Three names, one species: junior synonyms for the Atlantic Forest emerald dragonfly Navicordulia atlantica (Odonata: Corduliidae s.s.)

ABSTRACT Three Atlantic Forest endemic species of emerald dragonflies of the genus Navicordulia Machado & Costa, 1995 are reviewed through a morphological comparative analysis. All name-bearing types and additional specimens of the Navicordulia atlantica-complex—Navicordulia atlantica Machado & Costa, 1995, Navicordulia mielkei Machado & Costa, 1995 and Navicordulia miersi Machado & Costa, 1995—were investigated to assess their taxonomic and nomenclatural status. Based on our results the hypothesis of these three nomina corresponding to distinct species is no longer supported. The proportional size of caudal appendages, an additional crossvein in cubito-anal space in the hind wing, as well as minor differences in coloration of pterostigma are not reliable diagnostic characters for supporting their specific status. We consider the three simultaneously available nomina as synonyms, and by action of the first reviser, Navicordulia atlantica Machado & Costa, 1995 is selected as valid nomen, hence N. mielkei syn. nov. and N. miersi syn. nov. are their subjective junior synonyms. Photos, other illustrations, and a new species-level diagnosis are given. Despite of the advances of taxonomic knowledge of Navicordulia, the second species-rich corduliid genus in the Neotropical region, the status of some species still necessitates a full revision.

Updating the knowledge of species of the genus Astylus Laporte (Coleoptera: Melyridae) from South America.

Pic has contributed most of the descriptions of species and varieties of the genus Astylus Laporte, 1836. However, in some cases, he defined the distinction between taxa on the basis of variable characters. The study of the external morphology and genitalia of the type material of Astylus alboscutellatus Pic,1919a; A. banghaasi Pic, 1902; A. banghaasi var. reichei Pic, 1919a; A. binotatus Pic, 1940; A. elongatior Pic, 1902; A. elongatior var. disjunctus Pic, 1902; A. scalaris Pic, 1919b and A. tucumanensis Pic, 1902, as well collections material, allows to establish new diagnoses and new nomenclatural changes. Following new synonymies are proposed: A. banghaasi Pic, 1902 (= A. banghaasi var. reichei Pic, 1919a n.syn. = A. elongatior Pic, 1902 n.syn. = A. elongatior var. disjunctus Pic, 1902 n.syn.) and A. scalaris Pic, 1919b (= A. binotatus Pic, 1940 n.syn.). The valid species are redescribed.

Taxonomic revision of the genus Trichopoda Berthold, 1827 (Diptera: Tachinidae: Phasiinae), with emphasis on the Neotropical fauna.

Trichopoda Berthold, 1827 is a tachinid genus belonging to the subfamily Phasiinae and natively distributed in the Americas. Species of Phasiinae are parasitoids of Hemiptera, especially Heteroptera, and are greatly important as biological control agents. Trichopoda is included in the "Trichopoda typica" group sensu Sabrosky, along with the genera Eutrichopoda Townsend, 1908 and Ectophasiopsis Townsend, 1915a. The genus Trichopoda includes several nominal species, many of which have been synonymized, whereas others have been transferred to different genera. Even though the group is morphologically remarkable for its bright colors and feather-like setae on the hind tibia and is important from an agricultural point of view, there have been no revisionary works dealing with its species. Before the present study, 22 valid species were included in Trichopoda, divided into two subgenera: Galactomyia Townsend, 1908 and Trichopoda s. str. In the current study, 25 species of Trichopoda are considered valid, of which twelve are described as new: Trichopoda (Galactomyia) auricauda sp. n., T. (G.) castannea sp. n., T. (G.) curvicercus sp. n., T. (G.) dupuisi sp. n., T. (G.) elongata sp. n., T. (G.) eupilipes sp. n., T. (G.) goiana sp. n., T. (G.) splendida sp. n., T. (G.) tenebrosa sp. n., T. (G.) tschorsnigi sp. n., T. (G.) urucurytuba sp. n. and T. (Trichopoda) sabroskyi sp. n. We also propose two new synonymies: Trichopoda (Galactomyia) giacomellii (Blanchard, 1966) syn. n. of T. (G.) pennipes (Fabricius, 1781) and T. (G.) nigripes Wulp, 1892 syn. n. of T. (G.) pennipes (Fabricius, 1781); the synonymies of T. ciliata (Fabricius, 1805) and T. haitensis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 with T. (G.) pennipes (Fabricius, 1781) are confirmed. We resurrect one species, T. (Galactomyia) limbata (Blanchard, 1966), which was previously synonymized under T. giacomellii (= T. pennipes). We also propose two new subgeneric combinations: T. alipes Wulp, 1892 and T. squamipes Wulp, 1892 are moved from the subgenus Galactomyia to the subgenus Trichopoda. The species aurantiaca Townsend, 1891 is considered as unrecognized within the genus Trichopoda, whereas T. mexicana Macquart, 1846 and T. subcilipes Macquart, 1844 are considered incertae sedis within the tribe Gymnosomatini. Three species are removed from the genus Trichopoda and placed in the genus Homogenia Wulp, 1892: Homogenia apicalis (Wiedemann, 1830), comb. n., H. decisa (Walker, 1853), comb. n. and H. luteipennis (Wiedemann, 1830), comb. n. We provide an identification key to Trichopoda species; due to lack of material, T. flava Röder, 1885 was not included in the key. The compositions of the two subgenera of Trichopoda are redefined for the Neotropical species, whereby all species previously placed in the subgenus Trichopoda by Guimarães, with the exception of T. alipes Wulp, 1892, T. indivisa Townsend, 1897 and T. squamipes, are transferred to the subgenus Galactomyia. On the other hand, the subgeneric placement of the Nearctic species stays the same. We also comment on and try to clarify possible misidentifications, notably for use of species in biological control programs. We present photographs of males and females of all examined species, as well as illustrations of almost all male and female terminalia.

