Gestação de Substituição em Portugal: Orientações para a prática clínica

Introdução: A aprovação na Assembleia da República, em dezembro de 2021, da lei aplicável à Gestação de Substituição, suscita a reflexão acerca dos aspetos práticos em que o regime se concretizará e das orientações necessárias para os profissionais de saúde envolvidos. Por esse motivo, foram definidos como objetivos: analisar um conjunto de recomendações para a prática clínica no âmbito da Gestação de Substituição em países com experiência no procedimento e promover uma discussão com peritos na área da Procriação Medicamente Assistida. Material e Métodos: Foi realizada uma análise documental das publicações e documentos oficiais sobre o tema que serviu de base para o estudo de desenho qualitativo baseado em grupos focais com diferentes profissionais -médicos e psicólogos- com experiência em Procriação Medicamente Assistida. A discussão foi concretizada através de sessões via Zoom®, realizadas separadamente com os dois grupos focais. Resultados: Na discussão os peritos fizeram as suas apreciações e propostas de melhoria em relação à versão inicial do documento resultante da análise documental. Conclusão: Obteve-se uma versão consolidada do conjunto de orientações para os profissionais de saúde com as dimensões a avaliar e acompanhar junto da gestante e parte beneficiária na Gestação de Substituição.

Introducción : La aprobación por el Parlamento portugués, en diciembre de 2021, de la ley aplicable a la Gestación Subrogada, plantea la reflexión sobre los aspectos prácticos en los que se implementará el esquema y las directrices necesarias para los profesionales de la salud involucrados. Por este motivo, se definieron los siguientes objetivos: analizar un conjunto de recomendaciones para la práctica clínica en el ámbito de la gestación subrogada en países con experiencia en el procedimiento y promover un debate con expertos en el campo de la Reproducción Médicamente Asistida. Material y Métodos : Se realizó un análisis documental de publicaciones y documentos oficiales sobre el tema, que sirvió de base para el estudio de diseño cualitativo basado en focus group con diferentes profesionales -médicos y psicólogos- con experiencia en Reproducción Médicamente Asistida. La discusión se realizó a través de sesiones via Zoom®, celebradas por separado con los dos focus group. Resultados : En la discusión, los expertos realizaron sus apreciaciones y propuestas de mejora respecto a la versión inicial del documento resultante del análisis documental. Conclusión : Se obtuvo una versión consolidada del conjunto de directrices para los profesionales de la salud con las dimensiones para evaluar y dar seguimiento a la madre sustituta y a los beneficiarios en la Gestación Subrogada.

Introduction: The approval by the Portuguese Parliament, in December 2021, of the law applicable to Surrogate Pregnancy, raises reflection on the practical aspects in which the scheme will be implemented and the necessary guidelines for health professionals involved. For this reason, the following objectives were defined: to analyze a set of recommendations for clinical practice in surrogacy in countries with experience in the procedure and to promote a discussion with experts in Medically Assisted Reproduction. Material and Methods: A documental analysis of publications and official documents on the theme was conducted. This served as a basis for the qualitative design study based on focus groups with different professionals -physicians, and psychologists- with experience in Medically Assisted Reproduction. The discussion was realized through sessions via Zoom®, held separately with the two focus groups. Results : In the debate, the experts made their appreciation and proposals for improvement concerning the initial version of the document resulting from the document analysis. Conclusion : A consolidated version of the set of guidelines for health professionals was obtained with the dimensions to evaluate and follow up with the surrogate and beneficiaries in Surrogacy.

Sutura em Polia Retificada para síntese de feridas de pele tensionadas / Rectified Pulley Suture for the synthesis of tensioned skin wounds

Introdução: A síntese de feridas de pele tensionadas é uma área que tem sido alvo de estudos para o desenvolvimento de técnicas de sutura que sejam capazes de realizar o fechamento primário dessas feridas com alívio de tensão, garantindo uma cicatrização adequada e evitando complicações como deiscência, edema, sangramento e infecção. Método: Esta pesquisa tratou-se de um estudo piloto, sendo a primeira apresentação da técnica de Sutura em Polia Retificada para síntese de feridas de pele tensionadas através do acompanhamento prospectivo, duplo-cego, de uma série de casos de 8 pacientes randomicamente admitidos no centro cirúrgico de um hospital de alta complexidade de uma cidade de médio porte. Resultados: A Sutura em Polia Retificada é uma técnica versátil e apta para lidar com feridas de pele tensionadas, uma vez que no intraoperatório conseguiu fechar por primeira intenção lesões de até 6,5 centímetros e de diferentes regiões tensionadas sem necessidade do uso de técnicas mais complexas, como retalhos, enxertos, zetaplastia e fechamento por segunda intenção. Além disso, no pós-operatório, houve redução dos escores da POSAS, indicando um processo de cicatrização satisfatório tanto para os observadores quanto para o paciente. É imprescindível mencionar, também, que o desfecho mais temido no seguimento dos pacientes com feridas tensionadas submetidos a fechamento primário - a deiscência - foi completamente evitado. Conclusão: A técnica é simples, confiável, segura e reprodutível, com curta curva de aprendizagem, de forma que a Sutura em Polia Retificada pode ser considerada como uma nova ferramenta a ser integrada ao arsenal cirúrgico.

Introduction: The synthesis of tensioned skin wounds is an area that has been the subject of studies for the development of suturing techniques that are capable of performing the primary closure of these wounds with tension relief, ensuring adequate healing, and avoiding complications such as dehiscence, edema, bleeding, and infection. Method: This research was a pilot study, being the first presentation of the Rectified Pulley Suture technique for the synthesis of tensioned skin wounds through prospective, double-blind monitoring of a series of cases of 8 patients randomly admitted to the surgical center of a high-complexity hospital in a mediumsized city. Results: Rectified Pulley Suture is a versatile technique suitable for dealing with tensioned skin wounds, since intraoperatively it was able to close, by first intention, lesions measuring up to 6.5 centimeters and in different tensioned regions without the need for the use of more extensive techniques. complex, such as flaps, grafts, Z-plasty, and secondary intention closure. Furthermore, post-operatively, there was a reduction in POSAS scores, indicating a satisfactory healing process for both observers and the patient. It is also essential to mention that the most feared outcome in the follow-up of patients with tension wounds undergoing primary closure - dehiscence - was completely avoided. Conclusion: The technique is simple, reliable, safe, and reproducible, with a short learning curve, so the Rectified Pulley Suture can be considered a new tool to be integrated into the surgical arsenal.

