Gamma-aminobutyric acid as a regulator of astaxanthin production in Haematococcus lacustris under salinity: Exploring physiology, signaling, autophagy, and multi-omics landscape.

Haematococcus lacustris-derived natural astaxanthin has significant commercial value, but stressful conditions alone impair cell growth and reduce the total productivity of astaxanthin in industrial settings. This study used gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to increase biomass, astaxanthin productivity, and tolerance to salinity. GABA under NaCl stress enhanced the biomass to 1.76 g/L, astaxanthin content to 30.37 mg g-1, and productivity to 4.10 mg/L d-1, outperforming the control. Further analysis showed GABA enhanced nitrogen assimilation, Ca2+ level, and cellular GABA content, boosting substrate synthesis, energy metabolism, osmoregulation, autophagy, and antioxidant defenses. GABA also activated signaling pathways involving phytohormones, cAMP, cGMP, and MAPK, aiding astaxanthin synthesis. The application of biomarkers (ethylene, salicylic acid, trans-zeatin) and an autophagy inhibitor cooperated with GABA to further enhance the total astaxanthin productivity under NaCl stress. Combining GABA with 25 µM salicylic acid maximized astaxanthin yield at 4.79 mg/L d-1, offering new strategies for industrial astaxanthin production.

Determination of lethal and mutation induction doses of gamma rays for gladiolus (Gladiolus grandifloras Hort.) genotypes.

Gladiolus is a highly allogamous flower plant, but owing to the prolonged juvenile phase, asexual propagation is preferred, which acts as a barrier for the induction of natural genetic variability in gladiolus. Therefore, the induced mutagenesis could be utilized for the creation of desirable genotypes, without altering their basic agronomic features. An analysis of the optimum doses of γ radiation for the induction of fruitful mutations could be achieved in short period of time, compared with the conventional method of breeding. The objectives of this study were to perform radiosensitivity tests on various gladiolus genotypes using different doses of gamma rays and to determine the optimal dose of radiation dose for obtaining the greatest number of mutants. The present experiment was carried out during the winter-spring seasons, for the four consecutive years of 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20, and 2020-21. The seven genotypes of gladiolus were exposed to seven doses of gamma rays (60Cobalt). Plants irradiated with radiation doses lower than 4.5 Kr (G1) had greater plant survivability than the higher doses of gamma rays (≥5.0 Kr). The radiation of G0 (0 Kr) result in highest plant survivability, while radiation dose of G6 (6.5 Kr) resulted lowest survivability. LD25 and BD50 for all the genotypes were achieved except for V5 and V7, similarly the median lethal doses (LD50) for V3 and V4 genotypes had been achieved. The highest flower blindness percent and percent abnormal plants were observed at G5 and G6 and between the 4.0 Kr (G1) and 5.5 Kr (G4) gamma ray doses, respectively. The flower colour mutation frequency was recorded highest in genotypes Tiger Flame at 5.0 Kr (V7G3), while the Flower colour mutation spectrum was identified between 4.0 Kr (G1) to 5.5 Kr (G4) in all the genotypes except for genotypes V5 and V7. For the generation of higher phenotypic variations, radiation dose between 4.0 Kr (G1) and 5.5 Kr (G4) were found the most prominent. Specifically the gamma rays radiation dose of 5.5 Kr (G4) resulted in the highest flower colour mutation frequency. These isolated mutant lines will broaden the gladiolus gene pool and support future gladiolus breeding experiments.