Oxysarcodexia Townsend, 1917 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)-a centennial conspectus.

A taxonomic conspectus is presented for the genus Oxysarcodexia Townsend, 1917, which is one of the most species-rich genera of New World flesh flies. It has its center of diversity in the Neotropical Region, with some species reaching into the Nearctic and a few species introduced to the Australasian and Oceanian Regions. Species within this genus are primarily dung-breeders, but some species have also been bred from vertebrate carcasses. Oxysarcodexia is defined and diagnosed, and a diagnosis, distributional data and known biological data are provided for each species together with figures of the habitus and male terminalia. Oxysarcodexia currently comprises 91 valid species, including six species newly described herein: O. alectoris sp. n. (French Guiana), O. angulosa sp. n. (Costa Rica), O. ariozanoi sp. n. (Brazil), O. graminifolia sp. n. (Colombia and Ecuador), O. maiae sp. n. (Ecuador), and O. rimata sp. n. (Ecuador). Two nominal species based on a male holotype, Oxysarcodexia bomplandi (Hall, 1937) and O subsericans (Walker, 1858), were left unidentified pending examination of their terminalia. Four nominal species, O. aureiceps (Macquart, 1855), O. dorisae Dodge, 1965, O. flavifrons (Macquart, 1846) and O. neivae Mattos, 1919, all described solely based on females, are considered of uncertain status pending a comprehensive study of females of this genus. Asioboettcheria Verves, 2001 is proposed as a junior synonym of Oxysarcodexia Townsend, 1917, syn. n., Oxysarcodexia cuernavaca Dodge, 1966 is proposed as a junior synonym of O. ventricosa (Wulp, 1895), syn. n., and Stackelbergeola papei Nandi, 1994 is proposed as a junior synonym of O. thornax (Walker, 1849), syn. n. A lectotype is designated for Sarcophaga varia Walker, 1836 [= O. varia (Walker, 1836)]. The newly-described O. ariozanoi and O. maiae are included in the "xon group" (former "Xarcophaga group"). New country-level distributional records are provided for O. adunca Lopes, 1975 (Ecuador), O. berlai Lopes, 1975 (Peru), O. cocais Carvalho-Filho, Sousa Esposito, 2017 (Argentina), O. insolita Lopes, 1946 (Ecuador), O. jamesi Dodge, 1968 (Costa Rica), O. marina (Hall, 1938) (Brazil), O. nitida Soares Mello-Patiu, 2010 (Ecuador), O. notata Soares Mello-Patiu, 2010 (Brazil and Ecuador), and O. terminalis (Wiedemann, 1830) (Paraguay).

Insights from new cestodes of the crocodile shark, Pseudocarcharias kamoharai (Lamniformes: Pseudocarchariidae), prompt expansion of Scyphyophyllidum and formal synonymization of seven phyllobothriidean genera - at last!

Three new cestode species are described from the crocodile shark (Pseudocarcharias kamoharai) in Ecuador. All three were examined with light and scanning electron microscopy. The unique combination of morphological features in one of the new species prompted formal investigation of the non-monophyly of Paraorygmatobothrium relative to the morphologically similar genera Doliobothrium, Guidus, Marsupiobothrium, Nandocestus, Orectolobicestus, Ruhnkecestus and Scyphophyllidium. Sequence data generated for part of the 28S rDNA gene were subjected to maximum likelihood (ML) analysis. The resulting tree led to the synonymization of six of these seven genera with Scyphophyllidium, and transfer of their species to the latter genus. With the new species, the number of described members of Scyphophyllidium is now 45. The diagnosis of Scyphophyllidium is revised to accommodate these species. In addition, to expedite future descriptions, eight categories of Scyphophyllidium species are circumscribed, based largely on bothridial features. Scyphophyllidium timvickiorum n. sp. is a category 1 species. Beyond being the smallest category 1 species, it bears, rather than lacks, apical suckers and lacks, rather than bears, strobilar scutes. The two other new species are members of Clistobothrium. Clistobothrium amyae n. sp. differs from its congeners in bothridial shape, elongate cephalic peduncle and tiny size. Clistobothrium gabywalterorum n. sp. differs from the two of its congeners that also possess foliose bothridia in overall size and testis number. Despite their substantial morphological differences, the ML tree indicates they are sister taxa. Both are unique among their congeners in possessing cephalic peduncle spinitriches. The diagnosis of Clistobothrium is revised accordingly.

New synonymies, new combinations and lectotype designations for weevils in the tribe Naupactini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae).

We examined the type material of 15 species of Naupactus Dejean and related genera (Curculionidae: Entiminae), most of them described by Alphonse Hustache (Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris) and Carl Boheman (Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm). The information associated with the types was compared with the original descriptions, and large series of specimens were examined in order to analyze the variation of each species throughout its range (sexual dimorphism, other kinds of polymorphism or geographic variation). Based on the results of this study we establish seven new combinations, one new placement and nine new synonymies, we make 21 lectotype designations and provide three new country and state records. Alceis curtus (Boh.), Lanterius leucophaeus (Boh.), L. sparsus (Boh.), L. sellatus (Boh.), Parapantomorus carinirostris (Hust.), Symmathetes signatus (Blanchard) and Teratopactus acerbus (Boh.) are new combinations and T. sulphureoviridis Hust. is a new placement. The following names are senior synonyms of those between parentheses: Lanterius inermis (Hust.) (syn. Macrostylus ocellatus Lanteri); Naupactus auricinctus Boh. (syn. N. ruficornis Boh.); N. bridgesii G.R. Waterhouse (syn. N. angulithorax Hust.); N. condecoratus Boh. (syn. N. bosqi Hust.); N. cyphoides (Heller) (syn. N. calamuchitanensis Hust., N. viridinitens Hust, N. viridulus Hust.); N. peregrinus (Buchanan) (syn. N. brevicrinitus Hust.); and Trichonaupactus densior Hust. (syn. T. rexus Hust.). For each species we provide the following information: synonyms, available data on type specimens (sex, body length, geographic location, kind of type, and repository), complete geographic distribution, pictures of types or specimens compared with types, an explanation about the reasons that justify the nomenclatural acts.

