Five Years and Moving Forward: A Successful Joint Academic-Practice Public Partnership to Improve the Health of Hawaii's Schoolchildren.

BACKGROUND: In 2014, the Hawaii Department of Education (DOE), the only statewide school system in the United States, predominately enrolled children (keiki) from underserved communities and lacked school nurses or a school health program. Chronic absenteeism due to health concerns was identified as a barrier to academic success. METHODS: The DOE and a public university created Hawaii Keiki: Healthy and Ready to Learn (HK), a program to provide school-based services for 170 Title 1 schools in urban and rural settings and build momentum for statewide collective action. HK has maintained support from public and private entities to address student health. RESULTS: This paper describes 5 years of program development, implementation, and continuing challenges. Most recently in 2020-2021, HK pivoted in the face of school campus closings due to COVID-19 with strategic plans, including telehealth, to move forward in this changed school environment. CONCLUSIONS: The HK program has increased awareness of students' needs and is addressing the imperative to build health services within public schools. The multipronged approach of building awareness of need, providing direct services, educating future care providers, and supporting sound policy development, has an impact that goes beyond any one individual area.

Conocimiento, necesidad y utilidad percibida de la enfermera escolar en el ámbito educativo rural / Knowledge, need and perceived utility of school nurses in the rural educational setting

Objetivo: explorar los conocimientos, las necesidades sentidas y la utilidad percibida por la comunidad educativa de Educación Primaria y Secundaria sobre la figura de la enfermera escolar en el ámbito rural de Huelva (Andalucía).Método: estudio cualitativo de corte fenomenológico efectuado en 2019. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a profesorado, padres y madres de los centros educativos de dos poblaciones del ámbito rural onubense que fueron seleccionados mediante muestreo intencional y en bola de nieve. Se llevó a cabo análisis temático a partir de categorías preestablecidas.Resultados: se realizaron 23 entrevistas hasta la saturación de la información (14 profesores/as y nueve padres/madres). Se confirmaron tres categorías: conocimiento sobre la enfermera escolar, necesidad de la enfermera escolar y conocimiento y acciones en promoción de salud. Los participantes vieron necesaria la figura de la enfermera escolar en los centros tanto de Educación Primaria como Secundaria. El profesorado encontró muchas dificultades para atender las necesidades clínicas del elevado número de alumnos/as con discapacidades o enfermedades crónicas. Se detectó poca información y conocimiento en los progenitores sobre la promoción de la salud en el centro escolar.Conclusión: el discurso del profesorado, padres y madres participantes indicó la necesidad y utilidad de la implantación de la enfermera escolar en los centros de Educación Primaria y Secundaria en el ámbito rural.(AU)

Objective: to explore the knowledge, the need felt, and the utility perceived by the Primary and Secondary Education community regarding the role of the school nurse in the rural setting of Huelva (Andalusia).Method: a qualitative phenomenological study conducted on 2019. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with professors, fathers and mothers from the education centres of two populations within the rural setting of Huelva, who were selected through intentional and snowball sampling. Thematic analysis was conducted, based on pre-established categories.Results: twenty-three (23) interviews were conducted, until there was information overload (14 professors and nine fathers/mothers). Three categories were confirmed: knowledge about the school nurse, need for the school nurse, and knowledge and actions in health promotion. The participants considered that the role of the school nurse was necessary in both Primary and Secondary Education centres. The teaching staff found many difficulties to manage the clinical needs of the high number of patients with disabilities or chronic conditions. Lack of information and knowledge was detected among parents regarding health promotion at the school center.Conclusion: the discourse of the teaching staff, fathers and mothers involved, indicated the need and utility of implementing the role of the school nurse in the Primary and Secondary Education centres in the rural setting.(AU)