Ingurgitación mamaria desde la fisioterapia a través de agentes físicos y técnicas manuales: revisión sistemática con meta-análisis / Breast Engorgement from Physical Therapy using Physical Agents and Manual Techniques: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis / O ingurgitamento mamário abordado a partir da fisioterapia por meio de agentes físicos e técnicas manuais: revisão sistemática com meta-análise

Objetivo:analizar la evidencia de estudios previos sobre las diferentes alternativas de tratamientos con el uso de agentes físicos y técnicas manuales utilizados en la fisioterapia para la ingurgitación mamaria a nivel internacional. Material y método:estudio de revisión sistemática con meta-análisis según el pro-tocolo prisma. Búsqueda en las bases de datos de Scopus y Medline a través de PubMed, publicados desde el 01 de enero de 2015 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2021. La estrategia de búsqueda empleó los siguien-tes términos: breastengorgement, treatment, breastfeeding, six-pointengorgementscale, physiotherapy, breastcancer, physicaltherapy. Los 5 estudios elegidos para esta revisión sistemática fueron valorados con la Escala pedro para conocer la calidad metodológica. Resultados:diferencias medias estandarizadas oscilaron entre 0,5959 y 2,7373, la mayoría de las estimaciones positivas. El resultado promedio difirió significativamente de cero (z = 3,5686, p = 0,0004). Según prueba Q, los resultados reales parecen ser heterogéneos (Q (5) = 23,2212, p = 0,0003, tau² = 0,4759, I² = 83,6163%). Intervalo de predicción del 95 % para los resultados reales viene dado por -0,3733 a 2,5931. Un intervalo de predicción del 95 % para los resultados reales viene dado por -3,6762 a 11,5933. Conclusiones: las técnicas estudiadas disminuyen el dolor y la congestión mamaria, sin embargo, se ha visto que la combinación entre ellas puede favorecer aún más la mejora de los mismos. Al aplicarse en las mujeres con ingurgitación generaron beneficios a corto y largo plazo para disminuir el dolor y la ingurgitación mamaria

Objective: To analyze the evidence of previous studies on the different treatment alternatives with the use of physical agents and manual techniques used in physiotherapy for breast engorgement at an international level. Method: Systematic review study with meta-analysis according to the prisma pro-tocol. Search in Scopus and Medline databases through PubMed, published from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2021. The search strategy employed the following terms: breast engorgement, treatment, breastfeeding, six-point engorgement scale, physiotherapy, breast cancer, Physical therapy. The 5 stu-dies chosen for this systematic review were assessed with the PEDro Scale for methodological quality. Results: Standardized mean differences ranged from 0.5959 to 2.7373, most of the positive estimates. The average result differed significantly from zero (z = 3.5686; p = 0.0004). According to Q test, the actual results appear to be heterogeneous (Q(5) = 23.2212; p = 0.0003; tau² = 0.4759; I² = 83.6163%). The 95% prediction interval for the actual results is given by −0.3733 to 2.5931. A 95% prediction interval for the actual results is given by −3.6762 to 11.5933. Conclusions: The techniques studied decrease breast pain and engorgement; however, it has been seen that the combination between them can further favor their improvement. When applied in women with engorgement, they generated short and long term benefits in reducing pain and breast engorgement

Objetivo: analisar as evidências de estudos anteriores sobre as diferentes alternativas de tratamento com uso de agentes físicos e técnicas manuais utilizadas na fisioterapia para ingurgitamento mamá-rio internacionalmente. Material e método: estudo de revisão sistemática com meta-análise segundo protocolo prisma. Pesquisa nas bases de dados Scopus e Medline por meio do PubMed, publicadas de 1º de janeiro de 2015 a 31 de dezembro de 2021. A estratégia de busca utilizou os seguintes termos: breastingorgement, treatment, breastfeeding, six-pointengorgementscale, physiotherapy, breastcancer, physi-caltherapy. Os 5 estudos escolhidos para esta revisão sistemática foram avaliados com a Escala pedro para determinar a qualidade metodológica. Resultados: as diferenças médias padronizadas variaram de 0,5959 a 2,7373, com a maioria das estimativas positivas. O resultado médio diferiu significativamente de zero (z = 3,5686, p = 0,0004). Segundo o teste Q, os resultados reais parecem ser heterogêneos (Q (5) = 23,2212, p = 0,0003, tau² = 0,4759, I² = 83,6163%). O intervalo de previsão de 95% para resultados reais é dado por -0,3733 a 2,5931. Um intervalo de previsão de 95% para os resultados reais é dado por -3,6762 a 11,5933. Conclusões: as técnicas estudadas reduzem a dor e a congestão mamária, porém, constatou-se que a combinação entre elas pode melhorar ainda mais a sua melhora. Quando aplicados em mulheres 2024com ingurgitamento, geraram benefícios de curto e longo prazo para reduzir a dor e o ingurgitamento mamário.

State of art of robotic prostatectomy: the way we do it in Catalonia, Spain.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (PLAR) seems to improve functional outcomes, however there is not a consensus of a standard procedure. The aim of this study was to identify the PLAR "state of art" in Catalonia, Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional survey-based study conducted among urologists across Catalonia, Spain. The survey was distributed through online platforms and the professional urology society. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata software, v20. RESULTS: 59 urologists completed the survey, revealing PLAR as the most commonly used technique (79.7%). Most urologist (70%) create the pneumoperitoneum using a controlled incision with direct access and 78.3% use the Airseal technology. The intraperitoneal approach is performed in >90% of cases. Endopelvic fascia preservation is not routinely performed. 34.5% of the survey not perform the dorsal vein complex suture. All preserves the bladder neck when oncologically safe. Nerve-vascular bundles bleeding control is performed using standard coagulation or suturing. 34% performed posterior reconstruction. Only use hemostatic devices when evident bleeding and 70% does not routinely left a drainage. Multivariable analysis showed that center volume had a significant independent association with dorsal venous complex suturing (OR 0.073, 95%CI 0.07-0.826), nerve-vascular bundles suturing hemostasis (OR 11.67, 95%CI 1.07-127.60) and endopelvic fascia preservation (OR 13.64, 95%CI 1.087-201.27), but there was no correlation with time the bladder catheter or days hospitalized. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides an overview of the state of PLAR in Catalonia, Spain, showing significant variability and reflecting a commitment to advancing surgical technology and patient care.

