Long distance signal transduction in response to environmental changes in plants.

The vascular system is responsible for the communication of information between different organs and the environment as a whole, so that it can coordinate the development of plants and respond to the changes of the environment. The signal substances moving in the vascular system are called long-distance signals. In recent years, it has been found that some long-distance molecular signals, such as microRNA, mRNA, small peptides, hormones, second messengers and proteins, can transmit extracellular stimuli from sensing tissues to target organs, so as to systematically regulate plant development process and environmental response. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of long-distance moving RNA, small peptides and proteins in plants to regulate plant organ development, nutrient uptake and stress resistance. The application potential of this field in crop breeding was discussed and prospected, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the application of genetics and breeding in crops.

[Research progress and industrial application of Bacillus subtilis in systematic and synthetic biotechnology].

Bacillus subtilis is a model strain for studying the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of microorganism, and is also a good chassis cell for industrial application to produce biological agents such as small molecule compounds, bulk chemicals, industrial enzymes, precursors of drugs and health product. In recent years, studies on metabolic engineering methods and strategies of B. subtilis have been increasingly reported, providing good tools and theoretical references for using it as chassis cells to produce biological agents. This review provides information on systematically optimizing the Bacillus subtilis chassis cell by regulating global regulatory factors, simplifying and optimizing the genome, multi-site and multi-dimensional regulating, dynamic regulating through biosensors, membrane protein engineering. For producing the protein reagent, the strain is optimized by optimizing the promoters, signal peptides, secretion components and building the expression system without chemical inducers. In addition, this review also prospects the important issues and directions that need to be focused on in the further optimization of B. subtilis in industrial production.

Research progress and industrial application of Bacillus subtilis in systematic and synthetic biotechnology / 生物工程学报

Bacillus subtilis is a model strain for studying the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of microorganism, and is also a good chassis cell for industrial application to produce biological agents such as small molecule compounds, bulk chemicals, industrial enzymes, precursors of drugs and health product. In recent years, studies on metabolic engineering methods and strategies of B. subtilis have been increasingly reported, providing good tools and theoretical references for using it as chassis cells to produce biological agents. This review provides information on systematically optimizing the Bacillus subtilis chassis cell by regulating global regulatory factors, simplifying and optimizing the genome, multi-site and multi-dimensional regulating, dynamic regulating through biosensors, membrane protein engineering. For producing the protein reagent, the strain is optimized by optimizing the promoters, signal peptides, secretion components and building the expression system without chemical inducers. In addition, this review also prospects the important issues and directions that need to be focused on in the further optimization of B. subtilis in industrial production.

Systemic Regulation of Cancer Development by Neuro-Endocrine-Immune Signaling Network at Multiple Levels.

The overarching view of current tumor therapies simplifies cancer to a cell-biology problem in which neoplasms are caused solely by malignant cells and the exploration of carcinogenesis and tumor progression largely focuses on somatic mutations and other genetic abnormalities of cancer cells. The limited therapeutic response indicates that cancer is driven not only by endogenous oncogenic factors and reciprocal interactions within the tumor microenvironment, but also by complex systemic processes. Homeostasis is the fundamental premise of health, and is maintained by systemic regulation of neuro-endocrine-immune axis. Cancer is also a systemic disease that manifested by dysfunction of the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Multiple axes of regulation exist in cancer, including central-, organ-, and microenvironment-level manipulation. At each specific regulatory level, the tridirectional communication among the nervous, endocrine, and immune factors transmit flexible signaling to induce proliferation, invasion, reprogrammed metabolism, therapeutic resistance, and other malignant phenotypes of cancer cells, resulting in the extremely poor prognosis of this lethal disease. Understanding this coordinated signaling network will enable the development of new approaches for cancer treatment via behavioral and pharmacological interventions.