Qualidade de vida e rendimento academico segundo o sexo dos adolescentes

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) e a sua relação com o rendimento acadêmico (RA) segundo o sexo de adolescentes. Material e Método: Estudo transversal realizado no Instituto Federal do Maranhão, nas cidades de Pedreiras e Grajaú, nordeste do Brasil, entre maio e agosto de 2018. 289 adolescentes participaram na pesquisa. Além da caracterização sociodemográfica, a coleta de dados envolveu a mensuração da QVRS por meio do KIDSCREEN-52 e a coleta direta de dados acadêmicos através do sistema escolar. As diferenças da QVRS por sexo foram verificadas por meio do Teste U de Mann-Whitney. A relação entre as variáveis QVRS e RA foi estabelecida por meio da Correlação de Spearman. Resultados: As meninas apresentaram pior percepção da QVRS geral e em seis das dez dimensões avaliadas. Sobre as correlações estabelecidas entre QVRS e RA, apesar de significativas, apresentaram limiar fraco. Para as meninas, verificou-se relação direta do RA com saúde e atividade física, sentimentos, estado emocional, ambiente familiar e escolar. Para os meninos, correlações negativas do RA com a saúde e atividade física e a autopercepção, e positiva com o ambiente escolar. Conclusão: As adolescentes apresentaram pior percepção da QVRS na maioria das dimensões avaliadas. Sobre a correlação entre QVRS e RA, foram percebidas diferenças significativas entre os sexos: para as meninas, a saúde física e psíquica e o bem estar familiar e escolar estiveram diretamente relacionados ao RA; para os meninos, o potencial negativo das dimensões saúde e atividade física e autopercepcção sobre o RA foi destacado.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its relationship with academic performance (AP) according to the gender of schoolchildren. Material and Method: Cross-sectional study carried out at the Federal Institute of Maranhão (IFMA), in the cities of Pedreiras and Grajaú, northeastern Brazil, from May to August 2018. 289 adolescents participated in this research. In addition to the sociodemographic characterization, data collection involved the measurement of HRQoL through the KIDSCREEN-52 and the direct collection of academic data through the school system. Differences in HRQoL by sex were verified using the Mann-Whitney U Test. The relationship between HRQoL and AP was established using Spearman's correlation. Results: Girls had a worse perception of the general HRQoL and in six of the ten dimensions evaluated. Regarding the correlations established between HRQoL and AP, although significant, the strength was weak. For girls, AP was directly related to physical well-being, psychological well-being, moods & emotions, parent relation & home life, and school environment. For boys, negative correlations of AP with health and physical activity and self-perception, and positive correlation with the school environment. Conclusion: The female adolescents had a worse perception of HRQoL in most of the dimensions evaluated and the correlation between HRQoL and AP indicates significant differences between the sexes: for girls, physical and psychological health, family and school well-being were related to the best AP; for boys, potential negative impact of physical well-being and self-perception on AP was highlighted.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y su relación con el rendimiento académico (RA) según el sexo de los escolares. Material y Método: Estudio transversal con enfoque cuantitativo realizado en el Instituto Federal de Maranhão, en las ciudades de Pedreiras y Grajaú, noreste de Brasil, entre mayo-agosto de 2018. Participaron 289 adolescentes en la investigación. Además de la caracterización sociodemográfica, la CVRS se midió mediante KIDSCREEN-52 y se recopilaron datos académicos del sistema escolar. Las diferencias de CVRS por sexo se verificaron mediante la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. La relación entre las variables de CVRS y RA se estableció mediante la correlación de Spearman. Resultados: Las niñas tuvieron una peor percepción de la CVRS general y en seis de las diez dimensiones evaluadas. Sobre las correlaciones establecidas entre CVRS y RA, aunque significativas, fueron débiles. Para las niñas, relaciones directas entre RA y bienestar físico y psicológico, estado de ánimo, vida familiar y entorno escolar. Para los niños, correlaciones negativas del RA con el bienestar físico y la autopercepción, y positivas con el entorno escolar. Conclusiones: Las adolescentes tuvieron peor percepción de CVRS en la mayoría de las dimensiones evaluadas y la correlación entre CVRS y RA indica diferencias significativas entre sexos: para las niñas, la salud física y psicológica, el bienestar familiar y escolar se relacionaron con la mejor RA; para los niños, se destacó el potencial negativo de salud física y autopercepción sobre el RA.

School-Based Health Centers in the United States: Roots, Reality, and Potential.

BACKGROUND: Given the amount of time children and adolescents spend in school, these locations may be ideal for simultaneously supporting young people's health and academic achievement. School-based health centers (SBHCs) not only bring care to students in accessible and familiar locations, these centers also provide guidance for young people during a life stage when they are establishing lifelong health behavior habits. METHODS: This article examines the literature exploring the impact of SBHCs from the perspective of multiple stakeholder groups including students, guardians, school personnel, community members, providers, hospital administrators, public health officials, and insurers. RESULTS: Studies describe the positive effects of SBHCs on students' health and educational outcomes. SBHCs are generally associated with decreased health care disparities among students, accelerated treatment, and increased school attendance. CONCLUSIONS: Additional research exploring strategies for optimizing SBHC's economic efficiency and tailoring SBHC services to meet the needs of vulnerable patient populations is essential. Investigation into the impacts of SBHCs on community stakeholders outside of the student population is also vital.