LOW-FIDELITY, LOW-COST SIMULATOR MODEL FOR VIDEOSURGERY TRAINING / MODELO DE SIMULADOR DE BAIXA FIDELIDADE E BAIXO CUSTO PARA TREINAMENTO EM VIDEOCIRURGIA

Introduction: Teaching in conventional surgery has traditionally been based on the Halstedian model of "see one, do one, and teach one". However, with the widespread success of videolaparoscopic surgery, the teaching method needed to be adapted to a novel "Do many, always mentored" model. The modern era of surgery demands sequential training with progressively increasing complexity and supervised repetition, in order to acquire specific skills prior to the first surgical procedure. Objective: To develop a new experimental teaching and training with low cost and low fidelity platform for laparoscopic surgery using synthetic materials, and simple manufacturing. Method: A platform was built using low-cost materials easily found in hardware stores, consisting of a wooden board and a few hardware materials (threaded bolt, wing nut and bolt, threaded hooks), EVA sheet (ethylene vinylacetat), white crafting paint, and felt-tip pen. The sample consisted of 15 general surgeons with more than 10 years of experience in videolaparoscopy. The evaluation began with an explanatory video lasting 20 min. Next, each surgeon performed 5 recorded tasks for later analysis and scoring. Skills were measured according to the stablished score. Results: The developed platform was useful and capable of reproducing the tasks performed based on the program of Fundaments of Laparoscopic Surgery. All the surgeons of the sample group achieved the target time proposed for the program. Conclusion: Was shown that the proposed platform can be built using easily obtainable and low-cost materials, and it proved to be an effective model for training in laparoscopic surgery, being easy to replicate and construct. Additionally, this platform can be easily adapted to various models of tasks using materials similar to those found in other training programs, that are widely practiced and have been globally validated.

Introdução: O ensino em cirurgia convencional foi tradicionalmente baseado no modelo halstediano do "see one, do one and teach one" (veja um, faça um e ensine um); porém, com a bem sucedida propagação da cirurgia videolaparoscópica precisou ser adaptado para um novo modelo do "do many, mentored always" (fazer vários, sempre supervisionado). A nova era da cirurgia demanda treinamento sequencial, com crescente complexidade e repetição supervisionada para adquirir habilidades especificas prévias ao primeiro ato operatório. Objetivo: Desenvolver modelo para ensino e treinamento em videocirurgia com plataforma de baixo custo, fácil execução e baixa fidelidade com tarefas que utilizam materiais sintéticos. Método: Construiu-se com materiais de baixo custo plataforma utilizando apenas placa de madeira, poucos materiais de ferragem (parafuso simples, parafuso com porca tipo borboleta, gancho com rosca), folha de EVA (etileno acetato de vinila), tinta branca para artesanato e caneta hidrográfica. A amostra-teste foi composta por 15 cirurgiões gerais com mais de 10 anos de experiência em videolaparoscopia. Iniciou-se a avaliação com um vídeo explicativo com duração de 20 min. A seguir, cada cirurgião executou 5 tarefas gravadas para posterior análise e pontuação. Mediu-se as habilidades de acordo com a pontuação. Resultados: A plataforma foi útil e eficaz em reproduzir as atividades utilizadas para replicação do programa comparativo do Fundaments of Laparoscopic Surgery. A amostra de cirurgiões atingiu o tempo alvo definido como padrão pelo programa. Conclusão: A plataforma elaborada com materiais de baixo custo é de fácil aquisição, mostrou-se modelo eficaz para treinamento em videocirurgia, de fácil replicabilidade e construção, adaptável a vários modelos de tarefas, e feita com materiais sintéticos.

Principales indicadores del Programa de Diagnóstico Precoz del Cáncer Cervicouterino en un hospital de Santiago de Cuba

Introducción: El cáncer cervicouterino ocupa el tercer lugar como causa de defunción por neoplasias malignas a nivel mundial, afectando principalmente a los países de ingresos bajos y medianos. Hacia el 2020 se estimó una incidencia de 604 000 nuevos casos. Objetivo: Caracterizar los principales indicadores hospitalarios del Programa de Diagnóstico Precoz del Cáncer Cervicouterino. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, que permitió caracterizar los principales indicadores hospitalarios del Programa en el Servicio de Patología de Cuello del Hospital General Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, de enero del 2020 a diciembre del 2022. La población de estudio estuvo constituida por 443 mujeres. Los datos recopilados fueron analizados mediante técnicas de estadística descriptiva, expresándose en frecuencia y porcentajes. Resultados: De las mujeres estudiadas, 60,9 % presentaron lesión intraepitelial cervical de alto grado de malignidad, con 32,6 % positivo a cáncer cervicouterino. El porcentaje global de pruebas citológicas no útiles fue de 2,07 y sin células de la zona de transformación, de 4,01; ambos indicadores de calidad. Existió una alta significación en cuanto a la tasa de cobertura global de las mujeres en riesgo (K=0,615), demostrando que los resultados de la citología reflejan en gran medida los diagnósticos de la histología, con una buena concordancia. Conclusiones: La prueba citológica cérvico-vaginal sigue siendo el método diagnóstico de mayor valor para detectar neoplasia intraepitelial cervical y carcinoma en estadio precoz en grandes masas de población.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the third leading cause of death from malignancies worldwide, affecting mainly low- and middle-income countries. By 2020 an incidence of 604,000 new cases was estimated. Objective: To characterize the main hospital indicators of the Cervical Cancer Early Diagnosis Program. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out to characterize the main hospital indicators of the Program in the Neck Pathology Service of the General Hospital Dr. Bruno Zayas Alfonso of Santiago de Cuba, from January 2020 to December 2022. The study population consisted of 443 women. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistic techniques, expressed in frequency and percentages. Results: Of the women studied, 60.9 %had cervical intraepithelial lesion of high degree of malignancy, with 32.6 % positive for cervical cancer. The overall percentage of useless cytological tests was 2.07 and no cells from the processing zone was 4.01, both quality indicators. There was a high significance in terms of the overall coverage rate of women at risk (K=0.615), showing that the results of the cytology largely reflect the diagnosis of histology, with a good agreement. Conclusions: Cervical-vaginal cytology remains the most valuable diagnostic method for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasm and early-stage carcinoma in large populations

