e-Seating - Aplicativo para apoiar o processo de avaliação e prescrição de cadeira de rodas e dispositivos de adequação postural: avaliação da experiência do usuário / e-Seating - Application to support evaluation and prescription process of wheelchairs and postural support devices: user experience evaluation

Objetivo: Avaliar a usabilidade do aplicativo e-Seating no estado de MVP, levando em consideração a experiência dos prescritores na prática clínica. Métodos: Foi utilizada a Design-Based Research (DBR) e a metodologia ágil Scrum com abordagem de desenvolvimento iterativo para aperfeiçoamento do e-Seating, considerando as avaliações dos usuários por um questionário de Experiência do Usuário - UEQ (sigla para User Experience Questionnaire) baseado em Schrepp, Hinderks e Thomaschewski. Foram realizados 3 testes com 17 profissionais prescritores de cadeira de rodas, sendo divididos para teste 1 com 6 profissionais, teste 2 com 5 e teste 3 com 6 profissionais. Os dados foram analisados por teste estatístico (teste t) e ferramenta de análise do UEQ. Resultados: Com a avaliação de experiência do usuário e aperfeiçoamento constante do e-Seating com base nas avaliações, conclui-se que o e-Seating teve maior aceitabilidade pelos prescritores que trabalham em locais privados e com profissionais autônomos do que com profissionais que atuam no setor público. Conclusão: O uso do App pode apoiar os profissionais de reabilitação no processo de prescrição de cadeira de rodas, ajudando a sistematizar e integrar as informações em toda jornada do paciente.

Objective: To evaluate the usability of the e-Seating application in the MVP state, taking into account the experience of prescribers in clinical practice. Methods: Design-Based Research (DBR) and agile Scrum methodology with an iterative development approach were used to improve e-Seating, considering user evaluations through a User Experience Questionnaire - UEQ based on Schrepp, Hinderks and Thomaschewski. Three tests were performed with 17 wheelchair prescribers, being divided into test 1 with 6 professionals, test 2 with 5 and test 3 with 6 professionals. Data were analyzed by statistical test (t test) and UEQ analysis tool. Results: With the evaluation of user experience and constant improvement of e-Seating based on the evaluations, it was concluded that e-Seating was more acceptable by prescribers who work in private places and with self-employed professionals than with professionals who work in the Public sector. Conclusion: The use of the App can support rehabilitation professionals in the wheelchair prescription process, helping to systematize and integrate information throughout the patient's journey.

Design and Evaluation of a Technological Platform for Monitoring Patients with Dementia: Unifying Requirements from Mexican Day Centers.

The monitoring of patients with dementia who receive comprehensive care in day centers allows formal caregivers to make better decisions and provide better care to patients. For instance, cognitive and physical therapies can be tailored based on the current stage of disease progression. In the context of day centers of the Mexican Federation of Alzheimer, this work aims to design and evaluate Alzaid, a technological platform for assisting formal caregivers in monitoring patients with dementia. Alzaid was devised using a participatory design methodology that consisted in eliciting and validating requirements from 22 and 9 participants, respectively, which were unified to guide the construction of a high-fidelity prototype evaluated by 14 participants. The participants were formal caregivers, medical staff, and management. This work contributes a high-fidelity prototype of a technological platform for assisting formal caregivers in monitoring patients with dementia considering restrictions and requirements of four Mexican day centers. In general, the participants perceived the prototype as quite likely to be useful, usable, and relevant in the job of monitoring patients with dementia (p-value < 0.05). By evaluating and designing Alzaid that unifies requirements for monitoring patients of four day centers, this work is the first effort towards a standard monitoring process of patients with dementia in the context of the Mexican Federation of Alzheimer.

Technology for the treatment promotion of adults living with HIV: Positive o Cuidado (Positive the Care) / Tecnología para la promoción del tratamiento de usuario adulto viviendo con VIH: Positiva el Cuidado / Tecnologia para a promoção do tratamento de usuário adulto vivendo com HIV: Positive o Cuidado

ABSTRACT Objectives: to develop a responsive website focused on treatment adherence for adult users living with HIV. Methods: technological study conducted between August and October 2020, in the light of Pierre Lévy's theoretical-philosophical framework, using the Double Diamond Process methodology associated with the five stages of The Elements of User Experience framework. Results: it was developed the responsive website Positive Care (Positive o Cuidado), composed of an initial presentation screen and 13 other screens named: Family Health and You; Undetectable = Untransmissible; Antiretroviral Drugs; Routine Tests; Vaccination; Antiretroviral Delivery; Drug Interactions; Combined Prevention; Support Services; Healthy Life; Family and Reproductive Planning; Covid 19; and Questions, Curiosities, and Myths. Final Considerations: the responsive website was developed based on the software design and programming process and has requirements/functionalities with the potential to strengthen the collective intelligence about HIV and, consequently, to promote treatment adherence by its users.