Biological monitoring of soil pollution caused by two different zinc species using earthworms.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are commonly used in both commercial and agricultural sectors. As a result, ZnO-NPs are extensively discharged into soil ecosystems, creating a significant environmental issue. Therefore, it is crucial to assess their influence on the soil ecology to ensure its secure and enduring utilization in the future. The exact degree of toxicity associated with ZnO-NPs and their ionic form is still uncertain. To address the challenges, the study used the soil bioindicator earthworm species Eudrilus eugeniae as an experimental model to evaluate the effects of two zinc species (ZnO-NPs and ZnCl2) at 100, 250, 500, and 750 mg kg-1 and control (0 mg kg-1) in garden soil over 28 days. The investigation also examined the impact of exposure on survival, reproduction, neuro-biomarker, avoidance behavior, and accumulation. The highest avoidance rates were 27.5% for ZnO-NP and 37.5% for ZnCl2 at 750 mg kg-1. ZnCl2 treatment reduced juvenile production by 3.73 ± 1.73, while ZnO-NPs showed 4.67 ± 1.15. At 750 mg kg-1, soils with ZnCl2 (63.3%) demonstrated lower survival rates than those with ZnO-NPs (53.3%), likely because of higher Zn ion levels. After 28 days of exposure, ZnCl2 (536.32 ± 11 mol min-1) activated AChE enzymes more than ZnO-NPs (497.7 ± 59 mol min-1) at the same dose, compared to control (145.88 ± 28 to 149.41 ± 23 mol min-1). Nanoparticles and zinc ions bioaccumulated and reacted negatively with the neurotoxic marker AChE, affecting earthworm reproduction and behavior. However, earthworms exposed to ZnCl2 exhibited less intestinal Zn than those exposed to NPs. The present work contradicts the finding that ZnO-NPs have hazardous effects on soil organisms. The results indicate that earthworm E. eugeniae may significantly affect soil metal uptake from metallic nanoparticles (NPs). This may help design NP soil pollution mitigation strategies. The study offers valuable information for establishing a relationship between the environmental toxicity of ZnO-NPs and soil ecosystems.

Survival evaluation of surgical extrusion for the management of complicated crown-root fractured maxillary incisors: A clinical study.

This study aimed to clinically evaluate the survivability of surgically extruded teeth, to assess the success rate and predictable factors pertaining to alterations in both hard and soft tissues adjacent to extruded teeth. A total of 46 complicated crown-root fractured maxillary central and lateral incisors with >75% tooth structure loss relatively due to trauma were included. Preoperative clinical and radiographic variables were recorded. Single operator performed endodontic treatment before surgical extrusion. Patients were recalled for review at 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months. Survivability was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. With a mean follow-up of 2.8 years, survival rate was 95.7%. Mobility observed in only two cases. The crown-root ratio was favourable (1:2) in all the cases except for five teeth. Only two teeth displayed non-progressive root resorption. Survival of surgically extruded teeth relies on significant predictors like favourability of CRR and implementation of atraumatic extrusion.

Effects of Panax ginseng root meal as feed additive on reproductive performance of Cameroon kabir hens.

The Cameroon Kabir chicken has several production traits which makes it desirable by many farmers and hobbyists. This study was aimed at evaluating the potential of P. ginseng as a feed additive in the diet of Cameroon kabir hens reared under intensive conditions. A total of 84 kabir chickens were weighed and assigned to four dietary treatments. The birds in T0 were fed the control diet (0 % PGRM), while those in T1, T2, T3, were fed diets containing 0.5, 0.75 and 1 % PGRM respectively. The results showed that there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the egg lay, egg mass and hen-day egg production of the birds between the 0.5 % and 0.75 % PGRM groups. The 0.75 % PGRM group recorded the highest mean egg weight, and it was significantly (p < 0.05) different from the other PGRM groups, but similar (p > 0.05) to the control. There was also a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the hatchability percent between the 0.5 % and 0.75 % treatments groups, with the 0.5 % group recording the highest hatchability percent of 65.14 %, and the 0.75 % group recording the least hatchability percent of 12.94 %. Results for the chick hatching weights showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between the 0.75 % PGRM group and the control. In conclusion, P. ginseng as a feed additive in the diet of Cameroon kabir hens at 0.5 % improved their reproductive performance, and also improved the survivability of their offspring better but not in the number of eggs laid by chicks.

Risk factors associated with piglet pre-weaning mortality in a Midwestern U.S. swine production system from 2020 to 2022.

