ABSTRACT
Actualmente, la pirámide poblacional indica que cada vez hay más personas longevas, lo cual genera que el aumento de la esperanza de vida agudice la sintomatología de las patologías crónicas. Así mismo, las enfermedades cardiovasculares han sido catalogadas como un grave problema de salud pública dado que anualmente ocasiona miles de muertes en el mudo. Por esta razón, el uso de herramientas espaciales es fundamental en la identificación de zonas que ayuden a priorizar la intervención de enfermedades. Objetivo: Analizar espacialmente el riesgo cardiovascular de la población adulta mayor del municipio de Santiago de Cali, la tercera ciudad más poblada de Colombia. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación cuantitativa de corte transversal con una muestra de 4092 adultos mayores de 55 años; de igual manera, se analizaron variables sociodemográficas con SPSS versión 24.0 y se utilizó GeoCODE para estandarizar las direcciones; posteriormente, se analizaron los resultados con ArcMaps 10.3.1. Resultados: La edad promedio de los participantes fue de 73,9 (DE: 9,08) años y el mayor grupo de población estuvo entre los 66 y 76 años (40,9%). Además, los participantes fueron mayoritariamente de sexo femenino (82,6%). El riesgo cardiovascular bajo predominó con un 84,1% seguido por el riesgo moderado con 13,1% y, en menor proporción, se presentaron los casos de riesgo cardiovascular alto con un 2,7%, este último distribuido en la zona oeste y suroriental del municipio. Conclusión: La totalidad de la población presentó riesgo cardiovascular y las zonas centro y norte se ubican en un riesgo cardiovascular de moderado a bajo.(AU)
Currently, the population pyramid indicates that there aremore and more long-lived people, which means that the in-crease in life expectancy exacerbates the symptoms of chro-nic pathologies. Likewise, cardiovascular diseases have beencatalogued as a serious public health problem since theycause thousands of deaths in the world every year. For thisreason, the use of spatial tools is fundamental in the identifi-cation of zones that help to prioritize disease intervention. Objective: To spatially analyze the cardiovascular risk ofthe elderly population of the municipality of Santiago de Cali,the third most populated city in Colombia. Methodology: A quantitative cross-sectional study wasconducted with a sample of 4092 adults over 55 years of age;sociodemographic variables were analyzed with SPSS version 24.0 and GeoCODE was used to standardize the addresses;the results were subsequently analyzed with ArcMaps 10.3.1. Results: The mean age of the participants was 73.9 (SD:9.08) years and the largest population group was between 66and 76 years of age (40.9%). In addition, the participantswere mostly female (82.6%). Low cardiovascular risk predo-minated with 84.1%, followed by moderate risk with 13.1%and, to a lesser extent, there were cases of high cardiovas-cular risk with 2.7%, the latter distributed in the western andsoutheastern part of the municipality. Conclusion: The entire population presented cardiovascu-lar risk and the central and northern zones were at moderateto low cardiovascular risk.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Colombia , Cardiovascular System/injuries , Aged , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Cardiovascular Diseases/surgery , Cross-Sectional Studies , Multivariate Analysis , 52503ABSTRACT
Objective To systematically evaluate the completion and implementation effect of the medium-long-term program for schistosomiasis control in Tianmen City, and to provide references for formulating the next-stage control plan. Methods According to "National Medium-long-term Plan for Prevention and Control of Schistosomiasis (2004-2015) Final Evaluation Scheme", data on population, livestock, and infection status of snails in Tianmen City from 2004-2019 was retrospectively collected database was established with Excel. SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis to evaluate the achievement of goals, and task completion and implementation effects. SaTScan was used to detect the aggregation area of schistosomiasis cases. Results From 2004 to 2019, Tianmen City completed the planned tasks. All 23 villages and towns in the epidemic area reached the transmission interruption standard. In 2004, the infection rate of schistosomiasis among the residents was lower than 0.01%, then decreased to 0 in 2015, with no acute cases occurring for 11 consecutive years. In 2004, the infection rate of farm cattle in the city was 3.5%, and it then decreased to 0 in 2011. The area of snails increased from 2.4735 million square meters in 2004 to 5.132 million square meters in 2010, and no infectious snails was detected after 2009. The awareness rate of schistosomiasis knowledge and correct behavior formation rate of primary and secondary school students and housewives in the city exceeded 95%. Through spatial distribution analysis, schistosomiasis cases in Tianmen City showed a certain aggregation. Conclusion The medium-long-term program for the prevention and control of schistosomiasis in Tianmen City from 2004 to 2019 achieved the expected results. The overall epidemic situation declined year by year, but schistosomiasis control still faces many challenges.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most frequent cyanotic congenital heart defect. TOF mortality has fallen remarkably in recent years due to therapeutic advances. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to assess temporal and spatial variability in TOF-related mortality in Spain across the period 1981-2016, using data drawn from the nationwide population-based registry. METHODS: Annual deaths due to TOF were sourced from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics database by reference to International Classification of Diseases (ICD), 9th and 10th Revision codes, namely, ICD-9 code 745.2 (period 1981-1998) and ICD-10 code Q21.3 (period 1999-2016). Age-specific and age-adjusted mortality rates were calculated, as were standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) by province, district and municipality for the period 1999-2016. RESULTS: A total of 1035 deaths were attributed to TOF (57.78% of them were men and 42.22% were women). The age-adjusted mortality rate ranged from 0.75 per 1,000,000 inhabitants (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0-1.36) in 1981 to 0.03 per 1,000,000 (95% CI: 0.01-0.06) in 2016 for both sexes. In 2011, there was a change in the mortality trend, with a significant decrease of 49.22% per year (p < 0.001). In terms of geographical analysis, some areas with a significantly higher risk of TOF mortality were identified in the south of Spain, though no specific spatial pattern was in evidence. CONCLUSION: The decrease in TOF mortality may be related to improvements in diagnostic and treatment techniques. More studies are needed to analyse regions with a higher mortality risk, in order to improve medical planning and resource allocation, and identify risk factors and preventive measures.
Subject(s)
Tetralogy of Fallot/mortality , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Heart Defects, Congenital/mortality , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , International Classification of Diseases , Male , Registries , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Spain , Young AdultABSTRACT
We investigated the horizontal and vertical distribution of heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, As, Ni, and Cr) in soils in the water source protection zone for Shanghai to study the origins of these metals, their connections with urbanization, and their potential risk posed on the ecosystem. Determination of metal concentrations in 50 topsoil samples and nine soil profiles indicated that Hg, Pb, Zn, and Cu were present in significantly higher concentrations in topsoil than in deep soil layers. The spatial distributions of Hg, Pb, Zn, and Cu and contamination hotspots for these metals in the study area were similar to those near heavy industries and urban built-up areas. Emissions from automobiles resulted in increased soil concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Zn along roadsides, while high concentrations of Hg in the soil resulted from recent atmospheric deposition. Calculation of the potential ecological risk indicated that the integrative risk of these heavy metals in most areas was low, but a few sites surrounding high density of factories showed moderate risks.
