Revealing the effect of sea buckthorn oil, fish oil and structured lipid on intestinal microbiota, colonic short chain fatty acid composition and serum lipid profiles in vivo.

In this study, the effects of sea buckthorn oil (SBO), fish oil (FO) and an enzymatically synthesized structured lipid (SL) on serum, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and intestinal microbiota in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were investigated. The results demonstrated that FO, SBO, and SL effectively reduced the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum of SD rats. SBO increased serum triglyceride levels, while FO elevated total cholesterol levels. Furthermore, all three dietary lipids decreased short-chain fatty acid production and enhanced intestinal microbiota diversity. FO increased the abundance of intestinal microbiota including Romboutsia, Lactobacillus, Escherichia-Shigella, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. Conversely, all three dietary lipids reduced the abundance of Klebsiella and Blautia. These findings provide a foundation for understanding the functionality of SBO and FO as well as their potential application in synthesizing novel SLs to regulate intestinal microbiota.

The Association of Sperm DNA Fragmentation With Serum Lipid Profile Among Males With Abnormal Semen Parameters: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Through the ages, infertility, affecting 8% to 12% of couples worldwide, has been a perturbing clinical problem. Approximately 40% to 50% of all infertility cases are due to 'male factor' infertility. Semen analysis is crucial in routinely evaluating idiopathic male infertility. Studies support the idea that semen parameters are associated with serum lipids and sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF). Therefore, it is possible to evaluate male infertility by serum lipid levels, especially before assisted reproduction technology, and modify it by bringing about lifestyle modifications. This study aimed to measure the correlation of SDF with levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) among males with abnormal semen parameters. METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the infertility clinic of a tertiary care hospital. A total of 106 infertile males with abnormal semen analysis as per the WHO criteria (2010) were enrolled in the study. After routine semen analysis, SDF was studied using the comet assay. The serum fasting lipid profile was analyzed using the spectrophotometric kit in the autoanalyzer. The relationship of SDF with serum lipid profile parameters was analyzed. RESULTS: Out of 106 infertile men, 52% (n = 55) had severe SDF. A modest positive correlation was observed between SDF (percentage of DNA in comet tail) and serum lipid values (serum TG, serum LDL, and serum VLDL). CONCLUSIONS: Our study is novel in its research on the correlation between SDF and serum lipid values. Based on the findings of our study, it can be concluded that a significant level of SDF was observed in men with high levels of serum TG, LDL, and VLDL. This provokes a potential relationship between sperm DNA integrity and serum lipid profile, which warrants further research.

A randomized controlled cross-over trial investigating the acute inflammatory and metabolic response after meals based on red meat, fatty fish, or soy protein: the postprandial inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (PIRA) trial.

PURPOSE: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) has a point prevalence of around 20 million people worldwide. Patients with RA often believe that food intake affects disease activity, and that intake of red meat aggravate symptoms. The main objective of the Postprandial Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis (PIRA) trial was to assess whether postprandial inflammation and serum lipid profile are affected differently by a meal including red meat, fatty fish, or a soy protein (vegan) meal. METHODS: Using a randomized controlled crossover design, 25 patients were assigned to eat isocaloric hamburger meals consisting of red meat (60% beef, 40% pork), fatty fish (salmon), or soy protein for breakfast. Blood samples were taken before meals and at intervals up to 5 h postprandial. The analysis included the inflammation marker interleukin 6 (IL-6) and serum lipids. RESULTS: No significant differences in postprandial IL-6 or triglyceride concentrations were found between meals. However, the area under the curve of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle counts, as well as VLDL-4-bound cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids, was higher after the fatty fish compared to both red meat and soy protein. CONCLUSION: Postprandial inflammation assessed by IL-6 did not indicate any acute negative effects of red meat intake compared to fatty fish- or soy protein in patients with RA. The fatty fish meal resulted in a higher number of VLDL-particles and more lipids in the form of small VLDL particles compared to the other protein sources.

Correlation study of serum lipid levels and lipid metabolism-related genes in cervical cancer.

