Socioformative pedagogical practices and academic performance in students: Mediation of socioemotional skills.

This study analyzes the mastery level of educators regarding eight socioformative pedagogical practices and their impact on the academic performance of their students, aiming to identify mediating factors within a longitudinal design framework. A total of 282 university teachers from Ecuador participated, with instruments applied at two points in time: during the pandemic and at its end. Convenience sampling was employed. The results indicate an acceptable level in the development of socioformative pedagogical practices among participants, as well as in their socio-emotional skills. Regression analysis revealed the influence of various variables on socioformative pedagogical practices, such as socio-emotional skills, continuous training, academic degree, and economic level. The structural equation model established a positive association between socioformative pedagogical practices assessed during the pandemic and the academic performance of students in terms of achieving learning outcomes evaluated one year after the COVID-19 pandemic. It was also found that socioformative pedagogical practices are influenced by socio-emotional skills. The conclusion is that teachers possess a medium level in the development of their pedagogical practices but need to strengthen them to achieve an advanced level through continuous training and by obtaining higher academic degrees. Moreover, enhancing socio-emotional skills is essential for improved performance.

Escala de competências socioemocionais para estudantes universitários: Produção de normas e sua relação com bem-estar subjetivo

As competências socioemocionais têm chamado a atenção de pesquisadores e programas de treinamento de habilidades socioemocionais têm sido desenvolvidos em muitos países. Este estudo teve como objetivo geral produzir normas para a escala de competências socioemocionais de estudantes universitários e analisar seu poder preditivo sobre o bem-estar subjetivo. A coleta foi realizada com uma amostra total de 1.020 estudantes de diversos cursos de graduação, de duas instituições de ensino particular do Distrito Federal. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados dois instrumentos. O primeiro foi a escala de competências socioemocionais para estudantes universitários, de Souza, Faiad e Rueda (2021), que realiza a investigação de seis fatores. O segundo instrumento, destinado a mensuração do bem-estar subjetivo, foi composto pela escala de afetos positivos e negativos, de Zanon e Hutz (2014) e a escala de satisfação com a vida, de Zanon, Bardagi, Layous e Hutz (2013). Para análise dos dados foram realizados cálculos de correlações de Pearson e análises de modelos de regressão linear múltipla. Quanto aos resultados, normas para fins de diagnóstico foram produzidas para a população geral. Os resultados mostraram também que a maioria dos fatores de competências socioemocionais para estudantes universitários se correlacionaram significativamente com bem-estar subjetivo e foram capazes de predizer o bem-estar subjetivo. Concluiu-se que a escala de competência socioemocionais de estudante universitários pode ser utilizada para fins de diagnóstico, principalmente por apresentar um estudo normativo.

Socio-emotional skills have attracted the attention of researchers and training programs for socio-emotional skills have been developed worldwide. The general objective of this study was to produce norms for the socio-emotional competence scale of university students, as well as to analyze its predictive power on subjective well-being. The collection was carried out with a total sample of 1,020 students from different undergraduate courses, from two private educational institutions in the Federal District, in Brazil. Two instruments were used for data collection. The first was the Social-emotional Skills Scale for University Students, by Souza et al. (2021), which carries out the investigation of six factors. The second instrument, designed to measure subjective well-being, was composed of the Positive and Negative Affects Scale, by Zanon and Hutz (2014) and the Life Satisfaction Scale, by Zanon et al. (2013). For data analysis, calculations of Pearson correlations and analysis of multiple linear regression models were performed. As for the results, standards for diagnostic purposes were produced for the general population. The results also showed that most factors of socio-emotional competence for university students were significantly correlated with subjective well-being and others were able to predict subjective well-being. It is concluded that the Socio-emotional Competence Scale of University Students can be used for diagnostic purposes, mainly because it presents a normative study.

