eventos científicos foi conduzida, resultando na divisão do texto em três partes: uma análise comparativa de seu Plano Diretor atual; uma lista das atividades promovidas pela Comissão em eventos científicos; uma discussão sobre a avaliação da produção científica. A renovação dos representantes de instituições que integram a Comissão resultou no aumento do número de integrantes, bem como da diversidade regional, tornando-a a única das comissões da Abrasco com representação institucional em todas as regiões do País. Essa expansão se deu em meio a um contexto singular na política científica nacional, já que os critérios de avaliação da produção científica vigentes, predominantemente quantitativos, estavam sendo contestados.

ABSTRACT Continuing initiatives to make the Committee of Social and Human Sciences of the Brazilian Association of Collective Health (Abrasco) more inclusive and plural, such as the cycle of symposia during the administration 2014-2016, the management experience in this Committee during the period 2017-2019 will be presented with the purpose of highlighting its priorities, achievements, and challenges. A documental analysis of the master plans and records of activities promoted by this Committee at scientific events was conducted, resulting in the division of the text in three parts: a comparative analysis of its current Master Plan; a list of the activities promoted by this Committee at scientific events; a discussion on the evaluation of scientific production. The renewal of the institutions' representatives that are part of the Committee increased the number of memberships as well as a bigger regional diversity, which made this Committee the only of the three committees in the Association with institutional representation in all regions of the country. This expansion occurred in the middle of a very singular context in the national scientific policy, since the prevailing evaluation criteria of scientific production, usually quantitative, were being questioned.

(In)visibilidades da saúde da população LGBT no Programa de Pesquisa para o SUS (PPSUS), Brasil / (In)visibility of the health concerning the LGBT population in the Research Program for the SUS (PPSUS), Brazil / (In)visibilidades de la salud de la población LGBT en el Programa de Investigación para el SUS (PPSUS), Brasil

Uma das importantes conquistas para consolidação da democracia no Brasil foi a criação e a efetivação da Lei de Acesso à Informação (LAI). Neste artigo, interessa relacionar a LAI, a institucionalização da Política Nacional de Informação e Informática em Saúde e o Programa de Pesquisa para o SUS (PPSUS), privilegiando as Fundações de Amparo à Pesquisa (FAP), um dos atores deste Programa do Ministério da Saúde (MS). O método utilizado para o estudo foi a realização de um levantamento de editais publicados e de projetos de pesquisa contemplados no PPSUS, voltados para a instituição da Política Nacional de Saúde Integral de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais (PNSILGBT). Ao observar, nos sites das instituições mencionadas, os registros de projetos de pesquisa relacionados à saúde da população LGBT, valorizou-se a dimensão da usabilidade, apreendendo desorganização nas apresentações dos editais e dos resultados, o que proporciona ineficiência na sua operacionalização e na funcionalidade das formulações de políticas no campo da saúde.

One of the important achievements for consolidation of the democracy in Brazil was the LAI ­ Lei de Acesso à Informação (access to information law) passed by Brazilian government and its implementation. In this article, we intend to examine how the LAI, the institutionalization of the Política Nacional de Informação e Informática em Saúde (a national policy on health information) and the PPSUS ­ Programa de Pesquisa para o SUS (research program for the SUS) are related, favouring the FAP ­ Fundações de Amparo à Pesquisa (foundations for research support), one of the actors of this program developed by Ministry of Health of Brazil. A survey of published call for proposals and research projects selected by the PPSUS aiming the institution of the PNSILGBT ­ Política Nacional de Saúde Integral de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais (national integral health policy for lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transvestites and transsexuals) was carried out. Observing the research registers about the health of the LGBT population on sites of mentioned institutions, from the perspective of the usability dimension, we identified a disorganization in the presentations of the call for proposals and their result, providing inefficiency in their viability and in the performance of the policy formulation in health field aiming the LGBT population.

Una de las importantes conquistas para la consolidación de la democracia brasileña fue la creación y la realización de la LAI - Lei de Acesso à Informação (ley de acceso a la información). En este artículo buscamos relacionar la LAI, la institucionalización de la Política Nacional de Informação e Informática em Saúde (política nacional de información en salud) y el PPSUS - Programa de Pesquisa para o SUS (programa de investigación para el SUS), privilegiando las FAP - Fundações de Amparo à Pesquisa (fundaciones de auxilio a la investigación), uno de los actores de este programa del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil. El método utilizado para el estudio apresentado aquí ha sido un levantamiento de llamadas públicas y de proyectos de investigación seleccionados en el PPSUS, destinados a la institución de la PNSILGBT ­ Política Nacional de Saúde Integral de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais (política nacional de salud integral de lesbianas, gays, bisexuales, travestis y transexuales. Al observar, en lo portal de las instituciones mencionadas, registros de proyectos de investigación relacionados con la salud de la población LGBT, del punto de vista de la dimensión de la usabilidad, concluimos que hay desorganización en las presentaciones de las llamadas públicas y de los resultados, lo que proporciona ineficiencia en su realización y en la funcionalidad de las formulaciones de políticas del gobierno en el campo de la salud.