Analysis of invasive diagnostic techniques for pathological confirmation of pleural mesothelioma.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Mesothelioma is an infrequent neoplasm with a poor prognosis that is related to exposure to asbestos and whose peak incidence in Europe is estimated from 2020. Its diagnosis is complex; imaging techniques and the performance of invasive pleural techniques being essential for pathological confirmation. The different diagnostic yields of these invasive techniques are collected in the medical literature. The present work consisted of reviewing how the definitive diagnosis of mesothelioma cases in our centre was reached to check if there was concordance with the data in the bibliography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of patients with a diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma in the period 2019-2021, analysing demographic data and exposure to asbestos, the semiology of the radiological findings and the invasive techniques performed to reach the diagnosis. RESULTS: Twenty-six mesothelioma cases were reviewed. 22 men and 4 women. Median age 74 years. 9 patients had a history of asbestos exposure. Moderate-severe pleural effusion was the most frequent radiological finding (23/26). The sensitivity of the invasive techniques was as follows: Cytology 13%, biopsy without image guidance 11%, image-guided biopsy 93%, surgical biopsy 67%. CONCLUSIONS: In our review, pleural biopsy performed with image guidance was the test that had the highest diagnostic yield, so it should be considered as the initial invasive test for the study of mesothelioma.

Estudio de la microbiota vaginal en los resultados de la terapia de reproducción asistida / Study of the vaginal microbiota in results of assisted reproduction therapies

El microbioma del tracto genital femenino es determinante para mantener un entorno saludable. La microbiota vaginal normal se caracteriza por la abundancia de Lactobacillus, que confieren protección a la vagina huésped contra microorganismos potencialmente patógenos que pueden provocar infecciones del aparato urinario y enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Las alteraciones en la microbiota vaginal por factores intrínsecos, como la edad o el ciclo menstrual, o externos, como la actividad sexual o el embarazo, pueden conducir a un estado de disbiosis microbiana y al desarrollo de enfermedades con efecto perjudicial en la fertilidad. También se ha señalado que la microbiota vaginal puede desempeñar un papel clave en el éxito de las terapias de reproducción asistida. El objetivo de esta revisión es identificar y evaluar los estudios sobre el papel de la microbiota vaginal en la salud de la mujer y la reproducción humana.(AU)

The microbiome of the female genital tract is essential to maintenance a healthy environment. The normal vaginal microbiota is defined by the abundance of Lactobacillus. These microbes confer the host vagina protection from potentially pathogenic microorganisms that may cause urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases. Changes in the vaginal microbiota due to inherent factors, such as age or menstrual period, or external factors like sexual activity or pregnancy, can lead to microbial dysbiosis and the development of pathologies in relation of reduced rates of conception. It has also been suggested that vaginal microbiota may play a key role in the success of assisted reproductive therapies. The objective of this review is to identify and evaluate trials of the vaginal microbiota role in women's health and human reproduction.(AU)

Evaluación del manejo y seguimiento de los pacientes diabéticos en la prevención de la retinopatía diabética / Evaluation of the management and follow-up of diabetic patients in the prevention of diabetic retinopathy

Fundamentos: La diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad crónica con alta morbimortalidad que afecta a 537 millones de adultos en el mundo. España es el segundo país europeo en prevalencia, con un 14,8% en población de veinte-setenta y nueve años, con 11,6 casos por cada 1.000 personas/año. La retinopatía diabética (RD) es la quinta causa de pérdida de visión a nivel mundial y la séptima causa de ceguera/discapacidad visual entre afiliados a la Organización Nacional de Ciegos de España (ONCE). La detección precoz de RD previene la ceguera en diabéticos y está condicionada por la hemoglobina glicosilada. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el manejo de los pacientes diabéticos en la comarca del Aljarafe (Sevilla) e identificar oportunidades de mejora en la coordinación de su seguimiento entre el médico de Atención Primaria y el médico oftalmólogo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo (2016-2019) con los pacientes registrados en el censo de diabéticos de los veintiocho municipios del Aljarafe. Se consultó la historia de salud de Atención Primaria y Hospital, así como el programa de Telemedicina. En cuanto al análisis estadístico, para variables cualitativas se calcularon totales y porcentajes; para variables cuantitativas, media y distribución estándar (si distribución normal), y la mediana y cuartiles (distribución no normal). Resultados: Se registraron 17.175 diabéticos en el Aljarafe (5,7% de población); 14.440 pacientes (84,1%) tenían alguna determinación de hemoglobina durante el periodo, 9.228 (63,9%) las tenían todas en rango adecuado. Tenían control fundoscópico 12.040 diabéticos (70,1%), y de los que no, 346 (10,6%) tenían todas fuera de rango. Hubo 1.878 (10,9%) pacientes sin control fundoscópico ni metabólico, 1.019 (54,3%) eran mujeres, 1.219 (64,9%) menores de sesenta y cinco años, 1.019 (54,3%) con comorbilidad grave...(AU)

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with high morbidity and mortality, affecting 537 million adults worldwide. Spain is the second European country in prevalence, with 14.8% in the population aged twenty/seventy-nine years; with 11.6 cases per 1,000 people/year. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the fifth cause of vision loss worldwide and the seventh cause of blindness/visual impairment among members of the National Organization of the Blind in Spain (ONCE). Early detection of DR prevents blindness in diabetics and is conditioned by glycosylated hemoglobin. The aim of this paper was to analyze the management of diabetic patients in Aljarafe region (Seville) and identify opportunities for improvement in the coordination of their follow-up between the Primary Care physician and the ophthalmologist. Methods: A retrospective observational study (2016-2019) was carried out, with patients registered in the diabetic census of the twenty-eight municipalities of Aljarafe. The primary care and hospital health history, and telemedicine program were consulted. About statistical analysis, for qualitative variables, totals and percentages were calculated; for quantitative variables, mean and standard devia-tion (if normally distributed) and median and quartiles (if non-normally distributed). RESULTS // There were 17,175 diabetics registered in Aljarafe (5.7% of the population); 14,440 patients (84.1%) had some determi-nation of hemoglobin during the period, 9,228 (63.9%) had all of them in the appropriate range. Fundoscopic control was performed on 12,040 diabetics (70.1%), and of those who did not, 346 (10.6%) had all of them out of range. There were 1,878 (10.9%) patients without fundoscopic or metabolic control, 1,019 (54.3%) were women, 1,219 (64.9%) were under sixty-five years of age, 1,019 (54.3%) had severe comorbidity...(AU)

Experiencia quirúrgica en el Centro Especializado en Tratamiento de Enfermedades de la Piel (CETEP) del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, desde 1996 hasta 2019