Las habilidades socioemocionales han llamado la atención de los investigadores y se han desarrollado programas de formación en habilidades socioemocionales en todo el mundo. El objetivo general de este estudio fue producir normas para la escala de competencia socioemocional de estudiantes universitarios, así como analizar su poder predictivo sobre el bienestar subjetivo. La recolección se realizó con una muestra total de 1.020 estudiantes de diferentes carreras de grado, de dos instituciones educativas privadas del Distrito Federal, en Brasil. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos para la recolección de datos. La primera fue la Escala de habilidades socioemocionales para estudiantes universitarios de Souza et al. (2021), que lleva a cabo la investigación de seis factores. El segundo instrumento, destinado a medir el bienestar subjetivo, estuvo compuesto por la Escala de afectos positivos y negativos, de Zanon y Hutz (2014) y la Escala de satisfacción con la vida, de Zanon et al. (2013). Para el análisis de datos, se realizaron cálculos de correlaciones de Pearson y análisis de modelos de regresión lineal múltiple. En cuanto a los resultados, se elaboraron estándares con fines diagnósticos para la población general. Los resultados también mostraron que la mayoría de los factores de competencia socioemocional para estudiantes universitarios se correlacionaron significativamente con el bienestar subjetivo y otros fueron capaces de predecir el bienestar subjetivo. Se concluye que la escala de competencia socioemocional de estudiantes universitarios puede ser utilizada con fines diagnósticos, principalmente porque presenta un estudio normativo.

Socioeconomic gradients in child development: Evidence from a Chilean longitudinal study 2010-2017.

Empirical evidence shows that lack of resources during infancy and the process of accumulating disadvantages throughout childhood have important consequences for cognitive and socio-emotional development. This paper examines socioeconomic gradients across language and socio-emotional measures. Using longitudinal data from 7-year, three-wave panel data, we study the patterns of socioeconomic status and child development in Chile and estimate how much of the wealth gap can be explained by different mediators like maternal educational and skills, child attendance of preschool and school, possession of books, or domestic violence indicators. We show that there are strong associations between household wealth and child development, and that, as the child grows, the gap between the most extreme quintiles of the distribution, both in cognitive and socio-emotional skills, persists but decreases in magnitude. Taking advantage of the longitudinal nature of the data, we calculate a permanent skill for each child and each skill dimension in this 7-year period. The analysis for the permanent component shows that wealth gaps are important to determine language, but not socio-emotional skills, and that the gap is larger for girls than for boys in the early childhood period. While mediators account for some of the associations, there is still a large socioeconomic gap that persists in receptive language among children. The most important factors that mediate the wealth gaps are inherited from maternal characteristics. By understanding the dynamism of social and cognitive vulnerability experienced during childhood and employing longitudinal data and methods, this study contributes to and extends the existing literature on socioeconomic gaps and child development in the Latin American context.

Riesgo de adicción a redes sociales e Internet y su relación con habilidades para la vida y socioemocionales en una muestra de estudiantes de bachillerato del municipio de Envigado / Risk of addiction to social networks and the Internet and its relationship with life and socio-emotional skills in a sample of high school students from the municipality of Envigado / Risco de dependência de redes sociais e Internet e sua relação com a vida e habilidades socioemocionais em uma amostra de estudantes do ensino médio do município de Envigado