Regulación, evaluación y uso racional de tecnologías sanitarias: el caso de los derivados de Cannabis Medicinal / Regulation, Assessment and Rational Use of Health Technologies: The Case of Medical Cannabis Derivatives

INTRODUCCIÓN: Desde 2016 se sancionaron y reglamentaron leyes sobre cannabis medicinal en Argentina. El cannabis es una droga psicoactiva que posee cientos de compuestos; el delta-9-tetrahidrocannabinol (THC) y el cannabidiol (CBD) son los de mayor interés terapéutico. El objetivo del estudio fue describir el proceso de incorporación del cannabis en distintas provincias argentinas. MÉTODOS: Se relevó el marco legal, evidencias científicas, participación de los decisores, pacientes, ONG, protocolos de implementación, convenios, gestiones por importación, judicializaciones y normativas nacionales vigentes para la adquisición. RESULTADOS: Entre 2016 y 2017, cinco provincias sancionaron leyes sobre cannabis medicinal, algunas de ellas realizando consultas mutuas y compartiendo informes. En 2017 se sancionó la Ley Nacional 27350, reglamentada parcialmente. El uso de CBD en la epilepsia refractaria es la indicación con mayor evidencia de efectividad en estudios científicos, lo que se refleja en la mayoría de las legislaciones. En el país no se comercializan legalmente preparados de CBD, que deben importarse por vía de excepción y autorización de la Administración Nacional de Medicamentos, Alimentos y Tecnología Médica. CONCLUSIONES: Es necesaria una política sanitaria que ofrezca mayor beneficio que riesgo y documentar los resultados en los pacientes tratados. RedArets ha presentado un marco para la cobertura explícita, colaborando en la elaboración de leyes en sus provincias

INTRODUCTION: A research ethics system is essential to protect the rights of research participants. The challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic to conduct research ethically to produce rapid results have demonstrated the need to strengthen this system. The objective of this study was to describe the state of the research ethics system of the Provinces of Argentina and the adaptations made due to the pandemic. METHOD: a survey was conducted with provincial research ethics committees or similar areas within the Ministries of Health of the provinces responsible for the oversight of research ethics review under their jurisdiction. RESULTS: sixteen of the 17 provinces surveyed responded. 93.7% of the provincial committees review human research and have standard operating procedures (SOPs). 68.7% register the research ethics committees (REC) in their jurisdiction. Seventy-five percent accredit RECs and 68.7% supervise them. 100% have a registry of health research in the jurisdiction, only 56.2% have public access. 81.2% carry out training activities. 100% adapted the SOPs to evaluate studies on COVID-19. DISCUSSION: the results show consolidated provincial systems. Transparency in research needs to be strengthened through public registration of research. Possibilities for improvement were identified to propose future actions

Sobre uma política de ciência e tecnologia para a saúde / On a policy of science and technology for health

RESUMO Frente ao conjunto de políticas de ciência e tecnologia existentes no Brasil, o texto reivindica um olhar diferenciado sobre a política de pesquisa em saúde. Isso decorre de sua magnitude física, de sua tradição histórica e de sua articulação com uma política pública de saúde na qual a intersetorialidade é valorizada. O texto se divide em três partes, precedidas de uma advertência sobre o impacto da conjuntura atual do País sobre a política geral de ciência e tecnologia. Em primeiro lugar, propõe uma abordagem metodológica para a definição das fronteiras da pesquisa em saúde. Em seguida, reivindica para o campo da saúde coletiva um papel de protagonismo na construção dessa política. Finalmente, apresenta e discute alguns desafios atuais postos para a política.

ABSTRACT Facing the Brazilian ongoing general science and technology policies, the text claims for a differentiated view on health research policy. This stems from its physical magnitude, its historical tradition, and its articulation with a public health policy in which intersectoriality is valued. The text is presented in three parts, preceded by a warning about the impact of current Brazilian situation on the general policy of science and technology. First, it proposes a methodological approach for the definition of health research boundaries. Then it claims for the field of Collective Health a leading role in the construction of this policy. Finally, it presents and discusses some of the current challenges posed to this politics.