Objective: Lipid metabolism plays an important role in cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between lipid metabolism and the development of cervical cancer, and to explore the prognostic significance of lipid metabolism-related genes in patients with cervical cancer. Methods: Initially, we retrospectively collected data from 1589 cervical cancer patients treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, with 1589 healthy individuals from the physical examination center serving as the control group. The correlation between their serum lipid levels and cervical cancer was analyzed. Subsequently, leveraging public databases, we conducted comprehensive studies on lipid metabolism-related genes. Additionally, we analyzed RNA expression profiling and clinical information sourced from TCGA and GTEx databases. Finally, we established a prognostic model integrating 9 genes associated with lipid metabolism and generated a nomogram model using R. GO and KEGG were performed to explore the functions and pathways of lipid metabolism-related genes. Results: Our findings revealed that patients with cervical cancer exhibited dyslipidemia, characterized by elevated levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C, alongside reduced HDL-C levels compared to controls (P<0.05). Interestingly, compared with early-stage patients, advanced patients had lower HDL-C level and higher LDL-C level. Regression analysis further highlighted high TC, TG, and LDL-C as significant risk factors for cervical cancer. Then a total of 188 lipid metabolism-related genes were identified and a prognostic signature based on 9 genes was established and validated. The results of the GO and KEGG functional analysis indicated that the lipid metabolism-related genes are primarily concentrated on pathways associated with fatty acid metabolism. Conclusion: Our study underscores the varying degrees of dyslipidemia observed in patients with cervical cancer, emphasizing the relevance of serum lipids in disease development. Our prognostic riskScore model predicted the overall survival time of patients based on 9 genes associated with lipid metabolism. These 9 genes may be tumor biomarkers and new targets for the treatment of cervical cancer.

Association between traditional Korean fermented vegetables (kimchi) intake and serum lipid profile: using the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) cohort.

PURPOSE: Dyslipidemia is a major health issue worldwide. There is growing interest in understanding the potential role of kimchi consumption on serum lipid profiles. However, there are limited epidemiological studies available on this topic. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between kimchi intake and serum lipid profiles. METHODS: We conducted an epidemiological study on participants (aged 40-69 years old) selected from the Health Examinees (HEXA) cohort study (n = 61,761). Four types of kimchi, including Baechu kimchi (cabbage kimchi), Kkakdugi (radish kimchi), Nabak kimchi/Dongchimi (a type of water kimchi made with fermented vegetables), and other kimchi, were assessed by a 106-food item semi-quantitative validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Each kimchi intake is the average value calculated from the FFQ of the baseline and follow-up surveys. Fasting blood data were obtained at baseline and follow-up visits. Linear regression was used to examine the relationship between the intake of kimchi and the change in serum lipid profiles. RESULTS: The mean years between the baseline survey and a follow-up survey was 4.97 years. In this study, compared to the lowest category (< 1 serving/day), Baechu kimchi intake (2- < 3 servings/day) had more negative correlations with the change in values of total cholesterol (ß: -1.600, 95% confidence interval [CI, -2.744, -0.456]), triglycerides (ß: -3.372, 95% CI [-5.414, -1.330]), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ß: -1.155, 95% CI [-2.214, -0.095]) in women. In men, Baechu kimchi intake (2- < 3 servings/day) had a more positive correlation associated with the changes in values of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ß: 0.049, 95% CI [0.031, 0.907]) compared to the lowest intake category (< 1 serving/day). CONCLUSIONS: Among Korean adults, consumption of kimchi, particularly Baechu kimchi, was found to be associated with improvements in serum lipid profiles. Further studies are required to conduct additional interventions to confirm the association between kimchi and serum lipid profiles.

The relationship between the serum lipid profile and hepatocellular carcinoma in east Asian population: A mendelian randomization study.