Piglet pre-weaning mortality (PWM) is a significant issue in the U.S. swine industry, causing economic losses and raising sustainability and animal welfare concerns. This study conducted a multivariable analysis to identify factors associated with PWM in a Midwestern U.S. swine production system. Weekly data from 47 sow farms (7207 weaning weeks) were captured from January 2020 to December 2022. Initially, 29 variables regarding farm infrastructure, productivity parameters, health status, and interventions were selected for univariate analysis to assess their association with PWM. The initial multivariable analysis included the variables with P < 0.20 in the univariate analyses. A backward stepwise model selection was conducted by excluding variables with P > 0.05, and the final multivariable model consisted of 19 significant risk factors and 6 interaction terms. The overall average PWM for the study population was 14.02 %. Yearly variations in PWM were observed, with the highest recorded in 2020 (16.61 %) and the lowest in 2021 (15.78 %). Cohorts with a pond water source, lower farrowing rate (71.9 %), higher farrowing parity (5.1), shorter gestation length (116.2 days), and using oxytocin during farrowing had increased PWM. The higher productivity parameters such as mummies rate, stillborn rate, and average total born, the higher the PWM was. Additionally, health status and intervention-related factors were associated with PWM, where higher PWM rates were observed in herds facing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) outbreaks, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) positive, the weeks before and during feed medication, and weeks without using Rotavirus vaccine or Rotavirus feedback. Altogether, these results corroborate that PWM is a multifactorial problem, and a better understanding of the risk factors is essential in developing strategies to improve survival rates. Therefore, this study identified the major risk factors associated with PWM for groups of pigs raised under field conditions, and the results underscore the significance of data analysis in comprehending the unique challenges and opportunities inherent to each system.

Effect of gastrointestinal resistant encapsulate matrix on spray dried microencapsulated Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG powder and its characterization.

This study investigated spray drying a method for microencapsulating Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG using a gastrointestinal resistant composite matrix. An encapsulate composite matrix comprising green banana flour (GBF) blended with maltodextrin (MD) and gum arabic (GA). The morphology of resulted microcapsules revealed a near-spherical shape with slight dents and no surface cracks. Encapsulation efficiency and product yield varied significantly among the spray-dried microencapsulated probiotic powder samples (SMPPs). The formulation with the highest GBF concentration (FIV) exhibited maximum post-drying L. rhamnosus GG viability (12.57 ± 0.03 CFU/g) and best survivability during simulated gastrointestinal digestion (9.37 ± 0.05 CFU/g). Additionally, glass transition temperature (Tg) analysis indicated good thermal stability of SMPPs (69.3 - 92.9 ℃), while Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the structural integrity of functional groups within microcapsules. The SMPPs characterization also revealed significant variation in moisture content, water activity, viscosity, and particle size. Moreover, SMPPs exhibited differences in total phenolic and flavonoid, along with antioxidant activity and color values throughout the study. These results suggested that increasing GBF concentration within the encapsulating matrix, while reducing the amount of other composite materials, may offer enhanced protection to L. rhamnosus GG during simulated gastrointestinal conditions, likely due to the gastrointestinal resistance properties of GBF.

Failure risk management: adaptive performance control and mission abort decisions.

The failure behavior of safety-critical systems typically depends on the system performance level, which offers opportunities to control system failure risk through dynamic performance adjustment. Moreover, mission abort serves as an intuitive way to mitigate safety hazards during mission execution. Our study focuses on systems that execute successive missions with random durations. To balance mission completion probability and system failure risk, we examine two decision problems: when to abort missions and how to select the performance level prior to mission abort. Our objective is to maximize the expected revenue through dynamic performance control and mission abort (PCMA) decisions. We consider condition-based PCMA decisions and formulate the joint optimization problem into a Markov decision process. We establish the monotonicity and concavity of the value function. Based on this insight, we show that optimizing the mission abort policy requires a series of control limits. In addition, we provide conditions under which the performance control policies are monotone. For comparative purposes, we analytically evaluate the performances of some heuristic policies. Finally, we present a case study involving unmanned aerial vehicles executing power line inspections. The results indicate the superiority of our proposed risk control policies in enhancing operational performance for safety-critical systems. Dynamic performance adjustment and mission abort decisions provide opportunities to reduce the failure risk and increase operational rewards of safety-critical systems.

Viability and probiotic activity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PMO08 in human gastrointestinal tract analyzed by in vitro gut model.