RESUMEN Objetivo: desarrollar sitio responsivo con enfoque en la adhesión al tratamiento de usuarios adultos viviendo con VIH. Métodos: estudio tecnológico realizado entre agosto y octubre de 2020, basado en el referencial teórico-filosófico de Pierre Lévy, usando la metodología Double Diamond Process relacionada a los cinco planes del framework The Elements of User Experience. Resultados: fue desarrollado el sitio responsivo "Positiva el Cuidado", compuesto por pantalla inicial de presentación y miás 13 pantallas denominadas: Salud de la familia y tú; Indétectable = Intransmisible; Medicaciones antirretrovirales; Exámenes de rutina; Vacunación; Entrega de antirretrovirales; Interacciones medicamentosas; Prevención combinada; Servicios de apoyo; Vida saludable; Planeamiento familiar y reproductivo; Covid-19; y Dudas, Curiosidad y Mitos. Consideraciones Finales: el sitio responsivo fue desarrollado basado en el proceso de diseño y programación del software y posee requisitos/funcionalidades con potencial de fortalecer la inteligencia colectiva acerca del VIH y, consecuentemente, promover la adhesión al tratamiento por sus usuarios.

RESUMO Objetivos: desenvolver site responsivo com foco na adesão ao tratamento de usuários adultos vivendo com HIV. Métodos: estudo tecnológico realizado entre agosto e outubro de 2020, à luz do referencial teórico-filosófico de Pierre Lévy, usando a metodologia Double Diamond Process associada aos cinco planos do framework The Elements of User Experience. Resultados: foi desenvolvido o site responsivo "Positive o Cuidado", composto por tela inicial de apresentação e mais 13 telas denominadas: Saúde da família e você; Indetectável = Intransmissível; Medicações antirretrovirais; Exames de rotina; Vacinação; Entrega de antirretrovirais; Interações medicamentosas; Prevenção combinada; Serviços de apoio; Vida saudável; Planejamento familiar e reprodutivo; Covid-19; e Dúvidas, Curiosidade e Mitos. Considerações Finais: o site responsivo foi desenvolvido com base no processo de design e programação do software e possui requisitos/funcionalidades com potencial de fortalecer a inteligência coletiva acerca do HIV e, consequentemente, promover a adesão ao tratamento por seus usuários.

Prototipo para el control sanitario internacional en el policlínico universitario "Pedro Borrás Astorga" / Prototype for international health control at Pedro Borras Astorga university polyclinic

RESUMEN Introducción: el programa de Control Sanitario Internacional implementado en Cuba permite el control y seguimiento, en todo el país, de las enfermedades endémicas y transmisibles por vectores, procedentes de otros países. Esto se realiza de forma manual, por teléfono y con el intercambio de documentos. Por ello, se decidió elaborar una herramienta informática que satisfaga las necesidades, en el Departamento de Higiene y Epidemiología del Policlínico. Objetivo: desarrollar el prototipo de una aplicación informática para el control sanitario internacional en el Departamento de Higiene y Epidemiología del Policlínico Universitario "Pedro Borrás Astorga". Métodos: la investigación obedece a un proyecto de innovación tecnológica para definir la arquitectura de la información que se gestiona durante el control sanitario internacional. Se ejecutaron las etapas de análisis y diseño de la aplicación, con el empleo de la metodología ágil para el desarrollo de software. Además, se han aplicado métodos teóricos y empíricos como el histórico-lógico, el analítico-sintético, el inductivo-deductivo, las entrevistas y el análisis documental. Resultados: se describen los primeros resultados de la investigación, a partir del estudio de las necesidades y las carencias actuales del personal del Departamento de Higiene y Epidemiología. Se desarrolló la arquitectura de la información que se gestiona para lograr el control sanitario internacional. Conclusiones: el prototipo obtenido, permitirá a los futuros programadores implementar el software necesario para apoyar al personal del departamento en la toma de decisiones, de forma significativa a la reducción de riesgos por graves epidemias, beneficiará a los profesionales con una herramienta informática que puede simplificar su trabajo, tributar a la optimización del tiempo, la gestión y la seguridad de la información.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the International Sanitary Control Program implemented in Cuba allows the control and follow-up, throughout the country, of endemic and vector-borne diseases from other countries. This is manually done, by telephone and with the exchange of documents. Therefore, it was decided to develop a computerized tool to meet the needs of the Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology of the Polyclinic. Objective: to develop the prototype of a computer application for international sanitary control in the Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology at Pedro Borras Astorga University Polyclinic. Methods: the research complies with a technological innovation project to define the architecture of the information managed during the international sanitary control. The stages of analysis and design of the application were carried out using the agile methodology for software development. In addition, theoretical and empirical methods such as historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, interviews and documentary analysis were applied. Results: the first results of the research are described, based on the study of the current needs and deficiencies found for the personnel of the Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology. The architecture of the information managed to achieve international sanitary control was developed. Conclusions: the prototype obtained, will allow future programmers to implement the necessary software to support the staff of the department in decision making, significantly reducing risks due to serious epidemics, it will benefit professionals with a computer tool that can simplify their work, contribute to the optimization of time, management and information security.