Global guide of the flat wasps (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae).

The flat wasp family Bethylidae Haliday lacks global scale literature on their alpha taxonomy. The only world revision for the family was by Kieffer in 1914 and is fully out of date and somewhat useless; the only catalog for the family was made by Gordh Móczár in 1990 and does not include hundreds of changes made since then; and the most recent world genera keys were proposed by Terayama in 2003, but do not reflect the current knowledge we have for the family. Given this scenario, we present a global guide of Bethylidae with diagnoses, taxonomic evaluation, keys, and a checklist of all their extant genera and subfamilies. We visited the main collections around the world, analyzed about 2,000 holotypes, and examined at least 400,000 specimens. To eliminate homonymies, we add the prefix "neo" to the original specific epithet when possible. The family is now composed by 2,920 species allocated in 96 genera distributed in eight subfamilies: Bethylinae, Pristocerinae, Epyrinae, Mesitiinae, Scleroderminae, Lancepyrinae, Holopsenellinae and Protopristocerinae. The latter three are extinct. One new family-group synonym is proposed: Fushunochrysidae Hong syn. nov. of Bethylidae. Two incertae sedis genera are allocated into Bethylinae: Cretobethylellus Rasnytsyn and Omaloderus Walker. One new genus-group synonym is revalidated: Pristepyris Kieffer stat. rev. from Acrepyris Kieffer. Sixteen new genus-group synonyms are proposed: Fushunochrysites Hong syn. nov. and Sinibethylus Hong syn. nov. of Eupsenella Westwood; Messoria Meunier syn. nov. of Goniozus Förster; Acrepyris Kieffer syn. nov. of Pristepyris Kieffer; Apristocera Kieffer syn. nov. and Parapristocera Brues syn. nov. of Pristocera Klug; Usakosia Kieffer syn. nov. of Prosapenesia Kieffer; Isobrachium Förster syn. nov., Leptepyris Kieffer syn. nov., Neodisepyris Kurian syn. nov., Rhabdepyris Kieffer syn. nov. of Epyris Westwood; Codorcas Nagy syn. nov., Hamusmus Argaman syn. nov. and Ukayakos Argaman syn. nov. of Heterocoelia Dahlbom; Domonkos Argaman syn. nov. of Incertosulcus Móczár; Ateleopterus Förster syn. nov. of Sclerodermus Latreille. One new genus-group synonym is revalidated: Topcobius Nagy syn. rev. of Sulcomesitius Móczár. One new genus-group revalidation is proposed: Incertosulcus Móczár stat. rev. from Anaylax Móczár. The following species-group nomenclatural acts are established: 153 new or revalidated combinations, 16 new names to avoid secondary homonyms, 11 species with revalidated status, and one synonym. Keys to the subfamilies and genera are provided. The text is supported by 599 illustrations organized onto 92 plates.

Revision of the soft scale genus Paralecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) with the introduction of three new genera and twenty new species.