Los tumores cutáneos presentan una alta prevalencia en dermatología en el mundo, siendo los benignos más frecuentes que los malignos; sin embargo, estos últimos son más estudiados debido a su morbimortalidad. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue conocer los principales diagnósticos y técnicas quirúrgicas correspondientes desarrolladas en el Centro de Tratamiento de Enfermedades de la Piel (CETEP) entre 1996 y 2019, evaluando aspectos clínicos y demográficos. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo y observacional que incluyó todo paciente con lesión cutánea y posterior resolución quirúrgica de la misma. En la muestra analizada (N 6.659) hubo un predominio del sexo femenino (68%) y la media de edad fue 53 ± 21 años. Los pacientes residían mayoritariamente en Montevideo (58%). Los tumores benignos fueron los más frecuentes (41%), seguidos de los malignos (28%), dentro de éstos: carcinoma basocelular (CBC) 66%, carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) 21% y melanoma (MM) 5%. Las técnicas quirúrgicas realizadas fueron cirugías convencionales (57%), principalmente losange (93%), seguidas de procedimientos de cirugía dermatológica (42%), predominando biopsias (52%) y afeitado con electrocoagulación (23%). Se destaca que el CETEP resolvió un número mayor de pacientes de centros externos que del propio Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (CHPR): 59% no CHPR vs 41% CHPR. En conclusión, este trabajo proporcionó información nacional sobre la epidemiología de distintos tumores cutáneos, así como las técnicas quirúrgicas más utilizadas en su resolución. Además, estableció la importancia de la cirugía dermatológica y la capacidad del CETEP en dar respuesta a pacientes propios tanto como referenciados desde otros centros del sistema público.

Cutaneous tumors have a high prevalence in dermatology worldwide, with benign tumors being more common than malignant ones. Nevertheless, the latter are more extensively studied due to their associated morbidity and mortality. The main objective of this study was to identify the primary diagnoses and corresponding surgical techniques developed at the Center for the Treatment of Skin Diseases (CETEP) between 1996 and 2019, while assessing clinical and demographic aspects. A retrospective, observational study was conducted, including all patients with cutaneous lesions and subsequent surgical resolution of the same. In the analyzed sample (N 6659), there was a predominance of females (68%), and the mean age was 53 ± 21 years. The majority of patients resided in Montevideo (58%). Benign tumors were the most prevalent (41%), followed by malignant tumors (28%), with the latter comprising basal cell carcinoma (BCC) at 66%, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) at 21%, and melanoma (MM) at 5%. The performed surgical techniques included conventional surgeries (57%), primarily using the lozenge method (93%), followed by dermatologic surgery procedures (42%), with a predominance of biopsies (52%) and shave excision with electrocoagulation (23%). It is noteworthy that CETEP resolved a greater number of patients from external centers than from its own hospital, Pereira Rossell Hospital Center (CHPR). 59% non-CHPR vs. 41% CHPR. In conclusion, this study provided national information on the epidemiology of various cutaneous tumors, as well as the most commonly employed surgical techniques in their resolution Furthermore, it emphasized the importance of dermatologic surgery and highlighted the capacity of CETEP to respond to both its own patients and those referred from other centers within the public healthcare system.

Os tumores da pele apresentam alta prevalência na dermatologia em todo mundo, sendo os tumores benignos mais frequentes que os malignos, porém estes últimos são mais estudados devido à sua morbidade e mortalidade. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi conhecer os principais diagnósticos e correspondentes técnicas cirúrgicas desenvolvidas no Centro de Tratamento de Doenças da Pele (CETEP) no período 1996-2019, avaliando aspectos clínicos e demográficos. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo e observacional, que incluiu todos os pacientes com lesões cutâneas e com posterior tratamento cirúrgico. Foram estudados 659 pacientes com predomínio do sexo feminino (68%) e média de idade de 53 ± 21 anos. A maioria dos pacientes residiam em Montevidéu (58%). Os tumores benignos foram os mais frequentes (41%), seguidos dos tumores malignos (28%), entre estes: carcinoma basocelular (CBC) 66%, carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) 21% e melanoma (MM) 5%. As técnicas cirúrgicas realizadas foram cirurgias convencionais (57%), principalmente em forma de cunha (93%), seguidas de procedimentos cirúrgicos dermatológicos (42%), predominando biópsias (52%) e shaving com eletrocoagulação (23%). Destaca-se que o CETEP atendeu um número maior de pacientes de centros externos do que do próprio Centro Hospitalar Pereira Rossell (CHPR): 59% não-CHPR vs. 41% CHPR. Concluindo, este trabalho forneceu informações sobre a epidemiologia dos diferentes tumores de pele no país, bem como as técnicas cirúrgicas mais utilizadas no seu tratamento. Além disso, estabeleceu a importância da cirurgia dermatológica e a capacidade do CETEP de atender os pacientes do hospital e também os que foram encaminhados de outros centros da rede pública.

Comparación Morfológica de Zonas de Inserción de Miniplacas Ortodóncicas en la Región Mandibular entre Edad, Sexo, Biotipo y Clase Esqueletal

El manejo del anclaje en los tratamientos de ortodoncia ha sido un reto constante, por lo que la utilización de miniplacas aparece como un rescate a esta interrogante. Determinar las diferencias morfológicas en la zona de inserción de miniplacas ortodóncicas en las regiones anterior y posterior mandibular, comparandolas entre edad, sexo, biotipo y clase esqueletal. Se estudiaron 40 registros de cone-beam de pacientes y se realizaron mediciones de grosor del hueso, donde se identificaron los sitios que permitan posicionar una miniplaca y fueron comparados entre sexo, grupos etarios, biotipo y clase esqueletal. Se observó diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres a nivel anterior mandibular, en los hombres se observaron mayores grosores óseos y corticales. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre pacientes adultos y jóvenes a nivel anterior mandibular, pero sí hubo diferencias a nivel mandibular posterior. La zona 3 mm debajo del 2do molar no es una zona confiable para la inserción de mini placas, ya que muchos de los pacientes no presentaban hueso en esa zona. Las miniplacas son un recurso seguro de anclaje las cuales deben ser adaptadas a cada paciente.