Avaliação das pesquisas nos cenários da atenção primária à saúde: produção, disseminação e utilização dos resultados / Evaluation of research in primary health care scenarios: production, dissemination and use of results

Resumo O artigo discorre acerca das implicações da pesquisa em saúde nos cenários da atenção primária à saúde (APS). Analisa o modo como o conhecimento produzido pela investigação científica repercute no cotidiano dos serviços da APS, dando ênfase aos processos de produção, disseminação e utilização dos resultados. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo avaliativo participativo do tipo estudo de caso, ancorado na teoria construtivista. Participaram da pesquisa profissionais de saúde da APS e gestores e técnicos da Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Ceará e da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Fortaleza. Para a coleta das informações, utilizou-se a técnica do círculo hermenêutico-dialético e a análise do material empírico tomou como base a hermenêutica crítica. Nos resultados, são discutidos aspectos relacionados à escolha dos temas de pesquisa, à relevância das investigações e à utilização dos resultados para a tomada de decisão informada. Para superar os obstáculos encontrados para produção, disseminação e utilização dos resultados das pesquisas, sugere-se a elaboração de uma agenda de prioridades em pesquisa, em âmbito municipal, a partir da qual os problemas da APS seriam elencados, priorizados e investigados a partir de uma metodologia participativa, capaz de envolver todos os implicados.

Abstract The article discusses the implications of health research in Primary Health Care (PHC). It analyses how the knowledge produced by the scientific investigation impacts the PHC services routine, emphasizing results production, dissemination, and use processes. Therefore, a participatory research of case study type, anchored in the constructivist theory, was carried out. PHC health professionals, managers and technicians of the Health Secretariat of the State of Ceará, Brazil, and the Municipal Health Secretariat of Fortaleza participated in the study. The hermeneutic-dialectical circle technique was used to collect information, and the empirical material analysis was based on critical hermeneutics. In the results, aspects related to the choice of research topics, relevance of investigations, and the use of the results for well-informed decision-making are discussed. To overcome the obstacles found in the production, dissemination, and use of the research results, we suggest a research priority agenda be developed at the municipal level, from which the problems of PHC would be listed, prioritized, and investigated based on a participatory methodology, capable of engaging all those involved.

Processos e desafios da interação entre pesquisa e política na perspectiva dos pesquisadores / Processes and challenges of the interaction betweeen research and policy from the perspective of researchers

Resumo As políticas informadas por evidências podem produzir impactos sociais e econômicos e benefícios na equidade e na saúde. A interação dos pesquisadores na política depende de interesses dos atores sociais e de ambientes políticos favoráveis. Este artigo busca compreender os significados e as perspectivas de pesquisadores sobre os processos de interação entre cientistas e tomadores de decisão que influenciam o impacto da pesquisa na política de saúde. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, realizado em 2014, de análise de conteúdo para identificar os núcleos de sentido e as relações entre a pesquisa e a política. Baseou-se na abordagem do programa RAPID da Overseas Development Institute. Foram entrevistados 14 pesquisadores de projetos sobre morbimortalidade materna e neonatal financiados pelo Ministério da Saúde. Os pesquisadores orientaram-se para a produção de conhecimentos, o fortalecimento de capacidades de pesquisa e a divulgação dos resultados. Participaram, em algumas ocasiões, da definição de políticas de cuidado clínico e desempenho dos serviços de saúde. Apontaram barreiras para interatuar e produzir impactos na política devido às tensões do contexto político, econômico e social, às mudanças institucionais e organizacionais no setor saúde, e ao sistema de avaliação acadêmica.

Abstract Evidence-informed policies can produce social and economic impacts and equity and health benefits. Interaction between researchers in politics depends on the interests of social stakeholders and favorable political environments. This paper seeks to understand the meanings and researchers' perspectives of interaction processes between scientists and decision-makers that would influence the research impact on the health policy. This is a qualitative content analysis study conducted in 2014 to identify the core meanings and relationships between research and politics. The paper builds on the RAPID program approach of the Overseas Development Institute. Fourteen researchers who conducted maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality studies sponsored by the Health Ministry were interviewed. Researchers focused on the production of knowledge, strengthening of research capacities and dissemination of results. On some occasions, researchers also participated in the definition of clinical care policies and performance of health services. They pointed to barriers to interact and produce an impact on politics due to tensions in the political, economic and social context, as well as to institutional and organizational changes in the health sector and to the academic evaluation system.