The soft scale insect genus Paralecanium Cockerell (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), mainly characterised by the possession of fan-shaped marginal setae, has never been revised and most of the species currently recognised were described in the early part of the twentieth century. The present revision is based on the morphology of the adult females and redescribes and illustrates all 34 species or subspecies previously included in the genus. These three subspecies have been raised to full specific rank, namely P. expansum javanicum (Green) to P. javanicum (Green) stat. n.; P. expansum rotundum (Green) to P. rotundum (Green) stat. n. and P. frenchii macrozamiae (Fuller) to P. macrozamiae (Fuller) stat. n. Of the remaining previously recognised species, three have been made junior synonyms: P. album Takahashi is here considered to be a junior synonym of P. metallicum (Green), syn. n.; P. angkorense Takahashi is considered to be a junior synonym ofP. cocophyllae Banks, syn. n.; and P. limbatum Green is considered to be a junior synonym of P. geometricum (Green), syn. n. Paralecanium marianum Cockerell from Brazil is clearly not closely related to Paralecanium and so a new genus, Mariacoccus Hodgson Williams gen. n., has been introduced to take it and the adult female is redescribed and illustrated; comparison of the adult female of M. marianus with that of Coccus lizeri (Fonseca) showed that the latter species is a junior synonym of M. marianus (Cockerell), syn. n. Based on the morphology of the above species and on the new species mentioned below, two new genera have been introduced: Insularicoccus Hodgson Williams gen. n. (type species P. carolinensis Beardsley), and Discochiton Hodgson Williams gen. n. (type species D. martini Hodgson, spec. n.). This brings the number of soft scale genera with fan-shaped marginal setae to three. Diagnoses of each of these 3 genera are presented, along with a key to the genera based on adult female morphology. The species that have been left in Paralecanium Cockerell are: P. calophylli (Green), P. frenchii (Maskell), P. geometricum (Green), P. hainanense Takahashi, P. machili Takahashi, P. macrozamiae (Fuller), P. maculatum Takahashi, P. marginatum (Green), P. maritimum (Green), P. minutum Takahashi, P. neomaritimum Takahashi, P. ovatum Morrison, P. pahanense Takahashi, P. peradeniyense (Green), P. planum (Green) and P. zonatum (Green). The species transferred to Discochiton as comb. n. are: P. album Takahashi, P. cocophyllae Banks, P. expansum (Green), P. javanicum (Green), P. luzonicum Cockerell, P. malainum Takahashi, P. mancum (Green), P. metallicum (Green), P. milleri Takahashi, P. pseudexpansum (Green), P. quadratum (Green), P. rotundum (Green),P. trifasciatum (Green) and P. vacuum Morrison. The only species transferred to Insularicoccus is the type species, namelyP. carolinense (Beardsley), comb. n. In addition, adult females of the following 11 new species are described and illustrated in the genus Paralecanium (as defined here) spec. n.: P. acinaces Hodgson, P. busoense Hodgson, P. claviseta Hodgson, P. comperei Hodgson, P. cypripedium Hodgson, P. elongatum Hodgson, P. leei Hodgson, P. morobeense Hodgson, P. neoguineense Hodgson, P. palawanense Hodgson and P. vacerra Hodgson. In addition, the following 8 species are described and illustrated as Discochiton spec. n.: D. browni Hodgson, D. crenulatum Hodgson, D. diplodiscus Hodgson, D. martini Hodgson, D. papillatum Hodgson, D. paucipedis Hodgson, D. sarawakense Hodgson and D. seychellarum Williams Hodgson, and 1 species of Insularicoccus is described as new and illustrated, namely I. syzygium Hodgson spec. n. Keys, based on adult female morphology, are provided for separation of all the species in each genus. As part of this revision, the morphological characters used to diagnose species in this group of genera are re-evaluated and a number of new characters found; greater emphasis has been placed on some character-states, so the basic morphology of this group of genera is also described. Lectotypes have been designated for 22 species, namely: Lecanium calophylli Green; L. expansum Green; L. expansum javanicum Green; L. expansum metallicum Green; L. expansum rotundum Green; rotundum Green; L. geometricum Green; L. limbatum Green; L. mancum Green; L. marginatum Green; L. maritimum Green; L. peradeniyense Green; L. planum Green; L. pseudexpansum Green; L. quadratum Green; L. trifasciatum Green and L. zonatum Green. Also: Paralecanium album Takahashi; P. hainanense Takahashi; P. malianum Takahashi; P. marianum Cockerell; P. neomaritimum Takahashi and P. vacuum Morrison. Finally, an example of the first-instar nymphs, second-instar males and second/third instar females of both Paralecanium and Discochiton are described and illustrated and compared with those already known in the tribe Paralecaniini.

New synonymies among species of Nitornus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae).

Based on examination of types and additional specimens, the following new synonymies are proposed in the genus Nitornus Stål, 1859 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Stenopodainae): Nitornus lobulatus Stål, 1859 = Nitornus monrosi (Wygodzinsky, 1959), syn. nov. = Nitornus barberi Froeschner, 1999, syn. nov.; and Nitornus parkoi (Costa Lima & Campos Seabra, 1945) = Nitornus seabrai (Prosen & Martínez, 1958), syn. nov. These synonymies result in Nitornus having only two valid species. Comments on morphological variations and the male genitalia of the species studied here are provided.

A companion to Part 2 of the World Checklist of Opiliones species (Arachnida): Laniatores - Samooidea, Zalmoxoidea and Grassatores incertae sedis.

BACKGROUND: A series of databases is being prepared to list the valid species of Opiliones worldwide. This paper containing nomenclatural acts is meant to accompany Part 2, which includes the members of the infraorder Grassatores of the superfamilies Samooidea and Zalmoxoidea plus the Grassatores currently not allocated to any family (i.e. Grassatores incertae sedis). NEW INFORMATION: The following 32 taxonomic changes are proposed here: (1-3) The Afrotropical genera Hovanoceros Lawrence, 1959, Malgaceros Lawrence, 1959 and Tetebius Roewer, 1949 (all currently in Samoidae) are all newly transferred to Biantidae. (4-5) Microminua soerenseni Soares & Soares, 1954, from Brazil is newly transferred to Tibangara (Gonyleptoidea: Cryptogeobiidae), newly combined as Tibangara soerenseni new comb., new familial allocation for the species. (6-7) The new genus Llaguenia Gen. nov is erected for the South American species Zamora peruviana Roewer, 1956, newly combined as Llaguenia peruviana new comb., and newly placed in Gonyleptoidea: Cranaidae (Prostygninae). (8) Bebedoura Roewer, 1949, known from a single Brazilian species, is transferred from Tricommatinae to Grassatores incertae sedis. (9) Microconomma Roewer, 1915, known from a single Cameroonian species, is transferred from Samoidae to Grassatores incertae sedis. (10) Stygnomimus Roewer, 1927, with two Indomalayan species and hitherto included in the Stygnommatidae, is here formally considered Grassatores incertae sedis. (11) Bichito González-Sponga, 1998, known from a single Venezuelan species, originally described in Phalangodidae: Phalangodinae, and currently in Grassatores incertae sedis is transferred to Samoidae. (12) The Neotropical genus Microminua Sørensen, 1932, currently with two species, is newly transferred from Kimulidae to Samoidae. (13-14) Cornigera González-Sponga, 1987 (currently in Samoidae), is newly considered a junior subjective synonym of Microminua, and its single species is combined under Microminua as Microminua flava (González-Sponga, 1987) new comb. (15) Niquitaia González-Sponga, 1999 (originally in Phalangodidae: Phalangodinae, currently in Zalmoxidae), monotypic from Venezuela, is newly transferred to Samoidae. (16) Heteroscotolemon Roewer, 1912 originally described in Phalangodidae: Phalangodinae, and currently in Grassatores incertae sedis is transferred to Zalmoxidae. (17) While the Australasian genus Zalmoxista Roewer, 1949 is currently in Samoidae and some of its former species have been transferred to Zalmoxis Sørensen, 1886, Zalmoxista americana Roewer, 1952 from Peru, is here newly transferred to Zalmoxidae into Minuides Sørensen, 1932, forming the combination Minuides americanus (Roewer, 1952) new comb. (specific name inflected to match the masculine gender). (18) Neobabrius Roewer, 1949 (currently in Phalangodidae), monotypic from Indonesia, is newly transferred to Zalmoxidae. (19) While Crosbyella Roewer, 1927, belongs to Phalangodidae, Crosbyella roraima Goodnight & Goodnight, 1943 (originally Phalangodinae, but currently Zalmoxidae without generic assignment) is here transferred to Soledadiella González-Sponga, 1987, as Soledadiella roraima new comb. (Zalmoxoidea: Zalmoxidae). (20) Zalmoxissus Roewer, 1949 is newly synonymized with Zalmoxis Sørensen, 1886 (Zalmoxidae). (21) The original spelling Zalmoxis sorenseni Simon, 1892 is restored from the unjustified emendation soerenseni. (22) The Neotropical genus Phalangodella Roewer, 1912 (originally in Phalangodidae: Tricommatinae, but currently in Grassatores incertae sedis) is newly transferred to Zalmoxoidea incertae sedis and (23-26) four other genera are newly synonymized with it: Phalangodella Roewer, 1912 = Exlineia Mello-Leitão, 1942 = Langodinus Mello-Leitão, 1949 = Cochirapha Roewer, 1949 = Phalpuna Roewer, 1949, generating the following new combinations (27-32): Phalangodella fulvescens (Mello-Leitão, 1943) new comb., Phalangodella milagroi (Mello-Leitão, 1942) new comb., Phalangodella rhinoceros (Mello-Leitão, 1945) new comb., Phalangodella flavipes (Mello-Leitão, 1949) new comb., Phalangodella rugipes (Roewer, 1949) new comb. and Phalangodella urarmata (Roewer, 1949) new comb.