This study aimed to evaluate the survivability of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PMO08 in the human gastrointestinal tract and its adaptability in the colon using in vitro models. After exposure to gastric and small intestinal conditions, the majority (92.70 ± 1.14%) of PMO08 was found to be damaged, as determined by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. During in vitro colonic fermentation, PMO08 not only increased abundance up to 0.47 ± 0.04% compared with the control sample (0.00 ± 0.00%) at 24 h but also facilitated the growth of beneficial or commensal bacteria, thereby increasing the α-diversity indices. Additionally, PMO08 significantly elevated the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and various organic acids. Our results demonstrate that PMO08 possesses moderate viability under gastrointestinal conditions but exhibits superior probiotic activity in the colon.

Cellular response during cellular starvation: A battle for cellular survivability.

Cellular starvation occurs when a cell is deprived of nutrition and oxygen availability. The genesis of this state of deprivation is exclusively contingent upon the inadequacy in the supply of essential components, namely amino acids, glucose, and oxygen. Consequently, the impact of this altered condition manifests in the regulation of cellular respiratory, metabolic, and stress responses. Subsequently, as a reactive outcome, cell death may transpire through mechanisms such as autophagy or apoptosis, particularly under prolonged circumstances. However, the cell combats such situations by evolving altered activity in their metabolic and protein level. Modulated signaling cascades help them to conquer starvation. But as in a prolonged condition, the battle that a cell has to evolve will come into and result in the form of cellular death. Therefore, in cancer therapy, cellular starvation may also act as a possible way out so that the cancer cell can undergo its death pathway in an induced starved condition. This review has collectively depicted the mechanism of cellular starvation. Besides this, the cellular response in this starved condition has also been summarized. Gaining such knowledge of the causation of cell starvation and cellular response during starvation not only generates new insight into the mechanism of cell survivability but also may act as a beneficial role in combating cellular diseases like cancer.

Cell wall polysaccharide enhances Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota growth in milk and contributes to acid and bile tolerance.

LCPS-1, a cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS), is bound to the cell wall of the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (formerly known as Lactobacillus casei) strain Shirota (LcS). Generally, the role of CWPS in the viability and survivability of bacteria is yet to be fully understood. This study aimed to elucidate the role of LCPS-1 in the viability and survivability of LcS. A mutant strain completely lacking LCPS-1 was constructed and evaluated for growth in bovine and soy milk and susceptibility to acid and bile. The growth of the mutant in bovine and soy milk temporarily stalled after the late logarithmic phase while wild-type LcS continued growing, resulting in a significantly lower number of viable cells for the mutant strain (p < 0.01). Significantly higher cell death relative to that of the wild-type strain was observed for the mutant strain following acid treatment at pH 3.0 (p < 0.01), with 60 and 92 % survival, respectively. The absence of LCPS-1 also reduced the survival rate of LcS cells from 3.3 to 0.8 % following 0.2 % bile treatment. The survival rate of the mutant after consecutive treatment with acid and bile was 19 %, while 73 % of the wild-type LcS survived. These results indicate that LCPS-1 leads to higher LcS growth in milk and improves tolerance to acid and bile. This study reveals the contribution of probiotic bacterial CWPS to acidic and gastrointestinal stress tolerance. Based on these findings, characterizing and modifying CWPS in probiotic strains could enhance manufacturing yields and improve gastrointestinal stress tolerance after consumption by hosts, ultimately advancing the development of more effective probiotics.

A new standardization for the use of chicken embryo: selection of target from the phage display library and infection.

The filamentous bacteriophage M13KO7 (M13) is the most used in phage display (PD) technology and, like other phages, has been applied in several areas of medicine, agriculture, and in the food industry. One of the advantages is that they can modulate the immune response in the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses. This study evaluated the use of phage M13 in the chicken embryos model. We inoculated 13-day-old chicken embryos with Salmonella Pullorum (SP) and then evaluated survival for the presence of phage M13 or E. coli ER2738 (ECR) infected with M13. We found that the ECR bacterium inhibits SP multiplication in 0.32 (M13-infected ECR) or 0.44 log UFC/mL (M13-uninfected ECR) and that the ECR-free phage M13 from the PD library can be used in chicken embryo models. This work provides the use of the chicken embryo as a model to study systemic infection and can be employed as an analysis tool for various peptides that M13 can express from PD selection. KEY POINTS: • SP-infected chicken embryo can be a helpful model of systemic infection for different tests. • Phage M13 does not lead to embryonic mortality or cause serious injury to embryos. • Phage M13 from the PD library can be used in chicken embryo model tests.