Estrategia didáctica para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del diseño de software con la utilización del método de proyecto / Didactic strategy for the teaching-learning process of software design by the project method

El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo elaborar una estrategia para la implementación de un modelo didáctico para la enseñanza-aprendizaje del diseño de software mediante el método de proyectos, entre los contenidos de la asignatura Ingeniería y Gestión de Software de la carrera Sistemas de Información en Salud. Se adoptó un enfoque dialéctico -asumido también como base filosófica-, a partir del cual se emplearon métodos y procedimientos teóricos, empíricos y matemático-estadísticos. Atendiendo a las bases teóricas y principios previamente definidos, se elaboró una estrategia didáctica estructurada en seis acciones encaminadas a la preparación de profesores y directivos para el desarrollo de la virtualidad y la investigación. La propuesta se concretó a través de acciones específicas, dirigidas al perfeccionamiento del proceso de formación en diseño de software mediante proyecto, para la solución de problemas profesionales de los estudiantes de la carrera que se investiga(AU)

The objective of this work was to develop a strategy for the implementation of a didactic model for the teaching-learning of software design through the project method, among the contents of the Engineering and Software Management subject of the Health Information Systems career. A dialectical approach was adopted -also assumed as a philosophical basis, from which theoretical, empirical and mathematical-statistical methods and procedures were used. Based on the theoretical bases and previously defined principles, a didactic strategy structured in six actions aimed at preparing teachers and managers for the development of virtuality and research was developed. The proposal was materialized through specific actions, aimed at improving the training process in software design through a project, for the solution of professional problems of the students of the career under investigation(AU)

Metodologias ativas e o ensino tecnicista na saúde: a prática docente / Active methodologies and technicist teaching in health: the teaching practice

Objetivo: Caracterizar a percepção do docente sobre as metodologias ativas utilizadas na educação profissional da área da saúde, bem como, desenvolver um prospecto de aplicativo para dispositivos móveis com conteúdo voltado ao ensino ativo. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo-ação, de natureza qualitativa em uma Instituição Escolar Vale do Paraíba, a coleta deu-se em Maio 2019 a amostra foi determinada por conveniência. Resultados: A estratégia que o professor utiliza para desenvolver um conteúdo é o instrumento mais importante para alcançar os objetivos a que se propõe. Entretanto, não existe um método pedagógico universal, e sim uma infinidade de recursos ou ferramentas que o mesmo lança mão para mediar o processo ensino. Conclusão: O papel do professor, enquanto facilitador no processo de ensino-aprendizagem é fundamental no sentido de abrir-se e adequar-se às novas demandas.(AU)

Objective: To characterize the perception of teachers about active methodologies used in professional education in the health area, as well as to develop an application prospectus for mobile devices with content aimed at active teaching. Methods: This is a field-action research, qualitative in nature in a School Institution Vale do Paraiba, the collection took place in May 2019 and the sample was determined by convenience. Results: The strategy that the teacher uses to develop content is the most important instrument to achieve the goals it proposes. However, there is no universal pedagogical method, but an infinity of resources or tools that it uses to mediate the teaching process. Conclusion: The teacher's role, as a facilitator in the teachinglearning process, is fundamental in the sense of opening up and adapting to new demands.(AU)

Objetivo: Caracterizar la percepción de los profesores sobre las metodologías activas y las prácticas pedagógicas utilizadas en la formación profesional en los cursos del área de la salud, así como desarrollar inicialmente un prospecto de una aplicación para dispositivos móviles con contenidos centrados en estrategias de enseñanza activa. Métodos: Se trata de una investigación de campo, de carácter cualitativo. Se elaboró un instrumento de recopilación de datos para las entrevistas con los docentes de una institución privada de enseñanza técnica, amostra determinada por conveniencia. Para elaborar el prospecto de aplicación se utilizó la metodología del Design Thinking. Resultados: La estrategia que el profesor utiliza para desarrollar un contenido es la herramienta más importante para lograr sus objetivos. Sin embargo, no existe un método pedagógico universal, sino una multitud de recursos o herramientas que el profesor utiliza para estimular el aprendizaje del alumno. Conclusión: El papel del profesor, como facilitador en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, es fundamental para adaptarse a las nuevas exigencias, para estar abierto a nuevas prácticas pedagógicas, para aceptar los retos que imprime la educación de hoy y del futuro, de enseñar a aprender y de aprender a enseñar.(AU)

Arquitectura de información para la gestión de colaboración al ciudadano en salud en las áreas del municipio Pinar del Río / Information Architecture for the management of collaborative information to the Citizen on health care issues in the areas of Pinar del Río municipality

