ABSTRACT
Metastrongyloidea includes nematodes that parasitize mammals, mainly infecting their respiratory and cardiovascular systems, and are responsible for emerging zoonosis in the world. Terrestrial mollusks are their main intermediate hosts, with few exceptions. Here we present the results of a malacological survey to know the distribution of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Macapá, Amapá, in the Brazilian Amazon region, after the report of a case of eosinophilic meningitis in 2018. Mollusks were collected in 45 neighborhoods between March 2019 and February 2020. They were identified, parasitologically analyzed, and their nematodes parasites were identified based on the morphology and MT-CO1 sequencing. Infections of An. cantonensis were observed in Achatina fulica, Sarasinula linguaeformis and Subulina octona. These are the first records of the natural infection of the last two species by An. cantonensis in the Brazilian Amazon region. The angiostrongylid Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, which parasitizes cats, was also detected parasitizing A. fulica and Diplosolenodes occidentalis. This is also the first record of the slug D. occidentalis infected by Ae. abstrusus. The highest infection rates were recorded in neighborhoods where the environment conditions favor the proliferation of both mollusks and rodents. The results demonstrate the ample distribution of An. cantonensis in Macapá and the need for surveillance and mollusk vector control in Brazil and other countries.
ABSTRACT
The Tritoniidae provides one of the most famous model species for neurophysiology and behaviour, yet a well-developed phylogenetic framework for this family is still incomplete. In this study, we explored the species-level taxonomy, phylogenetic relationships, and geographic distributions of the tritoniid nudibranchs. During numerous expeditions, specimens from southern South America, Sub-Antarctic Islands, and Antarctica were collected, documented alive, and fixed for anatomical descriptions and genetic sequencing. DNA from 167 specimens were extracted and sequenced for mitochondrial (COI, 16S) and nuclear (H3) markers. An additional 109 sequences of all available tritoniids plus additional outgroups were downloaded from GenBank for comparative purposes. Maximum Likelihood under the GHOST model of evolution and Bayesian inference using the GTR + GAMMA model produced congruent topologies from concatenated alignments. The results of ABGD, GMYC, bPTP, and mPTP species delimitation analyses suggest many separately evolving units that do not coincide with traditionally recognized species limits. Southern Ocean Tritoniella and Tritonia species split into several previously unrecognized species. This result is in accordance with the limited dispersal abilities of some southern tritoniids. Along with the most complete phylogeny of Tritoniidae to date, we also provided many taxonomic notes at the species and genus level. Tritoniidae species are yet another example of under-recognized diversity in the Southern Ocean.
Subject(s)
Gastropoda , Phylogeny , Animals , Antarctic Regions , Bayes Theorem , Gastropoda/classification , Gastropoda/genetics , South AmericaABSTRACT
Malformations in animals have long been known. In gastropod, natural and induced malformations are mentioned in different systems and in ocular tentacles, mainly linked to cases of parasitism and exposure to pollutants (molluscicides and chemicals). In this study we present a new malformation not documented in the ocular tentacles of slug Deroceras reticulatum that could be due to the action of pesticides. This malformation in D. reticulatum is the first malformation to be mentioned for South America in nursery gardens.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Gastropoda/anatomy & histology , Congenital Abnormalities , Pesticides/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Malformations in animals have long been known. In gastropod, natural and induced malformations are mentioned in different systems and in ocular tentacles, mainly linked to cases of parasitism and exposure to pollutants (molluscicides and chemicals). In this study we present a new malformation not documented in the ocular tentacles of slug Deroceras reticulatum that could be due to the action of pesticides. This malformation in D. reticulatum is the first malformation to be mentioned for South America in nursery gardens.
Subject(s)
Animals , Congenital Abnormalities , Gastropoda/anatomy & histology , Pesticides/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Em 1995, ocorreu uma praga de lesmas identificadas como Sarasinula linguaeformis (Semper, 1885), que prejudicou as lavouras situadas entre os municípios de Nova Itaberaba e Planalto Alegre, no oeste do estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Neste artigo analisamos os impactos socioeconômicos provocados pela ocorrência desta praga, que sinalizou a possibilidade, posteriormente verificada, da emergência de casos de angiostrongilíase abdominal. Os dados foram coletados através de observação do estudo soroepidemiológico realizado na região durante o período de agosto de 2000 a agosto de 2001 pela equipe de pesquisa da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), entrevistas com técnicos da Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina S.A. (Epagri-SC) e com cinquenta famílias locais. Para avaliar esses impactos, elaboramos algumas categorias de análise, como: prejuízo econômico; medidas preventivas e mudança de hábitos; estigma e preconceito, que surgiram à luz das narrativas dos sujeitos entrevistados. Ficou evidente a necessidade de se procederem a estudos sobre os aspectos sociológicos dos problemas epidemiológicos, além dos estritamente médico-sanitários.
In 1955 a population explosion of the slug Sarasinula linguaeformis (Semper, 1885) damaged crop plantations in the municipalities of Nova Itaberaba and Planalto Alegre, western of Santa Catarina State, Brazil. In this article we analyze the socioeconomic impacts caused by the emergence of this plague, which raised the suspicion, eventually confirmed, of the occurrence of human cases of abdominal angyostrongiliasis. The data were collected through the observation of a serological study during the period of August 2000 to August 2001 by a research team from the Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) together with field technicians from the Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina S.A. (Epagri-SC), and with the members of 50 local families. In order to analyze these impacts, we elaborated several analytical categories as economic losses; preventive measures, habit change and social prejudice, that emerged from the narratives of the residents interviewed. It became evident the need for sociological analyses of epidemiological problems, in addition to strictly medico-sanitary considerations.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Angiostrongylus/isolation & purification , Gastropoda/parasitology , Plants/parasitology , Brazil/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Strongylida Infections/epidemiologyABSTRACT
En una finca ecológica (FE) y una convencional (FC) se comparó el comportamiento de poblaciones de babosas y su relación con algunos carábidos predadores, la presencia de arvenses, prácticas agrícolas y la productividad de cuatro variedades de lechuga (Lactuca sativa. L.). Semanalmente se realizaron capturas de babosas, conteos de nivel de daño, altura y número de hojas en 10 plantas. Se recolectaron arvenses y coleópteros en las dos fincas. Los conteos totales de babosas en la FE fueron estadísticamente superiores. Se colectaron cuatro especies (Deroceras. reticulatum, Milax gagates, Deroceras. laeve y Limax. maximux) frente a dos encontradas en FC. Con excepción de la variedad "Morada Lisa", no se encontraron diferencias significativas en el nivel de daño en las otras variedades entre las dos fincas, pero sí en la variable peso seco de FE. En FE se presentaron 5 especies de carábidos y 25 de arvenses frente a ninguna y 6 en FC, respectivamente. Los datos anteriores se explican en función de las prácticas agronómicas de cada sistema de manejo.
In an organic (FE) and a conventional (FC) farm system the population behavior of slugs and their relationship with some carabids predators was compared, as well as, the presence of weeds, agricultural practices and productivity of four varieties of lettuce. Weekly catches of slugs were made and the damage level, height and the number of leaves in ten plants was measured. Weeds and carabids were collected in both farms. The total number of slugs in the FE was statistically higher and four species (D. reticulatum, Milax gagates, D. and L. laev maximux) were collected compared with two found in FC. With the exception of the variety "Morada Lisa", there were no significant differences in the level of damage in the other varieties between the two farms. There were significant differences in the dry weight variable in favour of the organic farm. In FE, 5 carabids species and 25 weeds were presented compared to none in FC and 6, respectively. The data above are explained in terms of the agronomic practices of each management system.