A Comprehensive Pan-Cancer Analysis of Cytochrome C Oxidase Assembly Factor 1 (COA1) Reveals Instrumental Role of Mitochondrial Protein Assembly in Cancer that Modulates Disease Progression and Prognostic Outcome.

Cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 1 (COA1), a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly factor protein of inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), is involved in translating many mitochondrial components and assembling nuclear-encoded components within mitochondria. Given the lack of extensive research on COA1 in cancer, this study undertakes a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of COA1, which is overexpressed across various cancer types, shedding light on its multifaceted role in tumorigenesis, prognosis, and tumor microenvironment (TME) modulation. Leveraging bioinformatics tools and public databases, we elucidated its potential as a diagnostic cancer biomarker as well as a target for novel anti-cancer therapeutics. Gene expression analysis using "TIMER2.0", "UALCAN" and "GEPIA2" platforms, supported by protein expression data, revealed a significant correlation between COA1 upregulation and poor prognosis in Kaplan-Meir analysis, underscoring its clinical relevance. Additionally, genetic mutation analysis of COA1 with the help of "cBioPortal" warrants further exploration into its functional significance. Moreover, our investigation of the tumor microenvironment unveiled the interplay of COA1 with fibroblast and T cell infiltration implicating the role of COA1 in the tumor immune microenvironment. Furthermore, COA1-related gene enrichment study in "GeneMANIA" and pathway cross-talk analysis with Gene Ontology (GO) gene sets established comprehensive clarifications about the molecular pathways and protein networks associated with COA1 deregulation. Overall, this study lays a sturdy foundation to support future research endeavors targeting COA1, unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying COA1 deregulation, and exploring its therapeutic potential in cancer.

Advancing Combat Casualty Care Statistics and Other Battlefield Care Metrics.

Aggregate statistics can provide intra-conflict and inter-conflict mortality comparisons and trends within and between U.S. combat operations. However, capturing individual-level data to evaluate medical and non-medical factors that influence combat casualty mortality has historically proven difficult. The Department of Defense (DoD) Trauma Registry, developed as an integral component of the Joint Trauma System during recent conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, has amassed individual-level data that have afforded greater opportunity for a variety of analyses and comparisons. Although aggregate statistics are easily calculated and commonly used across the DoD, other issues that require consideration include the impact of individual medical interventions, non-medical factors, non-battle-injured casualties, and incomplete or missing medical data, especially for prehospital care and forward surgical team care. Needed are novel methods to address these issues in order to provide a clearer interpretation of aggregate statistics and to highlight solutions that will ultimately increase survival and eliminate preventable death on the battlefield. Although many U.S. military combat fatalities sustain injuries deemed non-survivable, survival among these casualties might be improved using primary and secondary prevention strategies that prevent injury or reduce injury severity. The current commentary proposes adjustments to traditional aggregate combat casualty care statistics by integrating statistics from the DoD Military Trauma Mortality Review process as conducted by the Joint Trauma System and Armed Forces Medical Examiner System.

Metabolomics analysis of potential functional metabolites in synbiotic ice cream made with probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii CNCM I-745 and prebiotic inulin.

Probiotic lactic acid bacteria have been widely studied, but much less was focused on probiotic yeasts in food systems. In this study, probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii CNCM I-745 was employed to prepare ice cream added with and without inulin (1%, w/v). Metabolomics analysis on the effect of inulin showed 84 and 147 differentially expressed metabolites identified in the ice cream samples from day 1 and day 30 of storage (-18 °C), respectively. Various potential functional metabolites were found, including citric acid, ornithine, D-glucuronic acid, sennoside A, stachyose, maltotetraose, maltopentaose, maltohexaose, maltoheptaose, cis-aconitic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, L-threonine, L-glutamic acid, tryptophan, benzoic acid, and trehalose. Higher expression of these metabolites suggested their possible roles through relevant metabolic pathways in improving survivability of the probiotic yeast and functionality of ice cream. This study provides further understanding on the metabolic characteristics of probiotic yeast that potentially affect the functionality of ice cream.