RESUMEN Introducción: las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones actualmente son elementos fundamentales para la superación y desarrollo de un país. Por otra parte, Cuba ha identificado desde muy temprano la necesidad de introducir en la práctica social las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones y lograr una cultura digital como una de las características imprescindibles del hombre nuevo. Cuba avanza hacia el Gobierno electrónico, a través de la alfabetización digital e informacional en los procesos decisivos, con canales que permitan aumentar la participación ciudadana. Objetivo: desarrollar la Arquitectura de Información para la Colaboración al Ciudadano en materia de Salud en las áreas del municipio Pinar del Río. Métodos: se realiza una investigación de Innovación Tecnológica sobre la gestión de la información en las áreas de salud del municipio objeto de estudio según la metodología de desarrollo de software para Programación Extrema, y con la aplicación de métodos teóricos y empíricos para el análisis, revisión y modelación de los procesos objetos de informatización. Resultados: se constató que la propuesta informática está basada en gestionar la información de los diferentes servicios médicos, como herramienta para ayudar a organizar el sistema y proporcionarle más eficiencia. Conclusión: se elaboró un prototipo informático que evitará el cumulo de personal que acude a las instituciones en busca de respuesta a preguntas dirigidas al conocimiento u orientación para una problemática determinada, en función de la proyección comunitaria.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Information Technologies are currently essential elements for the improvement and development of a country, on the other hand, Cuba has identified from very early on the need to introduce Information and Communication Technologies in social practice and achieve a digital- technology culture as one of the crucial characteristics of the new man. Cuba is moving towards electronic-government, achieving digital technology and information literacy in the decisive processes, creating channels to increase citizen participation. How to contribute to the management of collaborative information to the citizen on health care issues in the areas of Pinar del Río municipality? Objective: to develop the Information Architecture for the Citizen Collaboration in the health care issues in the areas of Pinar del Río municipality. Methods: a Technological Innovation Research on information management in the health care areas of the municipality under study is carried out following the methodology of software development for Extreme Programming, and applying theoretical and empirical methods for the analysis, review and modeling of the processes under computerization. Results: it was found that the proposal of information technology is based on managing the information of the different medical services, serving as a tool to help to the organization of the healthcare system and make it more efficient. Conclusion: a computerized prototype was created that will avoid the gathering of people who come to the institutions in search of answers to questions directed to knowledge or orientation for a determined problematic on purpose of the community projection.

A Bowling Exergame to Improve Functional Capacity in Older Adults: Co-Design, Development, and Testing to Compare the Progress of Playing Alone Versus Playing With Peers.

BACKGROUND: Older people often do not meet the recommended levels of exercise required to reduce functional decline. Social interaction is mentioned by this cohort as a reason for joining group-based exercises, which does not occur when exercising alone. This perspective shows that exergames can be used as motivational resources. However, most available exergames are generic, obtained from commercial sources, and usually not specifically designed or adapted for older people. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aim to co-design and develop a new exergame alongside older participants to (1) tailor the game mechanics and optimize participants' adherence to and enjoyment of exercise; (2) test the participants' functional capacity, motivation, and adherence to the exergaming program; and (3) compare these scores between those who played alone and those who played with peers. METHODS: We conducted a co-design process to develop a new exergame adapted to older people. For user testing, 23 participants were divided into 2 groups to play individually (alone group) or to compete in pairs (with peers group). They played the game twice a week, resulting in 21 exergaming sessions. We assessed the participants' General Physical Fitness Index (GPFI) before and after the user testing. We also administered questionnaires about the gaming experience and exercise adherence with its motivators and barriers. RESULTS: We introduced a new bowling exergame for Xbox with a Kinect motion sensor that can be played in single or multiplayer mode. For the GPFI measurements, the sample was homogeneous in the pretest (with peers group: mean 40.5 [SD 9.6], alone group: mean 33.9 [SD 7.8]; P=.11). After the exergame testing sessions, both groups had significant gains (with peers group: mean 57.5 [SD 8.7], P=.005; alone group: mean 44.7 [SD 10.6]; P=.02). Comparing the posttest between groups, it was found that the group in which participants played with peers had better outcomes than the group in which participants played alone (P=.02). Regarding the gaming experience and exercise adherence, both groups recognized the benefits and expressed enthusiasm toward the exergame. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the developed exergame helps in improving the functional capacity and adherence to physical exercise among older people, with even better results for those who played with peers. In addition to leading to more appropriate products, a co-design approach may positively influence the motivation and adherence of participants.

Detection of mycobacteria in paraffin-embedded Ziehl-Neelsen-Stained tissues using digital pathology.

INTRODUCTION: Early diagnosis of paucibacillary tuberculosis represents a challenge, even with direct tissue examination. Digital pathology allows the digital analysis of tissues to identify microorganisms. We aim to develop a program to detect and quantify typical and atypical mycobacteria in paraffin-embedded Ziehl-Neelsen-stained tissues. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Program development: The building of the program, named Pat-Scan, included pathology, systems engineering, and scientific applications. The iScan Coreo Au scanner® was used, and 9 variables were adjusted. Ten Ziehl-Neelsen-stained samples were fragmented into 2000 images and analyzed to validate the reproducibility of the bacilli images in the tissue, as detected by the software. RESULTS: Pat-Scan included software and a scanner that were used to detect and quantify bacilli in paraffin-embedded Ziehl-Neelsen-stained tissues. All samples containing mycobacteria were successfully analyzed by the scanner, and the bacilli could be detected; these results were validated by expert pathologists by microscopy examination, and the presence of bacilli was confirmed in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Pat-Scan allowed the identification and quantification of mycobacteria in paraffin-embedded Ziehl-Neelsen-stained tissues, offering a reproducible diagnostic method that reduces the time for diagnosis and does not affect precision. Further validation is needed for application in the clinical setting.