Relación entre categorías de riesgo para Intimidación escolar y las estrategias de afrontamiento en escolares de 8 a 15 años en Ibagué / Relationship between risk categories for school bullying and coping strategies in schoolchildren aged 8 to 15 years in Ibagué

El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre las categorías de riesgo de intimidación escolar y las estrategias de afrontamiento de 681 escolares entre 8 y 15 años de 13 instituciones educativas de Ibagué, Colombia, mediante un estudio cuantitativo transversal con diseño correlacional. Se realizó la adaptación transcultural para Colombia y aplicación de dos instrumentos de medición de Enfermería "Child Adolescent Teasing Scale" (CATS) y el Schoolagers´ Coping Strategies Inventory" (SCSI). Resultados: la caracterización de los participantes encontró edad media de 11, 62 años y proporción por género (53,5% femenino vs 46,5% masculino). Dos categorías de riesgo de intimidación escolar obtuvieron mayor burla: factores relacionados con la escuela y personalidad y comportamiento. Las estrategias de afrontamiento más efectivas fueron resolución cognitiva del problema y de actividades de autocontrol, para ambos géneros. Hay relación entre factores relacionados con la escuela y el uso de estrategias de afrontamiento (r = 0,345 p=0,000); y la efectividad (r = 0,234 p=0,000). Personalidad y comportamiento y el uso de estrategias de afrontamiento (r = 0,341 p=0,000); y la efectividad (r = 0,204 p=0,000). Familia y ambiente y el uso de estrategias de afrontamiento (r = 0,282 p=0,000); y la efectividad (r = 0,152 p=0,000). Aspecto físico y el uso de estrategias de afrontamiento (r = 0,160 p=0,000); y la efectividad (r = 0,112 p=0,005). Conclusiones: hay necesidad de cuidado de enfermería en las estrategias de afrontamiento de escolares ante el reconocimiento de la burla y sus nefastos resultados en la salud.

The objective was to determine the relationship between risk categories of school bullying and the coping strategies of 681 schoolchildren between 8 and 15 years old from 13 educational institutions in Ibagué, Colombia, through a cross - sectional quantitative study with correlational design. The cross-cultural adaptation for Colombia and the application of two Child Adolescent Teasing Scale (CATS) and Schoolagers' Coping Strategies Inventory (SCSI) measurement instruments were made. Results: the participants' average age was 11, 62 years and gender ratio (53.5% female vs. 46.5% male). Two categories of risk of school bullying were most derided: factors related to school and personality and behavior. The most effective coping strategies were cognitive resolution of the problem and self-control activities, for both genders. There is a relationship between factors related to school and the use of coping strategies (r = 0.345 p = 0.000); and effectiveness (r = 0.234 p = 0.000). Personality and behavior and the use of coping strategies (r = 0.341 p = 0.000); and effectiveness (r = 0.204 p = 0.000). Family and environment and the use of coping strategies (r = 0.282 p = 0.000); and effectiveness (r = 0.152 p = 0.000). Physical appearance and use of coping strategies (r = 0.160 p = 0.000); and effectiveness (r = 0.112 p = 0.005). Conclusions: there is a need for nursing care in the coping strategies of schoolchildren before the recognition of the mockery and its harmful results in health.

Reprovação escolar e aspectos sociais e de saúde: estudo transversal com adolescentes / Reprovisión escolar y aspectos sociales y de salud: estudio transversal con adolescentes / School failure and health and social aspects: a cross-sectional study with adolescents

Objetivo verificar associação entre reprovação escolar e variável sociodemográfica, sexual/reprodutiva e violência intrafamiliar em adolescentes da rede pública de ensino. Método trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, do tipo transversal. Para verificar associação entre variáveis dependentes e independentes, utilizou-se o programa Stata, cuja análise bivariada foi realizada pelo Teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados a análise dos dados permitiu identificar associação positiva e estatisticamente significante entre reprovação escolar e o fato de ter tido relação sexual. Embora sem significância estatística, o estudo também revelou associação entre vivência de violência psicológica e reprovação escolar. Verificou-se ainda que a problemática guarda relação positiva com as seguintes variáveis: raça negra, não praticar religião, trabalhar para contribuir com o sustento da família e gravidez. Conclusão a reprovação escolar guarda associação com aspectos sociais e de saúde em adolescentes, a exemplo da iniciação sexual e da vivência de violência psicológica.

Objetivo verificar asociación entre reprobación escolar y variable sociodemográfica, sexual/reproductiva y violencia intrafamiliar en adolescentes de la red pública de enseñanza. Método investigación cuantitativa, del tipo transversal. Para verificar la asociación entre variables dependientes e independientes, se utilizó el programa Stata, cuyo análisis bivariado fue realizado por el Test Qui-cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados se identificó asociación positiva y estadísticamente significante entre reprobación escolar y el hecho de haber tenido relación sexual. Aunque sin significancia estadística, el estudio también reveló asociación entre vivencia de violencia psicológica y reprobación escolar. La problemática guarda relación positiva con las siguientes variables: raza negra, no practicar religión, trabajar para contribuir con el sustento de la familia y embarazo. Conclusión la reprobación escolar guarda asociación con aspectos sociales y de salud en adolescentes, a ejemplo de la iniciación sexual y de la vivencia de violencia psicológica.