Background: Although several studies have found that the serum lipid profile may be correlated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the causal relationships between the serum lipid profile and HCC have not been determined due to potential confounder. Here, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to identify the relationship between the serum lipid profile and HCC in the East Asian population. Method: Our study made a MR analysis with the validation of two data sets. We obtained genome-wide association study (GWAS) data related to the serum lipid profile from Asian Genetic Epidemiology Network (AGEN). Then, the data from a recent large GWAS of the East Asian ancestry in Japan (BioBank Japan, BBJ) were extracted. Summary-level statistical data for HCC were obtained from a large GWAS of the East Asian ancestry in Japan. Univariable MR analysis were performed to identify whether the genetic evidence of serum lipid profile was significantly associated with HCC risk. Multivariable MR analysis was conducted to estimate the independent effects of exposures on HCC. Results: Univariable and multivariable MR analyses indicated that the serum lipid profile was not a risk factor for HCC incidence in either data set based on the East Asian population. Multivariable MR analysis revealed that the hazard ratios of the probability of HCC in AGEN were 1.134 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.903-1.424) for TG, 1.010 (95% CI: 0.824-1.237) for HDL-C, 0.974 (95% CI: 0.746-1.271) for TC, 0.918 (95% CI: 0.734-1.147) for LDL-C, while the results in BBJ were also non-significant: 1.111 (95% CI: 0.869-1.419) for TG, 0.957 (95% CI: 0.790-1.158) for HDL-C, 0.917 (95% CI: 0.643-1.308) for TC, 0.932 (95% CI: 0.699-1.243) for LDL-C. Conclusion: Our MR study with the validation of two data sets found no strong evidence to support causal associations between the serum lipid profile and HCC risk.

Coffee leaf extract exhibits anti-obesity property and improves lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-induced C57BL6 obese mice.

In the present study, the effect of coffee leaf extract (CLE) on in vitro enzyme inhibition was studied. Furthermore, its impact on the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice (C57BL/6) at the levels of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight along with positive control (orlistat) and the normal group maintained with starch-fed diet (SFD) was observed. CLE had significant α amylase and lipase enzyme inhibitory properties. In HFD-induced obese mice, treatment with CLE significantly reduced the body weight gain. The investigation demonstrated that CLE administration lowered blood glucose, total cholesterol, total triglycerides and LDL levels while increasing the HDL levels. It reduced the development of fatty liver by reducing hepatic fat accumulation and decreased the fat cell size in the adipose tissue. Further, CLE significantly increased the liver antioxidant enzyme activities and lowered the levels of hepatotoxicity markers in the serum when compared to the HFD-fed mice. The treatment also downregulated the mRNA expression of lipogenic transcription factors (SREBP-1c, CEBP-α) and enzymes (ACC, FAS) than HFD. Overall, the results indicate that coffee leaves have anti-obesity potential and can be used as functional ingredients in the development of innovative products for managing lifestyle disorders such as obesity.

Assessment of Lipid Profile in Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis: An Observational Study.

BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis (TB), an infectious lung disease. There is mounting evidence linking low lipid levels to a variety of human diseases, including TB. Cholesterol, mainly due to its involvement in heart disease, gets more attention in recent years. The objectives of the study were to look into the link that connects hypolipidemia to the existence of pulmonary/extrapulmonary TB; we have tried to find the link in relation to patients who have been recently diagnosed with TB as well as in those who are having TB in the long term. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational study was performed on TB patients attending respiratory medicine at the Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, from February 2021 to January 2022, and their lipid levels were tested from patients with consent and correlated. Student's t-test was applied to the obtained data. To convey quantitative data, measurements such as mean along with standard deviation were applied, and a p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: This research included 80 subjects, 40 of whom were diagnosed with TB, and the rest (40 controls) were deemed healthy. The age group with the highest low lipid levels in pulmonary TB was 40-50 years. A chi-square test of association was conducted; this test revealed that the fraction of TB patients having lower than normal levels of total cholesterol (p = 0.0001), triglyceride level (p = 0.006), high-density lipoprotein (p = 0.009), low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.006), and body mass index (p = 0.000) was statistically significantly higher in contrast to the control group. Thus, there was a significant correlation between a higher prevalence of hypolipidemia in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and normal healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a strong relationship between hypolipidemia and TB, indicating that patients with low lipid levels tend to have severe inflammation as compared to patients with normal lipid levels.

Glutathione attenuated lambda-cyhalothrin-induced alteration of serum total cholesterol concentration and oxidative stress parameters in rats.