Designing a Patient-Centered Notification System into a PHR.

Personal health records could help patients overcome the anxiety related to gaps on health related information. The objective of this research was to explore what type of information was perceived by patients as useful to receive as a notification on their PHR as a framework for the design of a patient-centered notification system. We applied a qualitative approach followed by usability tests. From interviews to patients, we obtained main categories of notifications to include according to its perceived usefulness while, from iterative usability tests, we obtained a final version of prototypes developed according to patient-interface interaction experiences. This research helped us to understand patients needs and behavior to design an efficient notification system and also represents the first step for the development of clinical decision support systems for patients into the PHR with the potential to improve clinical outcomes and healthcare delivery.

Comportamiento histórico de la enseñanza del diseño de software para la carrera Sistemas de Información en Salud / Historical Behavior of Software Design Teaching for Health Information Systems Career

Introducción: El Sistema Nacional de Salud, por su misión, cobertura y características, requiere de un constante flujo informativo, por lo que necesita un personal especializado en el uso de tecnologías que les permita dirigir y gestionar la infraestructura necesaria para la efectiva toma de decisiones en el Sector. Objetivo: Analizar el comportamiento histórico de la enseñanza del diseño de software en la carrera Sistemas de Información en Salud. Métodos: Para la realización de la presente investigación de tipo descriptiva, se utilizaron como principales métodos los de nivel teórico: Histórico-lógico, Análisis-síntesis, Inducción-deducción y Enfoque sistémico, dentro de los de nivel empíricos el de Análisis documental. Resultados: Se obtiene una valoración del análisis realizado a los documentos normativos que rigen el Proceso de Enseñanza y Aprendizaje del diseño de software en el mundo, América Latina y Cuba que puede ser utilizado como medio complementario de apoyo a la preparación metodológica de los profesores de la disciplina Informática. Conclusiones: Existen elementos curriculares que deben ser atendidos con el fin de aumentar la calidad del proceso docente, a pesar de que se han alcanzado grandes avances cualitativos y cuantitativos en todos los aspectos de este proceso(AU)

Introduction: The National Health System, its mission, coverage and characteristics, requires a constant flow of information in order to maintain a high level of knowledge of each of the activities undertaken at all levels for driving management processes and services. A specialist in the use of technologies is necessary in order to allow lead and manage effective decision making in the Health Sector infrastructure. Objective: To analyze the historical behavior of Software Design teaching in Health Information Systems program. Methods: as the main methods of theoretical level: Historical and logical, analysis-synthesis, induction, deduction and systemic approach, within the empirical level: documentary analysis. Results: An assessment of the regulatory documents governing the teaching and learning of software design in the world, Latin America and Cuba, that can be used as a supplementary means of support for the methodological training of teachers of the discipline. Conclusions: The current medical education in Cuba, has made great qualitative and quantitative progress in all aspects of the teaching process, but there are curricular elements that must be addressed in order to increase the quality of the teaching process(AU)

Tratamiento de tumores de piel con SENSUS SRT-100TM en el Centro Oncológico Pinareño / Treatment of skin tumors with SENSUS SRT-100TM at Cancer Treatment Center of Pinar del Río

RESUMEN Introducción: al atender la alta incidencia de cáncer cutáneo no melanómico, donde son utilizados tratamientos con radiaciones ionizantes, en específico con el equipo SENSUS SRT-100TM, en el Centro de Atención al Paciente Oncológico de Pinar del Río, y dada la necesidad de usar con eficacia prestaciones relacionadas con esta práctica; se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo para discutir sobre el uso de aspectos relacionados con el paciente, sus lesiones, administración y aprovechamiento de la máquina de tratamiento, con vistas a incrementar los beneficios en esta terapia. Objetivo: realizar un estudio observacional retrospectivo con los tratamientos de radioterapia superficial, con la utilización del equipo SENSUS SRT-100TM, que muestre la necesidad del uso de criterios apropiados con vistas a incrementar la calidad del servicio y eficacia en el aprovechamiento de los recursos. Métodos: se utilizó el método observacional retrospectivo, con el universo de pacientes tratados mediante radioterapia superficial Resultados: el 60,3 % había recibido algún tratamiento previo en al menos una de sus lesiones. El 77,8 % presentaron riesgo intermedio o alto de recurrencia de la enfermedad y el 65 % de los esquemas estuvieron dentro de la ventana terapéutica recomendada de TDFs. El aprovechamiento de la máquina resultó ser bajo. Conclusiones: incrementar el uso de criterios apropiados y fortalecer la formación de especialidades encargadas con estos tratamientos, elevaría la calidad de los mismos y eficacia en el aprovechamiento de los recursos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: considering the high incidence of non-melanomic skin cancer, where treatments with ionizing radiations are used, specifically with the SENSUS SRT-100TM equipment at Cancer Treatment Center of Pinar del Río, and given the need to effectively apply the benefits related to this practice, a retrospective observational study was conducted to discuss the use of aspects related to patients, lesions, administration and application of the treatment machine with a view to increase the benefits of this therapy. Objective: to conduct a retrospective observational study with superficial radiotherapy treatment using SENSUS SRT-100TM equipment, showing the need for the use of the appropriate criteria in order to increase the quality of the service and its efficiency making good use of the resources. Methods: the retrospective observational method was applied, with the target group of patients treated with superficial radiotherapy. Results: 60.3% had received some previous treatment in at least one of their lesions. The 77.8% presented intermediate or high risk of recurrence of the disease and 65% of the schemes were within the recommended therapeutic window of Time-Dose-Fractionation Factors (TDFs). Machine utilization turned out to be low. Conclusions: increasing the use of appropriate criteria and strengthening the training of specialties entrusted with these treatments could improve their quality and efficiency in the use of resources.