O gênero Agrilus Curtis, 1829 nas coleções do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

A checklist of the Agrilus species from the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade São Paulo is proposed. Eighty-four species are identified, of which fifteen are new and hereby described: A. aegrotus sp. nov., A. anceps sp. nov., A. vanini sp. nov., A. casarii sp. nov., A. crux sp. nov., A. dubiosus sp. nov., A. femina sp. nov., A. fusicauda sp. nov., A. geminus sp. nov., A. giannii sp. nov., A. globulus sp. nov., A. ribeiroi sp. nov., A. timorosus sp. nov., A. martinsi sp. nov., A. yeti sp. nov. Agrilus comizon Obenberger, 1935 is proposed as subspecies of A. chrysostictus Klug, 1825 together with the new state of Agriloides agoretus (Obenberger, 1935) e and Autarcontes posticalis (Gory & Laporte, 1835), both described as Agrilus. Nine new synonymies are proposed: A. fasciatellus Thomson, 1878 (= A. fucatus Obenberger, 1935 syn. nov. = A. laelius Obenberger, 1935 syn. nov. = A. subfasciatellus Obenberger, 1936 syn. nov.); A. lucens Kerremans, 1897 (= A. auriceps Kerremans, 1889 syn. nov. = A. barrandei Obenberger, 1897 syn. nov.); A. violacellus Thomson, 1879 (= A. bathyllus Obenberger, 1933 syn. nov.); A. chrysostictus Klug, 1825 (= A. lucullus Obenberger, 1935 syn. nov. = A. korsakovi Obenberger, 1935 syn. nov.); A. piscis Gory, 1841 (= Agriloides bipunctatus Cobos, 1967 syn. nov.). The list also includes one species of Agriloides Kerremans, 1903 and one of Autarcontes Waterhouse, 1887.

É apresentado a lista de espécies do gênero Agrilus, preservadas no Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram identificadas 84 espécies, das quais 15 novas para a ciência, aqui descritas: A. aegrotus sp. nov., A. anceps sp. nov., A. vanini sp. nov., A. casarii sp. nov., A. crux sp. nov., A. dubiosus sp. nov., A. femina sp. nov., A. fusicauda sp. nov., A. geminus sp. nov., A. giannii sp. nov., A. globulus sp. nov., A. ribeiroi sp. nov., A. timorosus sp. nov., A. martinsi sp. nov., A. yeti sp. nov. A. comizon Obenberger, 1935 foi classificado como subespécie de A. chrysostictus Klug, 1825 e vem proposto o novo status de Agriloides agoretus (Obenberger, 1935) e Autarcontes posticalis (Gory & Laporte, 1835) ambos descritos como Agrilus. São propostos 9 sinónimos novos: A. fasciatellus Thomson, 1878 (= A. fucatus Obenberger, 1935 syn. nov. = A. laelius Obenberger, 1935 syn. nov. = A. subfasciatellus Obenberger, 1936 syn. nov.); A. lucens Kerremans, 1897 (= A. auriceps Kerremans, 1889 syn. nov. = A. barrandei Obenberger, 1897 syn. nov.); A. violacellus Thomson, 1879 (= A. bathyllus Obenberger, 1933 syn. nov.); A. chrysostictus Klug, 1825 (= A. lucullus Obenberger, 1935 syn. nov. = A. korsakovi Obenberger, 1935 syn. nov.); A. piscis Gory, 1841 (= Agriloides bipunctatus Cobos, 1967 syn. nov.). Além da lista de Agrilus, foram assinaladas também duas espécies de Agriloides Kerremans, 1903 e um do Autarcontes Waterhouse, 1887.