Risk of Subsequent Primary Cancers Among Adult-Onset 5-Year Cancer Survivors in South Korea: Retrospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: The number of cancer survivors who develop subsequent primary cancers (SPCs) is expected to increase. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the overall and cancer type-specific risks of SPCs among adult-onset cancer survivors by first primary cancer (FPC) types considering sex and age. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment database of South Korea including 5-year cancer survivors diagnosed with an FPC in 2009 to 2010 and followed them until December 31, 2019. We measured the SPC incidence per 10,000 person-years and the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) compared with the incidence expected in the general population. RESULTS: Among 266,241 survivors (mean age at FPC: 55.7 years; 149,352/266,241, 56.1% women), 7348 SPCs occurred during 1,003,008 person-years of follow-up (median 4.3 years), representing a 26% lower risk of developing SPCs (SIR 0.74, 95% CI 0.72-0.76). Overall, men with 14 of the 20 FPC types had a significantly lower risk of developing any SPCs; women with 7 of the 21 FPC types had a significantly lower risk of developing any SPCs. The risk of developing any SPC type differed by age; the risk was 28% higher in young (<40 years) cancer survivors (SIR 1.28, 95% CI 1.16-1.42; incidence: 30 per 10,000 person-years) and 27% lower in middle-aged and older (≥40 years) cancer survivors (SIR 0.73, 95% CI 0.71-0.74; incidence: 80 per 10,000 person-years) compared with the age-corresponding general population. The most common types of FPCs were mainly observed as SPCs in cancer survivors, with lung (21.6%) and prostate (15.2%) cancers in men and breast (18.9%) and lung (12.2%) cancers in women. The risks of brain cancer in colorectal cancer survivors, lung cancer in laryngeal cancer survivors, and both kidney cancer and leukemia in thyroid cancer survivors were significantly higher for both sexes. Other high-risk SPCs varied by FPC type and sex. Strong positive associations among smoking-related cancers, such as laryngeal, head and neck, lung, and esophageal cancers, were observed. Substantial variation existed in the associations between specific types of FPC and specific types of SPC risk, which may be linked to hereditary cancer syndrome: for women, the risks of ovarian cancer for breast cancer survivors and uterus cancers for colorectal cancer survivors, and for men, the risk of pancreas cancer for kidney cancer survivors. CONCLUSIONS: The varying risk for SPCs by age, sex, and FPC types in cancer survivors implies the necessity for tailored prevention and screening programs targeting cancer survivors. Lifestyle modifications, such as smoking cessation, are essential to reduce the risk of SPCs in cancer survivors. In addition, genetic testing, along with proactive cancer screening and prevention strategies, should be implemented for young cancer survivors because of their elevated risk of developing SPCs.

Survivability of endodontically treated cracked tooth: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Literature evidence describes various treatment protocols that have been employed for the effectiveness in improving survival and addressing associated symptoms of cracked teeth. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review investigates the survivability of endodontically treated cracked teeth and associated assessments, focusing on various treatment protocols. METHODS: The PRISMA guidelines were utilised for guiding the article selection framework of this review. A comprehensive search of relevant literature was conducted in May 2023 across various databases, and studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected. Data extraction, guided by a standardized form, captured crucial details, including study characteristics, treatment protocols, and treatment outcomes, enhancing the consistency and accuracy of information collection. Data extraction and synthesis was done by two reviewers independently. The Newcastle Ottawa tool was used to measure the methodological quality of the study. Six observational studies were eventually included. RESULTS: Mandibular molars are particularly prone to developing cracks, with research indicating a heightened susceptibility to this dental issue. Studies reveal that endodontically treated cracked teeth boast robust overall survival rates ranging from 75.8% to 100%. The risk of bias assessment, utilizing the Newcastle Ottawa scale, indicated a moderate risk across studies, highlighting the necessity for careful interpretation of findings. CONCLUSION: Endodontically treated cracked teeth show marked success in survival, with the incorporation of crowns post-endodontic treatment significantly enhancing longevity and resilience.