A Game to Deal With Alcohol Abuse (Jib): Development and Game Experience Evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Alcohol abuse is the primary cause of (public) health problems in most parts of the world. However, it is undeniable that alcohol consumption is a practice that is widely accepted socially in many places, even being protected by law as a cultural and historical heritage. The issue of alcohol abuse is complex and urgent, and consequently, it is necessary to create innovative approaches such as the proposal explored in this study. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the development and evaluation of a serious game for smartphones to present a novel approach to address the issue of alcohol abuse. METHODS: A serious game was developed to instill the consequences of alcohol abuse into the player through experimentation in the game. In the game, the consequences of alcohol use are demonstrated by increasing the game speed that gives an illusion of fun but also leads to a premature death. The evaluation employed an assessment based on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Game Experience Questionnaire (GEQ). The participants belonged to the university student's house. RESULTS: The game development process has been presented, including its mechanics and gameplay. The game has the style of action and adventure games in which the player controls an indigenous avatar that can deflect or attack opponents coming his or her way. The game evaluation comprised an assessment based on 23 participants, aged 20 to 29 years. According to the AUDIT assessment, 18 participants reported having a low or nonexistent degree of alcohol dependence and 5 declared average dependence. Regarding their habit of playing games on smartphones, 9 participants declared they have this habit of playing (habitual players), and among the 14 that did not have this habit of playing (nonhabitual players), 3 participants declared not having a smartphone at all. The GEQ core assessment showed a higher positive affect among the participants with a habit of playing games, scoring 2.80 (habitual players) on a scale of 4.0 versus 1.61 (nonhabitual players), and higher tension as an opposite relationship of 0.81 (nonhabitual players) versus 0.37 (habitual players). The overall GEQ evaluation showed that the game presents a more positive than negative affect on all users, besides showing the other desirable characteristics of serious games. CONCLUSIONS: We present a new way of dealing with the issue of alcohol abuse through a game designed for smartphones. It promotes an overall positive user experience, having a greater impact on users accustomed to games. The proposed approach has its niche, though it is still a minority in the evaluated population. Further research should explore new game features, such as new styles, to make the game more attractive to a wider audience, in addition to performing an in-depth study on the effects of playing it.

Development of an App to look up the anesthetic implications of genetic syndromes and rare diseases in patients / Creación de una aplicación electrónica para consultar las implicaciones anestésicas de los síndromes genéticos y enfermedades raras en los pacientes

Abstract Introduction: Orphan diseases are a heterogeneous group of conditions involving the structure and functioning of several organs and systems; this represents a significant challenge for the anesthesiologist and the surgical team. Specific knowledge of each disease reduces the risk of any adverse events secondary to perioperative management errors in these patients. Objective: Developing a strategy to quickly and effectively look up for the perioperative risks of patients with rare diseases. Methods: An academic literature review was conducted and the information available in databases was selected. A group of engineers and designers summarized the information and developed a software application for mobile devices, to look up at a list of rare diseases, their description, any surgical implications, and the most relevant anesthetic considerations. Results: The CARAN App (CARAN is the Spanish acronym for Rare Cases in Anesthesia) was developed, which may be downloaded into any iOS (Apple) and Android mobile device at no cost. The App makes available information on the major anesthetic implications, with a view to improving patient care safety. This article discusses the first part of the project which comprises the development and design of the App and the review of 60 diseases. Additional diseases are expected to be included in the second phase of the project. Conclusion: We are introducing the first App available in Spanish to quickly and effectively look up for the most relevant anesthetic implications in 60 rare diseases.