Background: Lambda-cyhalothrin is a type II pyrethroid insecticide that is used for pest control in agricultural, domestic, and industrial settings. Glutathione is an antioxidant that has been reported to confer protection on biological systems against the adverse impacts of insecticides. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of glutathione on the serum lipid profile and oxidative stress parameters of rats exposed to lambda-cyhalothrin toxicity. Methods: Thirty-five rats were assigned into 5 groups each. Distilled water was given to the first group, whereas the second group received soya oil (1 mL/kg). Lambda-cyhalothrin (25 mg/kg) was administered to the third group. The fourth group was given lambda-cyhalothrin (25 mg/kg) and glutathione (100 mg/kg) successively, whereas the fifth group received lambda-cyhalothrin (25 mg/kg) and glutathione (200 mg/kg) consecutively. The treatments were administered once daily by oral gavage for 21 days. The rats were sacrificed after the completion of the study. The serum lipid profile and oxidative stress parameters were assessed. Results: A significant (P < 0.05) increase was observed in the total cholesterol concentration of the lambda-cyhalothrin group. The serum malondialdehyde level was elevated (P < 0.05) in the lambda-cyhalothrin group. The superoxide dismutase activity of the lambda-cyhalothrin+glutathione200 group was enhanced (P < 0.05). The results revealed that lambda-cyhalothrin perturbed the total cholesterol concentration of the rats, whereas glutathione (particularly at 200 mg/kg, indicating a dose-response effect) ameliorated the disruptive impacts of lambda-cyhalothrin. Conclusion: The advantageous effects of glutathione may be ascribed to its antioxidant property.

Evaluation of the Relationship Between Smoking and Insulin Resistance: A Case-Control Study.

INTRODUCTION: In recent years, there has been a surge in research focusing on the link between smoking and insulin resistance in the context of obesity and diabetes. In this study, our objective was to investigate the relationship between smoking and insulin resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a case-control study. The case and control groups were formed using the hospital patient information database and clinically randomized using data obtained, including age, gender, height, and weight. The case group for this study consisted of smokers, whereas the control group consisted of non-smokers. Chi-square tests were used to compare numbers and rates, and independent sample t-tests were used for the averages. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed between the case and control groups. RESULTS: According to logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio for non-smokers was 0.59 (0.31-1.14). The risk of insulin resistance is decreased by 41% non-significantly in non-smokers. The odds ratio for age was 1.03 (1.01-1.05). When the age variable increases by one unit, the risk of insulin resistance increase by 1.03 times. CONCLUSION: Our study found no significant relationship between smoking and insulin resistance in healthy individuals. The relationship between smoking and insulin resistance, as reported in the scientific literature, may be suggestive of an association in which smoking exacerbates insulin resistance as a result of other contributing factors rather than serving as a direct causal factor. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying this association fully.

Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Level in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Normal Low-Density Lipoprotein.

Background and objective There are three subtypes of low-density lipoprotein (LDL): large buoyant (lb), intermediate, and small dense (sd). Among these LDL subtypes, small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) has been proven to be an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) encompasses several metabolic abnormalities and patients suffering from T2DM without good glycemic control are prone to develop atherosclerosis. Hence, in T2DM, it is recommended to evaluate blood lipids for early detection of hyperlipidemia to identify the risk. A larger percentage of sdLDL in T2DM patients with an optimal or near-optimal LDL level might be a hidden risk factor for atherosclerosis. Hence, we aimed to find the level of sdLDL cholesterol (sdLDL-C) among newly diagnosed T2DM patients with optimal or near-optimal blood lipids and to compare it with age and sex-matched controls. Materials and methods In this study, we enrolled newly diagnosed T2DM patients from the diabetic clinic of a tertiary care hospital. The patients were then tested for blood lipids, namely, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), including sdLDL-C. Then, age and sex-matched controls with similar baseline lipid levels to the T2DM group (without sdLDL-C) were recruited. After recruitment, both groups were measured for blood lipids including sdLDL-C in a single day. The level of sdLDL-C between the groups was tested statistically by the Mann-Whitney U test. Results A total of 50 T2DM patients with a median age of 36 years (Q1-Q3: 33.75-41) were included as the study group and 50 age and sex-matched controls with a median age of 34 years (32-37.25; p = 0.09) were recruited. The median fasting glucose was 165 (Q1-Q3: 145-199.25) mg/dL and 90.5 (Q1-Q3: 87.75-95.25) mg/dL (p < 0.0001) in the study and control groups, respectively. The LDL-C was 109.9 (Q1-Q3: 99.4-119.4) mg/dL and 108.5 (Q1-Q3: 87.55-124.1) mg/dL (p = 0.94) in the study and control groups, respectively. The sdLDL-C was 40.11 (Q1-Q3: 36.28-43.58) mg/dL and 24.64 (Q1-Q3: 22-32.49) mg/dL (p < 0.0001) in the study and control groups, respectively. Conclusion Newly diagnosed T2DM patients with blood lipids within an optimum or near-optimum level may have a higher percentage of sdLDL-C when compared with healthy controls. Hence, they may have a higher risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Clinicians may miss the potential risks if they do not advise the sdLDL-C component of LDL-C while advising for the test for blood lipid.

