ABSTRACT
The functional abnormality of brain areas accounting for the migraine remains to be elucidated. Most related studies have used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate brain areas involved in migraine. However, the results are heterogeneous. In this study, we used a convenient tool to explore the brain regions involved in migraine. In this study, 40 children with migraine and 40 sex- and age-matched health controls were enrolled, and electroencephalogram was used to explore the functional abnormal areas of migraine through electroencephalogram bands and low-resolution electromagnetic tomography analysis. The results revealed that spectrum edge frequency 50 in all electroencephalogram channels in patients with migraine were lower than those in controls. Significant differences were discovered over frontal areas. In addition, significantly higher current density over the frontopolar prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex and higher connectivity over the left prefrontal cortex were observed in patients with migraine. We suggest that functional disturbance of the prefrontal cortex may play a potential role in children with migraine, and that low-resolution electromagnetic tomography is a reliable and convenient tool for studying the functional disturbance of migraine.
Subject(s)
Frontal Lobe/diagnostic imaging , Migraine Disorders/diagnostic imaging , Nausea/diagnostic imaging , Prefrontal Cortex/diagnostic imaging , Vomiting/diagnostic imaging , Brain Mapping/instrumentation , Brain Mapping/methods , Case-Control Studies , Child , Electroencephalography/statistics & numerical data , Female , Frontal Lobe/pathology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/statistics & numerical data , Male , Migraine Disorders/pathology , Nausea/pathology , Prefrontal Cortex/pathology , Vomiting/pathologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:In this study, a distribute characteristics on the bispectral coupling of EEG were examined according to the depth of anesthesia by using bispectum analysis a type of nonlinear signal processing. METHODS: 25 patients during the general anesthesia were studied. In the preprocess, base line correction and linear detrend was used. During the awakening state, preoperatively and postoperatively, appearance rate of bispectral coupling was observed that a strong appearance rate was represented in major frequency zone such as (15, 15) Hz but weak appearance rate investigated in the other minor frequency zone. Whilst anesthetized, a strong appearance rate revealed the low frequency range below (10, 10) Hz and a weak appearance rate viewed in the other frequency range. As such was compared with the delta ratio and spectrum edge frequency (SEF). RESULTS: The delta ratio showed significantly lower values at induction (3.60 +/- 0.98) and during the maintenance (5.0+/-1.74) of anaesthesia than preoperatively (10.30 +/- 2.44) and postoperatively (13.03 +/- 2.29)(P < 0.05). These results were consistent with the trend of delta ratio, namely that the index of evaluation for the depth of anesthesia, known as the reflex of the conscious level of patient's during anesthesia. While these results were not consistent with SEF analysis results that the index of evaluation for suppression level of patient's during recovery stage of anesthesia. SEF shows lower values at maintenance (17.00 +/- 1.22) and postoperatively (12.20 +/- 1.53) than preoperatively (22.50 +/- 1.75) and at the induction (22.40 +/- 1.18) of anesthesia(P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The bispectrum analysis method provided useful information about the index of evaluation according to the level of unconsciousness and suppression among other evaluation factor on depth of anesthesia.