The anchorage management in orthodontic treatments has been a constant challenge, the use of miniplates may be a viable solution to this query. The objective of this study was to determine the morphological differences in the area of insertion of orthodontic miniplates in the anterior and posterior mandibular regions, comparing them between age, sex, biotype and skeletal class. In this analysis 40 cone-beam records of patients were studied, bone thickness measurements were carried out, the sites that allowed the positioning of a miniplate were identified and compared between sex, age groups, biotype and skeletal class. Significant differences were observed between men and women at the anterior mandibular level, in men greater bone and cortical thicknesses were observed. No significant differences were observed between adult and young patients at the anterior mandibular level, but there were differences at the posterior mandibular level. The area 3 mm below the 2nd molar was not a reliable area for the insertion of mini plates, since many of the patients had no bone in that area. Miniplates are a safe anchoring resource which must be adapted to each patient.

Cosmiatria: Uma análise do mercado brasileiro / Cosmiatry: An analysis of the Brazilian market

Introdução: O mercado de procedimento estéticos cresce exponencialmente no Brasil. Tal crescimento tem despertado o interesse de várias categorias profissionais. A decisão de praticar no setor deve considerar as oportunidades de mercado da localidade na qual se pretende atuar. Entretanto, a área carece de análises comparativas documentando prováveis diferenças regionais no país. O objetivo do estudo é descrever as diferenças de mercado em procedimentos estéticos entre os estados e regiões brasileiras. Um índice de potencial consumo de cosmiatria (IPCC) é calculado para tal análise comparativa. Método: Estudo transversal envolvendo prestadores de procedimentos estéticos não cirúrgicos no Brasil. Buscas no Google®-Google Maps® foram conduzidas usando termoschave e entrevistas telefônicas realizadas para obter informações sobre categorias profissionais, tipo de provedores e serviços oferecidos. Valores preditivos positivos foram obtidos para todas as estratégias de busca e usados para estimar o número total de provedores. O tamanho da população e a renda per capita foram considerados para o cálculo dos IPCCs para os estados brasileiros. Resultados: São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Rio de Janeiro apresentaram os maiores IPCCs, sendo 524, 210 e 180, respectivamente. Roraima teve um IPCC de 14, o mais baixo do país. A Região Sudeste apresentou, em média, o maior IPCC (242) entre todas as regiões brasileiras. Conclusão: Considerando o tamanho da população e a renda, a Região Sudeste apresenta as maiores oportunidades de mercado em procedimentos estéticos não cirúrgicos no Brasil. Nossos achados podem ser de interesse para profissionais de saúde e investidores que atuam ou pretendem atuar no setor.

Introduction: The aesthetic procedure market is growing exponentially in Brazil. This growth has aroused the interest of several professional categories. The decision to practice in the sector must consider the market opportunities in the location in which you intend to operate. However, the area lacks comparative analyses documenting probable regional differences in the country. The objective of the study is to describe market differences in aesthetic procedures between Brazilian states and regions. An index of potential cosmetic consumption (IPCC) is calculated for such a comparative analysis. Method: Cross-sectional study involving providers of nonsurgical aesthetic procedures in Brazil. Searches on Google Maps® were conducted using key terms, and telephone interviews were conducted to obtain information on professional categories, types of providers, and services offered. Positive predictive values were obtained for all search strategies and used to estimate the total number of providers. Population size and per capita income were considered to calculate the IPCCs for Brazilian states. Results: São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro presented the highest IPCCs, being 524, 210, and 180, respectively. Roraima had an IPCC of 14, the lowest in the country. The Southeast Region presented, on average, the highest IPCC (242) among all Brazilian regions. Conclusion: Considering population size and income, the Southeast Region presents the greatest market opportunities for nonsurgical aesthetic procedures in Brazil. Our findings may be of interest to healthcare professionals and investors who work or intend to work in the sector.

Da superfície para a profundidade: Curva de aprendizado em lifting facial profundo estendido - meus primeiros 100 casos / From Surface to Depth: Learning Curve in Extended Deep Facelift ­ my First 100 Cases

Introdução: O envelhecimento facial é um processo gradual, complexo e multifatorial. É o resultado de mudanças na qualidade, volume e posicionamento dos tecidos. Cirurgiões plásticos têm modificado sua abordagem na cirurgia do rejuvenescimento facial optando pelo plano subaponeurótico (SMAS). O objetivo deste estudo é analisar 100 casos de pacientes operados pela técnica de SMAS profundo, avaliando sua aplicabilidade e eficácia. Método: Foram avaliados 100 pacientes, submetidos a cirurgia plástica facial pela técnica de SMAS profundo - "Deep Smas", e acompanhados por 6 meses. Observou-se a satisfação dos pacientes, número de complicações, número de reoperações, riscos e vantagens da técnica. Resultados: Foram operados 100 pacientes, num período de 3 anos. A idade variou de 41 a 79 anos, sendo 95% sexo feminino. As complicações foram 8 casos (8%) de lesões de ramos do nervo facial, sendo: 4 casos lesão do zigomático, 3 casos de lesão do mandibular e 1 caso de lesão do bucal; houve 1 caso (1%) de queloide retroauricular; 1 caso (1%) de hematoma. Em relação às revisões cirúrgicas, houve 8 casos (8%) de complementação cirúrgica por insatisfação das pacientes. Houve 15% de lesões nervosas entre a 1ª e a 40ª cirurgia, 5% entre a 41ª e a 80ª, e nenhuma lesão entre o 81º e o 100º paciente. Conclusão: O lifting facial profundo ou subSMAS mostrou ser efetivo, proporcionando bons resultados estéticos. Apresenta baixa taxa de recidiva e baixa taxa de morbidade, porém, necessita de uma longa curva de aprendizagem.

Introduction: Facial aging is a gradual, complex, and multifactorial process. It is the result of changes in the quality, volume, and positioning of tissues. Plastic surgeons have modified their approach to facial rejuvenation surgery, opting for the subaponeurotic plane (SMAS). The objective of this study is to analyze 100 cases of patients operated on using the deep SMAS technique, evaluating its applicability and effectiveness. Method: 100 patients were evaluated, undergoing facial plastic surgery using the deep SMAS technique - "Deep Smas", and followed up for 6 months. Patient satisfaction, number of complications, number of reoperations, risks, and advantages of the technique were observed. Results: 100 patients were operated on over 3 years. Age ranged from 41 to 79 years, with 95% being female. The complications were 8 cases (8%) of injuries to branches of the facial nerve, of which 4 cases of zygomatic injury, 3 cases of mandibular injury, and 1 case of buccal injury; there was 1 case (1%) of post-auricular keloid; 1 case (1%) of hematoma. Regarding surgical revisions, there were 8 cases (8%) of surgical completion due to patient dissatisfaction. There were 15% of nerve injuries between the 1st and 40th surgery, 5% between the 41st and 80th, and no injuries between the 81st and 100th patient. Conclusion: Deep facial lifting or subSMAS has proven to be effective, providing good aesthetic results. It has a low recurrence rate and low morbidity rate; however, it requires a long learning curve.