Resumen Introducción: Las enfermedades huérfanas son un grupo heterogéneo de patologías que comprometen la estructura y el funcionamiento de varios órganos y sistemas, lo que representa un enorme reto para el anestesiólogo y el equipo quirúrgico. El conocimiento específico de cada enfermedad disminuye el riesgo de eventos adversos secundario a errores en el manejo perioperatorio de estos pacientes. Objetivo: Desarrollar una estrategia que permita consultar de manera rápida y efectiva los riesgos perioperatorios de pacientes con enfermedades raras. Métodos: Se hizo una revisión académica de la literatura y se seleccionó la información disponible en las bases de datos. Un grupo de ingenieros y diseñadores sintetizaron la información y desarrollaron la aplicación para dispositivos móviles, donde se puede consultar una lista de enfermedades raras, su descripción, las implicaciones quirúrgicas y las consideraciones anestésicas más relevantes. Resultados: Se creó la aplicación CARAN = Casos raros en anestesia, la cual se puede descargar gratis en dispositivos móviles con sistemas operativos iOS (Apple) y Android; esta aplicación nos brinda información sobre las principales implicaciones anestésicas, con el propósito de mejorar la seguridad en la atención del paciente. Se presenta aquí la primera parte del proyecto, que consiste en la creación y el diseño de la aplicación, y la revisión de 60 enfermedades. Se espera que en una segunda fase se incluyan más enfermedades. Conclusión: Presentamos la primera aplicación disponible en español para consultar de forma rápida y efectiva las principales implicaciones anestésicas de 60 enfermedades raras.

User-Centered Design of a Pediatric Vaccination Module for Patients.

Immunization information systems and registries are essential for vaccine programs to succeed. Personal Health Record should improve decision making of healthcare providers and consumer outcomes. This article aims to describe the software development of an immunization module using a user-centered design, starting from the analysis of potential users' needs. The design was made through cycles of iterations, adjustments were made validating real scenarios and taking into account the user needs. The main features identified through interviews were: vaccination schedule, further information on vaccines' usefulness, notification, downloadable patient vaccination status and other vaccines outside the official calendar. The final scope is to create a simple, efficient and safe platform for patient immunization management.

Evaluation of Audiovisual Reports to Enhance Traditional Emergency Musculoskeletal Radiology Reports.

Traditional radiology reports are narrative texts that include a description of imaging findings. Recent implementation of advanced reporting software allows for incorporation of annotated key images and hyperlinks directly into text reports, but these tools usually do not substitute in-person consultations with radiologists, especially in challenging cases. Use of on-demand audio/visual reports with screen capture software is an emerging technology, providing a more engaged imaging service. Our study evaluates a video reporting tool that utilizes PACS integrated screen capture software for musculoskeletal imaging studies in the emergency department. Our hypothesis is that referring orthopedic surgeons would find that recorded audio/video reports add value to conventional reports, may increase engagement with radiology staff, and also facilitate understanding of imaging findings from urgent musculoskeletal cases. Seven radiologists prepared a total of 47 audiovisual reports for 9 attending orthopedic surgeons from the emergency department. We applied two surveys to evaluate the experience of the referring physicians using audio/visual reports as a complementary material from the conventional text report. Positive responses were statistically significant in most questions including: if the clinical suspicion was answered in the video; willingness to use such technology in other cases; if the audiovisual report made the imaging findings more understandable than the traditional report; and if the audiovisual report is faster to understand than the traditional text report. Use of audiovisual reports in emergency musculoskeletal cases is a new approach to evaluate potentially challenging cases. These results support the potential of this technology to re-establish the radiologist's role as an essential member of patient care and also provide more engaging, precise, and personalized reports. Further studies could streamline these methods in order to minimize work redundancy with traditional text reporting or even evaluate acceptance of using only audiovisual radiology reports. Additionally, widespread adoption would require integration with the entire radiology workflow including non-urgent cases and other medical specialties.

Relaciones del modelo didáctico del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del diseño de software con método proyecto / Relations of the didactic model of the teaching-learning process regarding the software design with a project approach

RESUMEN Introducción: los avances tecnológicos y el proceso de informatización en el sector de la salud, han propiciado la necesidad de formar profesionales capaces de desarrollar herramientas y aplicaciones en lo que la carrera Sistemas de Información en Salud juega un papel esencial, sin embargo, sus egresados, manifiestan insuficiencias para la práctica de sus contenidos. Objetivo: determinar los componentes y relaciones de un modelo didáctico sustentado en la utilización del método de proyecto, que perfeccione el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del diseño de software relacionados con bases de datos, desde la asignatura Ingeniería y Gestión de Software, en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río. Métodos: la investigación siguió el enfoque metodológico general dialéctico-materialista, que permitió utilizar métodos teóricos tales como análisis y síntesis, inducción y deducción, el enfoque de sistema y la modelación. Resultados: se logró determinar las relaciones en el modelo didáctico que contribuye a la teoría desde sus componentes esenciales y formas de relación que enriquecen la Didáctica de la Informática a partir de la propuesta de nuevas etapas para el desarrollo del proceso que se estudia, que integran las etapas del método de proyecto y del diseño de software. Conclusiones: la aplicación de este modelo le confiere a este proceso un carácter sistémico, integrador, secuenciado y contextualizado.