O gênero Agrilus Curtis, 1829 nas coleções do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

A checklist of the Agrilus species from the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade São Paulo is proposed. Eighty-four species are identified, of which fifteen are new and hereby described: A. aegrotus sp. nov., A. anceps sp. nov., A. vanini sp. nov., A. casarii sp. nov., A. crux sp. nov., A. dubiosus sp. nov., A. femina sp. nov., A. fusicauda sp. nov., A. geminus sp. nov., A. giannii sp. nov., A. globulus sp. nov., A. ribeiroi sp. nov., A. timorosus sp. nov., A. martinsi sp. nov., A. yeti sp. nov. Agrilus comizon Obenberger, 1935 is proposed as subspecies of A. chrysostictus Klug, 1825 together with the new state of Agriloides agoretus (Obenberger, 1935) e and Autarcontes posticalis (Gory & Laporte, 1835), both described as Agrilus. Nine new synonymies are proposed: A. fasciatellus Thomson, 1878 (= A. fucatus Obenberger, 1935 syn. nov. = A. laelius Obenberger, 1935 syn. nov. = A. subfasciatellus Obenberger, 1936 syn. nov.); A. lucens Kerremans, 1897 (= A. auriceps Kerremans, 1889 syn. nov. = A. barrandei Obenberger, 1897 syn. nov.); A. violacellus Thomson, 1879 (= A. bathyllus Obenberger, 1933 syn. nov.); A. chrysostictus Klug, 1825 (= A. lucullus Obenberger, 1935 syn. nov. = A. korsakovi Obenberger, 1935 syn. nov.); A. piscis Gory, 1841 (= Agriloides bipunctatus Cobos, 1967 syn. nov.). The list also includes one species of Agriloides Kerremans, 1903 and one of Autarcontes Waterhouse, 1887.(AU)

É apresentado a lista de espécies do gênero Agrilus, preservadas no Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram identificadas 84 espécies, das quais 15 novas para a ciência, aqui descritas: A. aegrotus sp. nov., A. anceps sp. nov., A. vanini sp. nov., A. casarii sp. nov., A. crux sp. nov., A. dubiosus sp. nov., A. femina sp. nov., A. fusicauda sp. nov., A. geminus sp. nov., A. giannii sp. nov., A. globulus sp. nov., A. ribeiroi sp. nov., A. timorosus sp. nov., A. martinsi sp. nov., A. yeti sp. nov. A. comizon Obenberger, 1935 foi classificado como subespécie de A. chrysostictus Klug, 1825 e vem proposto o novo status de Agriloides agoretus (Obenberger, 1935) e Autarcontes posticalis (Gory & Laporte, 1835) ambos descritos como Agrilus. São propostos 9 sinónimos novos: A. fasciatellus Thomson, 1878 (= A. fucatus Obenberger, 1935 syn. nov. = A. laelius Obenberger, 1935 syn. nov. = A. subfasciatellus Obenberger, 1936 syn. nov.); A. lucens Kerremans, 1897 (= A. auriceps Kerremans, 1889 syn. nov. = A. barrandei Obenberger, 1897 syn. nov.); A. violacellus Thomson, 1879 (= A. bathyllus Obenberger, 1933 syn. nov.); A. chrysostictus Klug, 1825 (= A. lucullus Obenberger, 1935 syn. nov. = A. korsakovi Obenberger, 1935 syn. nov.); A. piscis Gory, 1841 (= Agriloides bipunctatus Cobos, 1967 syn. nov.). Além da lista de Agrilus, foram assinaladas também duas espécies de Agriloides Kerremans, 1903 e um do Autarcontes Waterhouse, 1887.(AU)

Redescription and new distribution records of Acanthoscurria natalensis (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae)

Acanthoscurria natalensis Chamberlin, 1917 is redescribed. The following species are considered junior synonyms of A. natalensis: A. cursor Chamberlin, 1917, A. fracta Chamberlin, 1917, A. rondoniae Mello-Leitão, 1923, A. chiracantha Mello-Leitão, 1923, and A. parahybana Mello-Leitão, 1926. All examined specimens, including the types, share the same general aspect, morphology of the sexual organs, color, and measurements. Acanthoscurria natalensis resembles A. paulensis Mello-Leitão, 1923 and A. chacoana Brèthes, 1909 in the general aspect, size, and by the morphology of the sexual organs: male palpal bulb with embolus ending like a shell, due to the prolateral and superior keels. It can be distinguished from these two species by the less developed keels and the longer embolus. The female resembles A. paulensis and A. chacoana by the fused base of the spermathecae and differs by the more evident lobes, projected from base. The distribution of A. natalensis is expanded to Brazilian states covering the Caatinga and the Cerrado biomes

Redescription and new distribution records of Acanthoscurria natalensis (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae)

Acanthoscurria natalensis Chamberlin, 1917 is redescribed. The following species are considered junior synonyms of A. natalensis: A. cursor Chamberlin, 1917, A. fracta Chamberlin, 1917, A. rondoniae Mello-Leitão, 1923, A. chiracantha Mello-Leitão, 1923, and A. parahybana Mello-Leitão, 1926. All examined specimens, including the types, share the same general aspect, morphology of the sexual organs, color, and measurements. Acanthoscurria natalensis resembles A. paulensis Mello-Leitão, 1923 and A. chacoana Brèthes, 1909 in the general aspect, size, and by the morphology of the sexual organs: male palpal bulb with embolus ending like a shell, due to the prolateral and superior keels. It can be distinguished from these two species by the less developed keels and the longer embolus. The female resembles A. paulensis and A. chacoana by the fused base of the spermathecae and differs by the more evident lobes, projected from base. The distribution of A. natalensis is expanded to Brazilian states covering the Caatinga and the Cerrado biomes