[Experiences in human resources planning for health: The case of physicians. Data and models. SESPAS Report 2024]. / Experiencias de planificación de recursos humanos para la salud. El caso de los médicos. Datos y modelos. Informe SESPAS 2024.

Virtually all developed countries conduct physician planning exercises. We can learn from successful experiences. The modeling and projection of supply is technically complex, but it is a technical matter, whereas the assessment of demand or need, and therefore the outcome in terms of deficit or surplus, requires standards, usually in population ratios, which are based on expert judgments and belong to the normative universe. One type of technical problem insufficiently solved is that of converting "heads" into full time equivalents. Fortunately, progress is being made in the right direction. We need more and better information, in particular the State Register of Health Professionals, but even with the limitations of the data, it is necessary to plan. The Ministry of Health, the Autonomous Regions and other professional and union organizations regularly carry out planning exercises. We have high rates of physicians and graduates, and low rates of nurses, a growing number of physicians in both public and private practice, and short-term deficits in some specialties, particularly family medicine, which urgently needs specific incentives to stimulate vocations. The numbers tell only part of the story. The imbalances in the educational and labor markets are not resolved by creating vacancies, but rather by reforming the regulatory framework, incentive systems and public management slack to compete with the private sector in attracting and retaining talent.

[What do we know and what should we know about the imbalances of doctors in Spain? Diagnosis and proposals. SESPAS Report 2024]. / ¿Qué sabemos y qué deberíamos saber sobre los desequilibrios de médicos en España? Diagnóstico y propuestas. Informe SESPAS 2024.

This article characterizes the main features of the supply, demand, and labor markets for physicians in Spain, with an international and territorial perspective. It also presents some of the results of the simulation model for specialist physicians with a 2035 horizon and proposes strategic and short-term lines of action in the planning, regulation, and management of health professionals in Spain, with a focus on specialist physicians. In Spain there are high rates of physicians and medical graduates, but low rates of nurses, compared to other developed countries. Approximately 30% of practicing physicians (not considering residents) practice only in the private network. In the last two decades, competition from the private sector for health professionals has intensified, competing with the public network, which is subject to an excessively rigid regulatory framework. There is currently a shortage of physicians in some specialties, particularly in family medicine, which urgently needs specific incentives to stimulate vocations. Numbers consider only part of the story. The imbalances in the educational and labor markets are not resolved by creating vacancies, but by reforming the regulatory framework, the incentive systems, and the slack in public management to compete with the private sector in attracting and retaining talent.

Impacto de retroalimentación integral (debriefing) frente al modelo de enseñanza tradicional en la mejora de la calidad en estudios de ultrasonido obstétrico / Impact of comprehensive feedback (debriefing) vs traditional teaching model on quality improvement in obstetric ultrasound studies

Introducción: El debriefing es una técnica que permite mejorar los resultados en el proceso de aprendizaje a través de un proceso de reflexión y retroalimentación. El objetivo del estudio es comparar la efectividad del debriefing frente al modelo tradicional de enseñanza para mejorar el cumplimiento de calidad en ultrasonido obstétrico. Sujetos y métodos: Se evaluaron los resultados del control de calidad de 45 médicos recién egresados de diplomados de ultrasonido durante tres meses. Los médicos fueron divididos en dos grupos para llevar a cabo la retroalimentación de áreas de oportunidad: el grupo de control sólo recibió educación a través del modelo tradicional y el grupo de intervención recibió retroalimentación con metodología de debriefing. Resultados: Al comparar, ambos métodos mostraron ser efectivos para la mejora global del cumplimiento de calidad (42,9% el tradicional; p = 0,0083; 75% el de debriefing; p = 0,0002). El grupo de debriefing fue significativamente mejor en los rubros de calidad global (el 56,7 frente al 38,1%; p = 0,009 frente a p = 0,0432) y error de medición (el 88,1 frente al 68,7%, con significancia estadística; p = 0,349). Conclusión: Ambas técnicas de retroalimentación tuvieron un impacto positivo para la mejora del cumplimiento de la calidad en estudios de ultrasonido obstétrico, y la técnica de debriefing mostró ventajas significativas sobre el modelo deenseñanza tradicional en la retroalimentación de las áreas de oportunidad detectadas.(AU)

Introduction: Debriefing is a technique to improve learning outcomes through a process of reflection and feedback. The aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness of debriefing vs. the traditional teaching model to improve quality compliance in obstetric ultrasound. Subjects and methods: Forty-five recent graduates of ultrasound diploma courses were evaluated during three months of quality control. The physicians were divided into two groups to carry out feedback on areas of opportunity: the control group only received education through the traditional model and the intervention group, which received feedback with debriefing methodology. Results: When compared, both methods were shown to be effective for the overall improvement of quality compliance (42.9% traditional, p = 0.0083, 75% debriefing, p = 0.0002). The debriefing group was significantly better in the areas of overall quality (56.7% vs. 38.1%, p = 0.0090 vs. p = 0.0432), measurement error (88.1% vs. 68.7%, with statistical significance p = 0.349). Conclusion: Both feedback techniques offered positive results for the improvement of quality compliance in obstetric ultrasound studies, with the debriefing technique showing significant advantages over the traditional teaching model in the feedback of detected areas of opportunity.(AU)

Evolución y perfeccionamiento de técnicas endourológicas (urs y nlpc) sin fluoroscopia. Revisión sistemática de la literatura / Has fluoroless endourology (URS and PCNL) come of age? Evidence from a comprehensive literature review