Histochemical and histomorphological evidence of the modulating role of 1-isothiocyanate-4-methyl sulfonyl butane on cisplatin-induced testicular-pituitary axis degeneration and cholesterol homeostasis in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

BACKGROUND: This study examine the histochemical and histomorphological effect of 1-isothiocyanato-4-methyl sulfonyl butane (SFN) on cisplatin (CP) induced testicular alteration and cholesterol homeostasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety adult-male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into nine groups of ten (n=10) rats each. Group A (control) received normal saline, group B received a single dose of 10mg/Kg body weight (bwt) CP (i.p.), group C received 50mg/Kg bwt of SFN, group D received 100mg/Kg bwt of SFN, group E received 10mg/Kg bwt CP and 50mg/Kg bwt of SFN, group F received 10mg/Kg bwt CP and 100mg/Kg bwt of SFN, group G received 10mg/Kg bwt CP and 50mg/Kg bwt vitamin C, group H received 50mg/Kg bwt of SFN and 10mg/Kg bwt CP, group I received 100mg/Kg bwt of SFN and 10mg/Kg bwt CP. The procedure lasted for 56 days. Testicular histomorphology and histochemistry, testicular testosterone, sperm parameters, total antioxidant status (TSA), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and serum lipid profile were examined. RESULTS: Cisplatin decrease intra-testicular testosterone, sperm quality, and expression of glycogen and increases testicular TOS and OSI, serum lipid profile, collagen, and disruption of germinal epithelium. However, the intervention of SFN reversed the effect of CP on testes' weight and volume, DSP, ESP, testosterone production, TAS, TOS, and OSI. Histoarchitectecture showing normal seminiferous tubules and even distribution of glycogen and collagen fibers. CONCLUSION: Treatment with SFN ameliorate CP-induced testicular toxicity by reversing the cytotoxic mechanisms of CP.

Clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic risk factors for uterine artery arteriosclerosis: Insights for uterus transplantation.

OBJECTIVE: To assess uterine artery arteriosclerosis prevalence in women undergoing total hysterectomy for benign diseases, and any associations between clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound factors and uterine artery arteriosclerosis occurrence. METHODS: A single center, observational, prospective, cohort study was performed enrolling all symptomatic patients scheduled for total hysterectomy from May to December 2021. Our outcomes were: uterine artery arteriosclerosis prevalence and the difference in clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographic factors between patients with and without uterine artery arteriosclerosis. RESULTS: Forty women were included. Uterine artery arteriosclerosis prevalence was 70%. Body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.04) and triglycerides (P = 0.04) were significantly higher in patients with uterine artery arteriosclerosis than in patients without; while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P = 0.02) was significantly lower. Uterine arteries with arteriosclerosis showed higher peak systolic velocity (PSV) values compared with vessels without arteriosclerosis (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Uterine artery arteriosclerosis shows a high prevalence in women undergoing total hysterectomy for benign diseases. Higher BMI, serum triglycerides, and PSV, and lower serum HDL appear as risk factors for uterine artery arteriosclerosis.

The role of serum lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, and body mass index on recurrence and metastasis in patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: A case-control study.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death in women. The current study is designed to evaluate the association of lipid profiles, FBS, and body mass index (BMI) with BC recurrence and metastasis. Materials and Methods: This is a case-control study on estrogen receptor-positive BC patients in Isfahan Province, Central Iran, between 2008 and 2020. The control group was patients who had no evidence of recurrence or metastasis at least 1 year after the end of chemotherapy and hormone therapy. The case group was patients with evidence of metastasis or recurrence within 1 year after the end of chemotherapy and hormone therapy. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol (Chol), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were measured before treatment, after chemotherapy, and after hormone therapy as well as BMI in the case and control groups. Results: There were 108 patients in the case and 119 patients in the control group with a mean age of 50.72 ± 13.26 and 51.91 ± 11.79, respectively. There were no meaningful differences between the case and control groups regarding serum FBS, Chol, TG, HDL, LDL, and BMI. Conclusion: We found no association between serum FBS, lipid profile, and BMI at initial diagnosis and BC recurrence or metastasis.