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Abstract Introduction: Continuous increase in the use of social networks and the Internet, especially in the adolescent population, requires an in-depth study of the phenomenon, identifying its problematic use and the factors related to a possible risk of addiction. Objective: Evaluate the risk of addiction to social networks and the Internet and its relationship with life and social-emotional skills in a sample of adolescents. Method: A non-experimental correlational-level quantitative study was carried out, with the sample of 221 students from a public school. Was aplied the Adolescent Risk Scale for Addiction to Social Media and Internet, Life Skills Scale and some scales to assess socio-emotional skills. Results: Was found a medium level of risk of addiction in the study sample M 2,5 (Dt 0,6), showing the statistically significant difference in addiction symptoms (p=0,001), social use (p=0,044) and nomophobia (p=0,002) with the higher scores in the female gender, and in friki traits (p=0,001) with the higher scores in the male gender. Scores between M 1,4 (Dt 0,2) and M 2,0 (Dt 0,8) indicated a low level of life skills, with a statistically significant difference in all ten constitutive dimensions with the higher scores in the female gender. The socio-emotional skills was indicated the statistically significant difference in self-esteem (p=0,002), self-efficacy (p=0,000), life satisfaction (p=0,001) and tolerance to frustration (p=0,001) with the higher scores in the male gender. Resilience (p=0,019) and social skills (p=0,015) were significantly higher in women. Were identified negative correlations between variables: total risk of addiction with life skills (r=-0,475/p=0,009); friki traits with empathy (r=-0,140/p=0,037), emotion management (r=-0,159/ p=0,018), resilience (r=-0,245/p=0,000) and self-efficacy (r=-0,238/p=0,000); nomophobia with self-efficacy (r=-0,163/p=0,015) and frustration tolerance (r=-0,223/p=0,001); addiction symptoms with life satisfaction (r=-0,119/p=0,008) and tolerance to frustration (r=-0,357/p=0,000); social use of networks with the management of tensions and stress (r=-0,169/p=0,012). Also, positive correlations were identified between the use of social networks and some dimensions of social skills. Conclusions: The deficiencies in the soft skills of adolescents could be related to the increased risk of adiction to social networks and the Internet. On the other hand, a good development of these skills, added to other protective factors, could contribute to a responsible and careful management of the virtual world.

Resumo Introdução: O aumento contínuo do uso das redes sociais e da Internet, principalmente na população adolescente, requer um aprofundamento do fenômeno, identificando tanto seu uso problemático quanto os fatores relacionados a um possível risco de dependência. Objetivo: Avaliar o risco de dependência às redes sociais e à Internet e sua relação com habilidades de vida e socioemocionais em uma amostra de adolescentes. Método: Estudo quantitativo, não experimental, correlacional, com desenho transversal; A amostra foi composta por 221 alunos de uma escola pública; A Rede Social e Escala de Risco de Dependência da Internet (ERA-RSI), escala de habilidades para a vida e várias escalas foram usadas para avaliar habilidades socioemocionais. Resultados: Um nível médio de risco de dependência foi identificado na amostra do estudo M 2,5 (Dt 0,6), mostrando a diferença estatisticamente significativa nos sintomas de dependência (p=0,001), uso social (p=0,044) e nomofobia (p=0,002 ) em favor do gênero feminino e em traços geek (p=0,001) em favor do gênero masculino. Escores entre M 1,4 (Dt 0,2) e M 2,0 (Dt 0,8) indicaram baixo nível de habilidades para a vida, com diferença estatisticamente significativa em todas as dez dimensões constitutivas a favor do gênero feminino. As habilidades socioemocionais mostraram uma diferença estatisticamente significativa na autoestima (p=0,002), autoeficácia (p=0,000), satisfação com a vida (p=0,001) e tolerância à frustração (p=0,001) a favor do gênero masculino. Resiliência (p=0,019) e habilidades sociais (p=0,015) foram significativamente maiores nas mulheres. Foram identificadas correlações negativas entre as variáveis: risco total de dependência com habilidades para a vida (r=-0,475 / p=0,009); Traços de geek com empatia (r=-0,140 / p=0,037), gerenciamento de emoção (r=-0,159 / p=0,018), resiliência (r=-0,245 / p=0,000) e autoeficácia (r=-0,238 / p=0,000); Nomofobia com autoeficácia (r=-0,163 / p=0,015) e tolerância à frustração (r=-0,223 / p=0,001); sintomas de vício com satisfação com a vida (r=-0,119 / p=0,008) e tolerância à frustração (r=-0,357 / p=0,000); uso social de redes com o gerenciamento de tensões e estresse (r=-0,169 / p=0,012). Da mesma forma, foram identificadas correlações positivas entre o uso de redes sociais e várias dimensões constituintes das habilidades sociais. Conclusões: As deficiências nas soft skills de adolescentes podem estar relacionadas ao aumento do risco de dependência de redes sociais e Internet. Por outro lado, um bom desenvolvimento dessas habilidades, somado a outros fatores de proteção, pode contribuir para uma gestão responsável e cuidadosa do mundo virtual.