Phytic Acid Maintains Peripheral Neuron Integrity and Enhances Survivability against Platinum-Induced Degeneration via Reducing Reactive Oxygen Species and Enhancing Mitochondrial Membrane Potential.

Phytic acid (PA) has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that are critical for neuroprotection in neuronal disorders. This raises the question of whether PA can effectively protect sensory neurons against chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting side effect of chemotherapy treatment often characterized by severe and abnormal pain in hands and feet resulting from peripheral nerve degeneration. Currently, there are no effective treatments available that can prevent or cure peripheral neuropathies other than symptomatic management. Herein, we aim to demonstrate the neuroprotective effects of PA against the neurodegeneration induced by the chemotherapeutics cisplatin (CDDP) and oxaliplatin. Further aims of this study are to provide the proposed mechanism of PA-mediated neuroprotection. The neuronal protection and survivability against CDDP were characterized by axon length measurements and cell body counting of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. A cellular phenotype study was conducted microscopically. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was estimated by fluorogenic probe dichlorofluorescein. Likewise, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed by fluorescent MitoTracker Orange CMTMRos. Similarly, the mitochondria-localized superoxide anion radical in response to CDDP with and without PA was evaluated. The culture of primary DRG neurons with CDDP reduced axon length and overall neuronal survival. However, cotreatment with PA demonstrated that axons were completely protected and showed increased stability up to the 45-day test duration, which is comparable to samples treated with PA alone and control. Notably, PA treatment scavenged the mitochondria-specific superoxide radicals and overall intracellular ROS that were largely induced by CDDP and simultaneously restored MMP. These results are credited to the underlying neuroprotection of PA in a platinum-treated condition. The results also exhibited that PA had a synergistic anticancer effect with CDDP in ovarian cancer in vitro models. For the first time, PA's potency against CDDP-induced PN is demonstrated systematically. The overall findings of this study suggest the application of PA in CIPN prevention and therapeutic purposes.

Supply chain digitalization and performance: A moderated mediation of supply chain visibility and supply chain survivability.

The COVID-19 crisis has notably impacted global supply chains as it has disrupted manufacturing operations. To recover from the aforementioned disruptions, supply chain digitalization [SCD] is increasingly being acknowledged to help the recovery process. Based on this, scholars have called for additional research on how SCD can enhance supply chain visibility [SCV] and boost supply chain performance [SCP] in turbulent environments. Based on 399 valid responses collected through cross-sectional method from Turkish manufacturing firms and using a non-probabilistic sampling method [i.e., purposive sampling], this research explores the effect of SCD on SCP. The mediating role of SCV and the moderating role of supply chain survivability [SCS] on the SCD-SCP relationship were also explored. The findings showed that SCD has a positive effect on SCP. SCD has a positive effect on SCV. SCV has a positive effect on SCP. The link between SCD and SCP is mediated by SCP. The results also revealed that SCS moderated the SCD-SCV link such that SCD has a stronger, positive relationship with SCV when SCS is high than when it's low. SCS moderates the SCD-SCP link, such that at low levels of SCS, the positive effect of SCD on SCP is weakened. The indirect positive effect of SCD on SCP via SCV is strongest when supply chain survivability is high. The findings suggest that SCD can improve cost-effectiveness, promote communication and information efficiency, and enhance supply chain resilience to improve performance after disruptions. This study provides insightful new implications for both supply chain literature and practitioners.

Ecotoxicological Assessment of Seaweed-Based Crop Biostimulant on Earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae Kinb.

Aqueous extracts from green seaweeds Chaetomorpha antennina and Ulva flexuosa (SWE) had considerable impacts on the growth and development of tomato plants; it was evident that SWE could be widely applied as agricultural biostimulants as one among a promising strategy of sustainable agriculture. With a higher probability of SWE to replace synthetic agrochemicals, we describe a procedure here to perform an ecotoxicological assessment of liquid SWE on the earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae Kinb with respect to their growth, survivability, and reproduction.