Assessment of causal association between differentiated thyroid cancer and disordered serum lipid profile: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Research has shown that the disordered serum lipid profile may be associated with the risk of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Whether this association reflect causal effect is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the causality of circulating lipoprotein lipids on DTC. Methods: Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the circulating lipoprotein lipids and DTC risk using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a genome-wide association (GWA) study containing a high-incidence Italian population of 690 cases samples with DTC and 497 controls. Results: Univariate and multivariate mendelian randomization analysis demonstrated that 'total cholesterol', 'HDL cholesterol', 'apolipoprotein B' and 'ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1' were correlated with DTC. According to sensitivity analysis, our results were reliable. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that there is no causative association between DTC and any of the many cause factors when they interact with one another, suggesting that there was a deep interaction between the four factors, which could affect each other. Finally, the mechanism of the related effects each other as well as the target genes with significant SNP regulatory effects in DTC was explored by conducting functional enrichment analysis and constructing the regulatory networks. Conclusions: We obtained four exposure factors (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1) closely related to DTC, which laid a theoretical foundation for the treatment of DTC.

Comparative Study of Serum Lipid Profile in Tobacco Addicts, Tobacco Non-addicts and Head-Neck Malignancy.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate lipid profile in tobacco consumers with and without head and neck malignancy and to see whether tobacco consumption causes same degree of alteration in lipid profile. Prospective study of serum lipid profile in 90 patients was done at Govt. Medical College Hospital. Various details of all participants such as age and sex of patients, detailed history of tobacco consumption were taken. Patients were divided into group I, II and III. Serum lipid profile was studied in 30 patients with tobacco addicts for more than 5 years in the form of tobacco chewing and smoking without head-neck malignancy (Group I), 30 patients with tobacco addicts for more than 5 yrs in the form of tobacco chewing and smoking with head-neck malignancy (Group II) and 30 controls i.e., non-smokers and non-tobacco chewers (Group III). Statistical analysis was done to compare the serum lipid profile (Total Cholesterol, HDL, Ratio, Sr. triglyceride, VLDL, LDL) among the tobacco chewers with head and neck malignancy, non-tobacco consumers and tobacco consumers without malignancy and controls i.e., non-smokers and non-tobacco chewers. There was no significant change in total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, HDL in patients with tobacco addicts and tobacco non-addicts. Serum triglycerides are significantly decreased in tobacco addicts and in malignancy. Total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL are significantly increased in malignancy as compared to tobacco addicts and tobacco non-addicts. There was no significant change in total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, HDL in patients with tobacco addicts and tobacco non-addicts. Serum triglycerides are significantly decreased in tobacco addicts and in malignancy.

Serum lipid profile in relation to free thyroxine and the effect of levothyroxine treatment on lipids in patients with isolated hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy: a single-center retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Thyroid function is widely considered a lipid metabolism regulator. However, studies on lipid metabolism in pregnant women with low free thyroxine (FT4) levels are limited and inconclusive. Furthermore, the association between maternal FT4 deficiency and adverse lipid metabolic parameters is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate this association and the effects of levothyroxine (L-T4) treatment on these metabolic indicators. METHODS: This retrospective study included 164 patients with isolated hypothyroidism (IH) (FT4 levels below the 5th percentile with normal thyroid stimulating hormone levels according to the gestational-specific reference range) and 407 euthyroidism patients (control group who had regular antenatal examinations at Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China) between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020. Patients with IH were divided into levothyroxine (L-treatment group, n = 77) and dietary iodine supplement treatment groups (dietary treatment group, n=87) according to the hospital's treatment policy and clinical experience. The intervention lasted for at least 8 weeks. Metabolic indicators, including thyroid function and lipid parameters, were collected at least twice before and after the intervention. Other data collected included maternal age, history of abortion, prepregnancy BMI, and gestational weight gain (Fig. 1). RESULTS: Compared with the control group, Patients with IH had a higher degree of dyslipidemia, reflected in elevated total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) levels. In IH patients, an inverse correlation was found between FT4 and TG levels, which remained after adjusting for prepregnancy BMI. The L-treatment group demonstrated a significantly slower rate of hypercholesterolemia progression during pregnancy than the dietary treatment group. In addition, there was a relationship between the therapeutic effect and the degree of disease, with the main factors being FT4, TSH and TG levels prior to starting treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Low FT4 levels were associated with elevated blood lipid levels. Serum FT4 and lipid levels in patients could be improved by medical intervention.