ABSTRACT Introduction: technological advances and the process of computerization in the health sector, have led to the need to train capable professionals developing tools and applications where Health Information Systems studies play an essential role, however, its graduates, present insufficiencies for the practice of its contents. Objective: to determine the components and relationships of a didactic model based on the use of the project method, which improves the teaching-learning process of software design related to databases, from the subject Software Engineering and Management, at Pinar del Río University of Medical Sciences. Methods: the research followed the general dialectical-materialistic methodological approach, which allowed the use of theoretical methods such as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, system approach and modeling. Results: it was possible to determine the relationships in the didactic model that contributes to the theory from its essential components and forms of relation that enrich the Didactics of Informatics from the proposal of new stages and for the development of the process under study, which integrate the stages of the project method and the software design. Conclusions: the application of this model gives to this process a systemic, integrating, sequenced and contextualized nature.

Estudio del riesgo en radioterapia superficial con SENSUS SRT-100TM usando FMEA y código SECURE MR-FMEA / Study of risks in superficial radiotherapy with SENSUS SRT-100TM using FMEA and code SECURE MR-FMEA

RESUMEN Introducción: atendiendo a la alta incidencia de cáncer cutáneo, donde son utilizados tratamientos con radiaciones ionizantes, específicamente con equipo SENSUS SRT-100TM en el Centro de Atención al Paciente Oncológico de Pinar del Río y dada la necesidad de mejorar la prevención de incidentes y accidentes relacionados con la práctica, se ha empleado un enfoque avanzado de análisis de riesgo similar al propuestos por la Asociación Americana de Físicos Médicos a través del uso del software SECURE MR-FMEA. Objetivo: desarrollar un estudio de riesgo para radioterapia superficial con SENSUS SRT 100TM que identifique los modos y causas de fallos asociados al tratamiento, que posibiliten el empleo de aplicaciones que optimicen la seguridad y calidad de la práctica. Métodos: se utilizó el método prospectivo de análisis de modos y efectos de fallos a tratamientos superficiales con SENSUS SRT-100TM mediante aplicaciones desarrolladas en el código SECURE MR-FMEA. Resultados: se diseñó el mapa del proceso con sus subprocesos y etapas respectivas por un equipo multidisciplinario formado en el Centro de Atención al Paciente Oncológico pinareño, propiciando la comprensión global de la actividad y determinación del perfil de riesgo y árboles de fallos de interés (apoyado en prestaciones del programa SECURE MR-FMEA) creándose así, medidas de defensa y desarrollándose actividades que disminuyeron el riesgo tras reevaluación efectuada. Conclusiones: el estudio de riesgo realizado en radioterapia superficial posibilitó fortalecer la seguridad y calidad de los tratamientos administrados en el Centro de Atención al Paciente Oncológico de Pinar del Río, además de facilitar futuras evaluaciones.

ABSTRACT Introduction: in view of the high incidence of skin cancer, where treatments with ionizing radiation are used, particularly with SENSUS SRT-100TM equipment at Oncology Patient Care Center of Pinar del Río, and the known need to improve the prevention of incidents and accidents related to this practice, an advanced risk-analysis approach, similar to that proposed by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine, was applied using the SECURE MR-FMEA code. Objective: to develop a risk study for superficial radiotherapy with SENSUS SRT 100TM that identifies the modes and causes of failures associated with the treatment, which allow the use of applications that optimize the safety and quality of the practice. Methods: the prospective method of failure modes and effect analysis, regarding superficial treatments with SENSUS SRT-100TM through the applications developed by means of the SECURE MR-FMEA code. Results: the process map was designed with its sub-processes and respective stages by a multidisciplinary team created at Oncology Patient Care Center in Pinar del Río, assisting the global comprehension of the activity and determining the risk profile and specific failure trees (supported by the benefits of the SECURE MR-FMEA program), to create defense measures and developing activities that decreased the risk after the application of the reassessment. Conclusions: the risk study carried out in superficial radiotherapy made possible to strengthen the safety and quality of the treatments delivered at the Oncology Patient Care Center of Pinar del Río, allowing the future assessments.

Low Cost Efficient Deliverying Video Surveillance Service to Moving Guard for Smart Home.

Low-cost video surveillance systems are attractive for Smart Home applications (especially in emerging economies). Those systems use the flexibility of the Internet of Things to operate the video camera only when an intrusion is detected. We are the only ones that focus on the design of protocols based on intelligent agents to communicate the video of an intrusion in real time to the guards by wireless or mobile networks. The goal is to communicate, in real time, the video to the guards who can be moving towards the smart home. However, this communication suffers from sporadic disruptions that difficults the control and drastically reduces user satisfaction and operativity of the system. In a novel way, we have designed a generic software architecture based on design patterns that can be adapted to any hardware in a simple way. The implanted hardware is of very low economic cost; the software frameworks are free. In the experimental tests we have shown that it is possible to communicate to the moving guard, intrusion notifications (by e-mail and by instant messaging), and the first video frames in less than 20 s. In addition, we automatically recovered the frames of video lost in the disruptions in a transparent way to the user, we supported vertical handover processes and we could save energy of the smartphone's battery. However, the most important thing was that the high satisfaction of the people who have used the system.