Objective To check the association between school failure and socio-demographic, sexual/reproductive variables, and intrafamily violence among adolescents in the public school system. Method this is a quantitative, cross-sectional study with the aim to check the association between dependent and independent variables. Stata software was used, the variate analysis of which was performed by Pearson's Chi-square test. Results Data analysis allowed the identification of a positive and statistically significant association between school failure and the experience of sexual intercourse. Although not statistically significant, the study also revealed an association between the experience of psychological violence and school failure. A positive relationship among the following variables was also observed: black ethnicity, not having any religion, working to contribute to family support, and pregnancy. Conclusion school failure is associated with social and health aspects among adolescents, such as sexual initiation and psychological violence.

An Excel Spreadsheet Model for States and Districts to Assess the Cost-Benefit of School Nursing Services.

This paper describes a user-friendly, Excel spreadsheet model and two data collection instruments constructed by the authors to help states and districts perform cost-benefit analyses of school nursing services delivered by full-time school nurses. Prior to applying the model, states or districts need to collect data using two forms: "Daily Nurse Data Collection Form" and the "Teacher Survey." The former is used to record daily nursing activities, including number of student health encounters, number of medications administered, number of student early dismissals, and number of medical procedures performed. The latter is used to obtain estimates for the time teachers spend addressing student health issues. Once inputs are entered in the model, outputs are automatically calculated, including program costs, total benefits, net benefits, and benefit-cost ratio. The spreadsheet model, data collection tools, and instructions are available at the NASN website ( http://www.nasn.org/The/CostBenefitAnalysis ).

Projeto de extensão centro de cuidados de enfermagem / Nursing care center extension project / Proyecto de extensión centro de cuidados de enfermería

O Projeto de Extensão "Centro de cuidados de Enfermagem: integrando o ensino, a pesquisa e a extensão" do Departamento de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Paraná permite ao acadêmico/bolsista unir o ensino e a prática profissional do enfermeiro. O objetivo deste relato é descrever as atividades desenvolvidas pelo Centro de Cuidados entre junho e dezembro de 2007. As atividades se concentraram em um colégio da rede pública, onde foi instalado um consultório para atendimentos de enfermagem. Foram realizadas 313 consultas frente a queixas de cefaleia, tontura, contusão, mal-estar relacionado à hipertensão, cólica menstrual, náusea e pequenos cortes e/ou lesões, o que desencadeou cerca de 500 intervenções. Os atendimentos permitiram a prática dos conhecimentos adquiridos em sala de aula, além de oportunizar o trabalho em equipe, parcerias e a pesquisa. A experiência oportunizou aos acadêmicos vivenciar o processo de trabalho do enfermeiro e a aproximação com a comunidade.

The Department of Nursing Extension Project ?Nursing Care Center: integrating teaching, research and extension? of the Federal University of Parana allows the academic/ scholarship student to connect professional nursing practice and education. The purpose of this report is to describe the activities of the Care Center between June and December 2007. The activities focused on a public school, which installed an office for nursing care. 313 consultations were performed, in order to attend complaints of headache, dizziness, bruising, discomfort related to hypertension, menstrual cramps, nausea and minor cuts and /or injuries, which led to near 500 interventions. The consultations allowed the practice of knowledge acquired in the classroom, and arouse opportunities for teamwork, partnerships and research. The experiences offered the students to experience the process of nursing work and an approach with the community.

El Proyecto de Extensión ?Centro de cuidados de Enfermería: integrando la enseñanza, la investigación y la extensión? del Departamento de Enfermería de la Universidad Federal del Paraná permite al académico/becario unir la enseñanza y la práctica profesional del enfermero. El objetivo de este relato es describir las actividades desarrolladas por el Centro de Cuidados entre Junio y Diciembre de 2007. Las actividades se concentraron en un colegio de la red pública, donde fue instalado un consultorio para atendimientos de enfermería. Fueron realizadas 313 consultas frente a quejas de cefalea, tontura, contusión, mal-estar relacionado a hipertensión, cólica menstrual, náusea y pequeños cortes y/o lesiones lo que desencadenó cerca de 500 intervenciones. Los atendimientos permitieron la práctica de los conocimientos adquiridos en sala de aula, además de dar oportunidad al trabajo en equipo, sociedad y la investigación. La experiencia dio oportunidad a los académicos vivir el proceso de trabajo del enfermero y la aproximación con la comunidad.