Redescription and new distribution records of Acanthoscurria natalensis (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae)

Acanthoscurria natalensis Chamberlin, 1917 is redescribed. The following species are considered junior synonyms of A. natalensis: A. cursor Chamberlin, 1917, A. fracta Chamberlin, 1917, A. rondoniae Mello-Leitão, 1923, A. chiracantha Mello-Leitão, 1923, and A. parahybana Mello-Leitão, 1926. All examined specimens, including the types, share the same general aspect, morphology of the sexual organs, color, and measurements. Acanthoscurria natalensis resembles A. paulensis Mello-Leitão, 1923 and A. chacoana Brèthes, 1909 in the general aspect, size, and by the morphology of the sexual organs: male palpal bulb with embolus ending like a shell, due to the prolateral and superior keels. It can be distinguished from these two species by the less developed keels and the longer embolus. The female resembles A. paulensis and A. chacoana by the fused base of the spermathecae and differs by the more evident lobes, projected from base. The distribution of A. natalensis is expanded to Brazilian states covering the Caatinga and the Cerrado biomes

Redescription and new distribution records of Acanthoscurria paulensis (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae)

Acanthoscurria natalensis Chamberlin, 1917 is redescribed. The following species are considered junior synonymsof A. natalensis: A. cursor Chamberlin, 1917, A. fracta Chamberlin, 1917, A. rondoniae Mello-Leitão, 1923, A.chiracantha Mello-Leitão, 1923, and A. parahybana Mello-Leitão, 1926. All examined specimens, including the types,share the same general aspect, morphology of the sexual organs, color, and measurements. Acanthoscurria natalensisresembles A. paulensis Mello-Leitão, 1923 and A. chacoana Brèthes, 1909 in the general aspect, size, and by the morphologyof the sexual organs: male palpal bulb with embolus ending like a shell, due to the prolateral and superior keels.It can be distinguished from these two species by the less developed keels and the longer embolus. The female resemblesA. paulensis and A. chacoana by the fused base of the spermathecae and differs by the more evident lobes,projected from base. The distribution of A. natalensis is expanded to Brazilian states covering the Caatinga and theCerrado biomes.

Redescription and new distribution records of acanthoscurria natalensis (Araneae Mygalomorphae Theraphosidae)

Acanthoscurria natalensis Chamberlin, 1917 is redescribed. The following species are considered junior synonyms of A. natalensis: A. cursor Chamberlin, 1917, A. fracta Chamberlin, 1917, A. rondoniae Mello-Leitão, 1923, A. chiracantha Mello-Leitão, 1923, and A. parahybana Mello-Leitão, 1926. All examined specimens, including the types, share the same general aspect, morphology of the sexual organs, color, and measurements. Acanthoscurria natalensis resembles A. paulensis Mello-Leitão, 1923 and A. chacoana Brèthes, 1909 in the general aspect, size, and by the morphology of the sexual organs: male palpal bulb with embolus ending like a shell, due to the prolateral and superior keels. It can be distinguished from these two species by the less developed keels and the longer embolus. The female resembles A. paulensis and A. chacoana by the fused base of the spermathecae and differs by the more evident lobes, projected from base. The distribution of A. natalensis is expanded to Brazilian states covering the Caatinga and the Cerrado biomes.

Três espécies novas de Cryptachaea e notas taxonômicas em Theridiidae (Araneae)

Three new species of Cryptachaea Archer, 1946 are described and illustrated based on males and females: Cryptachaea brescoviti sp. nov. from Beni, Bolivia and Bahia and Espírito Santo, Brazil; C. bonaldoi sp. nov. from Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraná and C. lisei sp. nov. from São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. New synonymies proposed: Chrysso ribeirao Levi, 1962 and C. caraca Levi, 1962 with Chrysso arops Levi, 1962; Cryptachaea diamantina (Levi, 1963) with C. hirta (Taczanowski, 1873) and Cryptachaea maxima (Keyserling, 1884) with C. altiventer (Keyserling, 1884). Theridion altum Levi, 1963 is considered as a new synonym of Theridion soaresi Levi, 1963. Theridion melanosternum Mello-Leitão, 1947 is synonymized with Oedothorax bisignatus Mello-Leitão, 1944 and this species is removed from the synonymy with Theridion calcynatum Holmberg, 1876 and transferred to Theridion Walckenaer, 1805. Theridion tungurahua Levi, 1963 is the female of Theridion fungosum Keyserling, 1884 and the species is transferred to Exalbidion Wunderlich, 1995. Theridion antron Levi, 1963 is the female of Theridion filum Levi, 1963. Theridion nesticum Levi, 1963 is newly synonymized with Theridion teresae Levi, 1963. Theridion olaup Levi, 1963 is transferred to Kochiura Archer, 1950 and the female is described and illustrated for the first time. New combinations established: Cryptachaea dalana (Buckup & Marques, 1991), C. triguttata (Keyserling, 1891), C. dea (Buckup & Marques, 2006), C. digitus (Buckup & Marques, 2006), C. taim (Buckup & Marques, 2006) and Parasteatoda nigrovittata (Keyserling, 1884), all transferred from Achaearanea Strand, 1929. Cryptachaea rafaeli (Buckup & Marques, 1991) is transferred to Henziectypus Archer, 1946.