Effectiveness of a Prevention Program for Gender-Based Intimate Partner Violence at a Colombian Primary School.

Intimate partner violence, particularly against women, is widely studied owing to its high rates, based on transnational data. Colombia, where this form of violence is considerably common, is no exception, and such violence is occurring more and more often in increasingly younger couples (10-14 years old). Further, risk factors such as wide acceptance, the justification of intimate partner violence, extremely rigid traditional gender roles, and poor socio-emotional skills play a crucial role. In accordance with this reality, a gender-based intimate partner violence prevention program was designed, implemented, and evaluated for primary school children in Colombia based on a review of successful preventive programs and an identification of the main predictors of intimate partner violence. The program was evaluated using a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental design that included an experimental and a control group. In total, 344 participants were involved in the study: 195 boys (56.7%) and 149 girls (43.4%) from the second and third grades of a primary school (average age: 7.8 years) at a Colombian educational institution. The experimental group consisted of 200 participants and the control group of 144 participants. The program's effectiveness was evaluated by measuring three groups of variables (gender stereotypes, the acceptance of violence, and socio-emotional skills) using reliable scales. To analyze the program's effectiveness, mixed ANOVAs with a within-subjects factor (when the group was measured), two between-subjects factors (group and gender), and a covariate (age) were used. The results showed that the participants in the experimental group had lower scores in gender stereotypes, acceptance of peer aggression, and acceptance of physical violence against women compared to the control group. Conversely, they had higher scores in affective empathy after the intervention; both groups showed no significant differences before the intervention. This program is highly relevant because it has proven to have a positive impact on the participants and is innovative due to the lack of preventive programs that have been implemented in primary education and evaluated within the Colombian context.

Educação infantil e desempenho cognitivo e socioemocional / Early childhood education and cognitive and socio-emotional performance

O estudo investigou a relação entre tempo de escolarização (em meses) e desempenho em medidas cognitivas e de habilidades socioemocionais. Participaram 125 crianças (M=5,57; DP=0,53), 55 de Pré-II e 70 de 1º ano de escolas públicas, avaliadas em raciocínio não verbal, vocabulário, atenção e funções executivas. Pais preencheram questionário de informações e o SDQ, utilizado como índice de habilidades socioemocionais. Houve grande variabilidade no tempo de escolarização. Houve efeito do nível escolar, porém não de variáveis socioeconômicas, sobre o desempenho das crianças. Apenas três correlações foram evidenciadas entre tempo de escolarização e desempenho, sendo que duas apontaram que crianças com maior tempo de escolarização possuem piores resultados. A qualidade da Educação Infantil é discutida como elemento explicativo destes achados, reforçando discussões atuais de que currículos escolares devem ser baseados em evidências científicas.

The study investigated the relationship between schooling time (in months) and performance on cognitive measures and socio-emotional skills (SES). Participants were 125 children (M=5.57, SD=0.53), 55 of Pre-II and 70 of 1st grade from public schools, assessed at non-verbal reasoning, vocabulary, attention and executive functions. Parents completed an information questionnaire and the SDQ, used as SES index. There was great variability in schooling time. Effect of school level, but not socioeconomic variables, was found on children's performance. Only three significant correlations were found between schooling time and performance, and 2 of them showed that children with higher schooling time have worse outcomes. The quality of Early Childhood Education is discussed as an explanatory element of findings. Our data reinforce the discussion that school curricula should be based on scientific evidence.