The evaluation of serum lipid profile and apolipoprotein C-1 in the Iranian patients of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: The key role of apolipoprotein C-1 (ApoC-1) is reported in breast, pancreas and lung cancer. However, no information is available on potential difference of ApoC-1 between OSCC patients and healthy individuals. This work aimed to examine the serum ApoC-1 level as well as lipid profile values between OSCC patients and healthy control groups. Material and methods: In this study, 44 blood samples from 22 OSCC patients and 22 healthy individuals were collected to determine the values of lipid profile and ApoC-1 concentration using colorimetric method and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), respectively. Results: A significant decrease in serum lipid profile and ApoC-1 concentration was observed between OSCC and healthy control groups (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Our results confirm the previous findings on the significant differences of lipid profile between OSCC and controls, also show the lower serum level of ApoC-1 in OSCC as compared to the controls. Future studies would further elaborate the association of ApoC-1 with OSCC.

Distinguishing the lipid profile of GCK-MODY patients and its correlation with hsCRP levels.

Aims: Glucokinase-maturity-onset diabetes of the young (GCK-MODY) is the most common monogenic diabetes in China. We have previously reported on the low levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in patients with GCK-MODY. In this study, we further explored the correlation between the serum lipid profiles and hsCRP levels of patients with different types of diabetes. We also proposed to determine the possible mechanism of macrovascular protection in GCK genetic variants. Methods: The serum lipid profiles of the GCK-MODY group (n = 50) were compared with those of the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha (HNF1A)-MODY group (n = 19), the type 1 diabetes (T1D) group (n = 50), and the type 2 diabetes (T2D) group (n = 54). The associations between the lipid compositions and the hsCRP levels in each group were also explored. Results: Elevated levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were found in the GCK-MODY group (1.5 ± 0.27) compared with the T1D (1.2 ± 0.47, p < 0.01) and T2D (1.3 ± 0.3, p < 0.01) groups. On the other hand, a significantly lower LDL-C level (2.4 ± 0.69) in the GCK-MODY group compared with the T1D (2.7 ± 0.72, p < 0.01) and T2D (2.9 ± 0.68, p < 0.01) groups was also noted. A lower ratio of triglyceride to HDL-C (TG/HDL) and a lower hsCRP level were also found in the GCK-MODY group [TG/HDL = 0.38 (0.25-0.52), hsCRP = 0.2 mg/L (0.16-0.37)] compared with the T1D group [(TG/HDL = 0.56 (0.39-1.29), hsCRP = 0.56 mg/L (0.39-1.29), p < 0.01] and the T2D group [(TG/HDL = 1.6 (1.1-2.68), hsCRP = 1.11 mg/L (0.66-2.34), p < 0.01]. Although patients with HNF1A-MODY showed similar hsCRP levels [0.17 (0.08-0.52), p > 0.05] compared with the patients in the GCK-MODY group, they had higher TG levels [1.01 (0.66-1.76), p < 0.05] and TG/HDL ratios [0.84 (0.56-1.31), p < 0.05]. Analysis of the correlations between the hsCRP levels and lipid profiles of each group confirmed that the LnhsCRP (natural logarithm-transformed hsCRP level) was positively correlated with the LnTG (natural logarithm-transformed TG) (r = 0.352, p = 0.011) and the Ln(TG/HDL) ratio (r = 0.283, p = 0.047) only in individuals with GCK-MODY. Conclusions: Individuals harboring GCK variants have the characteristics of protective lipid profiles manifested as a higher level of HDL-C and a lower level of LDL-C compared with type 1 and 2 diabetes milletus (T1DM and T2DM, respectively) patients. In addition, lower ratios of TG/HDL were found to be associated with the inhibition of secretion of hsCRP, even when adjusted for the HbA1c levels in patients with GCK-MODY. It is suggested that the protective effect of macrovascular complications in GCK-MODY patients might partly be due to their unique lipid profiles associated with the suppression of inflammation.

Corrigendum: The alteration of left ventricular strain in later-onset spinal muscular atrophy children.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.953620.].