Três espécies novas de Cryptachaea Archer, 1946 são descritas e ilustradas, com base em ambos os sexos: Cryptachaea brescoviti sp. nov. de Beni, Bolívia e Bahia e Espírito Santo, Brasil; C. bonaldoi sp. nov. de Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul e Paraná e C. lisei sp. nov. de São Paulo e Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Sinonímias novas são propostas: Chrysso ribeirao Levi, 1962 e C. caraca Levi, 1962 com Chrysso arops Levi, 1962; Cryptachaea diamantina (Levi, 1963) com C. hirta (Taczanowski, 1873) e Cryptachaea maxima (Keyserling, 1884) com C. altiventer (Keyserling, 1884). Theridion altum Levi, 1963 é sinônimo júnior de Theridion soaresi Levi, 1963. Theridion melanosternum Mello-Leitão, 1947 é sinonimizada com Oedothorax bisignatus Mello-Leitão, 1944 e esta última espécie é removida da sinonímia de Theridion calcynatum Holmberg, 1876 e transferida para Theridion Walckenaer, 1805. Theridion tungurahua Levi, 1963 é a fêmea de Theridion fungosum Keyserling, 1884 e a espécie é transferida para Exalbidion Wunderlich, 1995. Theridion antron Levi, 1963 é a fêmea de Theridion filum Levi, 1963. Theridion nesticum Levi, 1963 é sinonimizada com Theridion teresae Levi, 1963. Theridion olaup Levi, 1963 é transferida para Kockiura Archer, 1950 e a fêmea é descrita e ilustrada pela primeira vez. Novas combinações são estabelecidas: Cryptachaea dalana (Buckup & Marques, 1991), C. triguttata (Keyserling, 1891), C. dea (Buckup & Marques, 2006), C. digitus (Buckup & Marques, 2006), C. taim (Buckup & Marques, 2006) e Parasteatoda nigrovittata (Keyserling, 1884), todas são transferidas de Achaearanea Strand, 1929. Cryptachaea rafaeli (Buckup & Marques, 1991) é transferida para Henziectypus Archer, 1946.

Três espécies novas de Cryptachaea e notas taxonômicas em Theridiidae (Araneae)

Three new species of Cryptachaea Archer, 1946 are described and illustrated based on males and females: Cryptachaea brescoviti sp. nov. from Beni, Bolivia and Bahia and Espírito Santo, Brazil; C. bonaldoi sp. nov. from Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraná and C. lisei sp. nov. from São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. New synonymies proposed: Chrysso ribeirao Levi, 1962 and C. caraca Levi, 1962 with Chrysso arops Levi, 1962; Cryptachaea diamantina (Levi, 1963) with C. hirta (Taczanowski, 1873) and Cryptachaea maxima (Keyserling, 1884) with C. altiventer (Keyserling, 1884). Theridion altum Levi, 1963 is considered as a new synonym of Theridion soaresi Levi, 1963. Theridion melanosternum Mello-Leitão, 1947 is synonymized with Oedothorax bisignatus Mello-Leitão, 1944 and this species is removed from the synonymy with Theridion calcynatum Holmberg, 1876 and transferred to Theridion Walckenaer, 1805. Theridion tungurahua Levi, 1963 is the female of Theridion fungosum Keyserling, 1884 and the species is transferred to Exalbidion Wunderlich, 1995. Theridion antron Levi, 1963 is the female of Theridion filum Levi, 1963. Theridion nesticum Levi, 1963 is newly synonymized with Theridion teresae Levi, 1963. Theridion olaup Levi, 1963 is transferred to Kochiura Archer, 1950 and the female is described and illustrated for the first time. New combinations established: Cryptachaea dalana (Buckup & Marques, 1991), C. triguttata (Keyserling, 1891), C. dea (Buckup & Marques, 2006), C. digitus (Buckup & Marques, 2006), C. taim (Buckup & Marques, 2006) and Parasteatoda nigrovittata (Keyserling, 1884), all transferred from Achaearanea Strand, 1929. Cryptachaea rafaeli (Buckup & Marques, 1991) is transferred to Henziectypus Archer, 1946.

Três espécies novas de Cryptachaea Archer, 1946 são descritas e ilustradas, com base em ambos os sexos: Cryptachaea brescoviti sp. nov. de Beni, Bolívia e Bahia e Espírito Santo, Brasil; C. bonaldoi sp. nov. de Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul e Paraná e C. lisei sp. nov. de São Paulo e Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Sinonímias novas são propostas: Chrysso ribeirao Levi, 1962 e C. caraca Levi, 1962 com Chrysso arops Levi, 1962; Cryptachaea diamantina (Levi, 1963) com C. hirta (Taczanowski, 1873) e Cryptachaea maxima (Keyserling, 1884) com C. altiventer (Keyserling, 1884). Theridion altum Levi, 1963 é sinônimo júnior de Theridion soaresi Levi, 1963. Theridion melanosternum Mello-Leitão, 1947 é sinonimizada com Oedothorax bisignatus Mello-Leitão, 1944 e esta última espécie é removida da sinonímia de Theridion calcynatum Holmberg, 1876 e transferida para Theridion Walckenaer, 1805. Theridion tungurahua Levi, 1963 é a fêmea de Theridion fungosum Keyserling, 1884 e a espécie é transferida para Exalbidion Wunderlich, 1995. Theridion antron Levi, 1963 é a fêmea de Theridion filum Levi, 1963. Theridion nesticum Levi, 1963 é sinonimizada com Theridion teresae Levi, 1963. Theridion olaup Levi, 1963 é transferida para Kockiura Archer, 1950 e a fêmea é descrita e ilustrada pela primeira vez. Novas combinações são estabelecidas: Cryptachaea dalana (Buckup & Marques, 1991), C. triguttata (Keyserling, 1891), C. dea (Buckup & Marques, 2006), C. digitus (Buckup & Marques, 2006), C. taim (Buckup & Marques, 2006) e Parasteatoda nigrovittata (Keyserling, 1884), todas são transferidas de Achaearanea Strand, 1929. Cryptachaea rafaeli (Buckup & Marques, 1991) é transferida para Henziectypus Archer, 1946.