Introducción La radiación es una herramienta fundamental en las técnicas de imagen ampliamente utilizadas en el manejo de los cálculos renales. Entre las medidas básicas que suelen adoptar los endourólogos para reducir la cantidad de exposición a la radiación, se encuentran el principio As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) —basado en reducir el uso de la radiación tanto como sea razonablemente posible— y el empleo de técnicas sin fluoroscopia. Se realizó una revisión exploratoria de la literatura para investigar el éxito y la seguridad de la ureteroscopia (URS) o la nefrolitotomía percutánea (NLPC) sin fluoroscopia para el tratamiento de los cálculos renales. Métodos Se realizó una revisión de la literatura mediante la búsqueda en las bases de datos bibliográficas PubMed, EMBASE y la biblioteca Cochrane, y se incluyeron en la revisión 14 artículos completos de acuerdo con las directrices de la declaración PRISMA. Resultados De un total de 2.535 procedimientos analizados, se realizaron 823 URS sin fluoroscopia frente a 556 URS con fluoroscopia, y 734 NLPC sin fluoroscopia frente a 277 NLPC con fluoroscopia. La tasa libre de cálculos (TLC) de la URS sin fluoroscopia frente a la guiada por fluoroscopia fue del 85,3 y el 77%, respectivamente (p=0,2), y las TLC de la NLPC sin fluoroscopia frente al grupo con fluoroscopia fueron del 83,8 y el 84,6%, respectivamente (p=0,9). Las complicaciones globales Clavien-Dindo I/II y III/IV para los procedimientos con y sin fluoroscopia fueron del 3,1 (n=71), 8,5 (n=131), 1,7 (n=23) y 3% (n=47), respectivamente. Solo 5 estudios informaron de un fracaso del abordaje realizado con fluoroscopia, con un total de 30 (1,3%) procedimientos fallidos. Conclusión Durante los últimos años han surgido diversas maneras de aplicar el protocolo ALARA en endourología en un esfuerzo por proteger tanto a los pacientes como al personal sanitario. ... (AU)

Introduction Radiation via the use of imaging is a key tool in management of kidney stones. Simple measures are largely taken by the endourologists to implement the ‘As Low As Reasonably Achievable’ (ALARA) principle, including the use of fluoroless technique. We performed a scoping literature review to investigate the success and safety of fluoroless ureteroscopy (URS) or percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) procedures for the treatment of KSD. Methods A literature review was performed searching bibliographic databases PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library, and 14 full papers were included in the review in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Results Of the 2535 total procedures analysed, 823 were fluoroless URS vs. 556 fluoroscopic URS; and 734 fluoroless PCNL vs. 277 fluoroscopic PCNL. The SFR for fluoroless vs. fluoroscopic guided URS was 85.3% and 77%, respectively (P=.2), while for fluoroless PCNL vs. fluoroscopic group was 83.8% and 84.6%, respectively (P=.9). The overall Clavien-Dindo I/II and III/IV complications for fluoroless and fluoroscopic guided procedures were 3.1% (n=71) and 8.5% (n=131), and 1.7% (n=23) and 3% (n=47) respectively. Only 5 studies reported a failure of the fluoroscopic approach with a total of 30 (1.3%) failed procedures. Conclusion The ALARA protocol has been implemented in endourology in numerous ways to protect both patients and healthcare workers during recent years. Fluoroless procedures for treatment of KSD are safe and effective with outcomes comparable to standard procedures and could become the new frontier of endourology in selected cases. (AU)

Electroporación irreversible: ampliando las fronteras de la ablación / Irreversible electroporation: Beyond the limits of tumor ablation

La electroporación irreversible o IRE (irreversible electroporation) es una técnica de ablación tumoral no térmica basada en la aplicación de pulsos eléctricos de alto voltaje entre pares de agujas insertadas alrededor de un tumor. La corriente generada favorece la creación de nanoporos en la membrana plasmática, desencadenando la apoptosis. Por ello, la IRE puede utilizarse de manera segura en localizaciones cercanas a estructuras vasculares delicadas, contraindicadas para el resto de técnicas termoablativas. Actualmente la IRE se emplea con éxito para la ablación de tumores en páncreas, riñón e hígado y, de manera muy extendida, como opción terapéutica focal para el cáncer de próstata. La necesidad de un manejo anestésico específico y la colocación precisa y en paralelo de múltiples agujas implican un alto nivel de complejidad, siendo necesaria una gran experiencia del equipo intervencionista. No obstante, se trata de una técnica muy prometedora con una gran capacidad inmunológica sistémica que puede provocar un efecto a distancia del tumor tratado (efecto abscopal).(AU)

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal tumor ablation technique. High-voltage electrical pulses are applied between pairs of electrodes inserted around and/or inside a tumor. The generated electric current induces the creation of nanopores in the cell membrane, triggering apoptosis. As a result, IRE can be safely used in areas near delicate vascular structures where other thermal ablation methods are contraindicated. Currently, IRE has demonstrated to be a successful ablation technique for pancreatic, renal, and liver tumors and is widely used as a focal therapeutic option for prostate cancer. The need for specific anesthetic management and accurate parallel placement of multiple electrodes entails a high level of complexity and great expertise from the interventional team is required. Nevertheless, IRE is a very promising technique with a remarkable systemic immunological capability and may impact on distant metastases (abscopal effect).(AU)

Subjective identification and ablation of drivers improves rhythm control in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. The CHAOS-AF study.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The optimal approach for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation remains unknown. In patients with persistent AF, we compared an ablation strategy based on pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) plus ablation of drivers (PVI+D), with a conventional PVI-only approach performed in a 1:1 propensity score-matched cohort. METHODS: Drivers were subjectively identified using conventional high-density mapping catheters (IntellaMap ORION, PentaRay NAV or Advisor HD Grid), without dedicated software, as fractionated continuous or quasicontinuous electrograms on 1 to 2 adjacent bipoles, which were ablated first; and as sites with spatiotemporal dispersion (the entire cycle length comprised within the mapping catheter) plus noncontinuous fractionation, which were only targeted in patients without fractionated continuous electrograms, or without AF conversion after ablation of fractionated continuous electrograms. Ablation included PVI plus focal or linear ablation targeting drivers. RESULTS: A total of 50 patients were included in each group (61±10 years, 25% women). Fractionated continuous electrograms were found and ablated in 21 patients from the PVI+D group (42%), leading to AF conversion in 7 patients. In the remaining 43 patients, 143 sites with spatiotemporal dispersion plus noncontinuous fractionation were targeted. Globally, AF conversion was achieved in 21 patients (42%). The PVI+D group showed lower atrial arrhythmia recurrences at 1 year of follow-up (30.6% vs 48%; P=.048) and at the last follow-up (46% vs 72%; P=.013), and less progression to permanent AF (10% vs 40%; P=.001). CONCLUSIONS: Subjective identification and ablation of drivers, added to PVI, increased 1-year freedom from atrial arrhythmia and decreased long-term recurrences and progression to permanent AF.

Irreversible electroporation: Beyond the limits of tumor ablation.

Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal tumor ablation technique. High-voltage electrical pulses are applied between pairs of electrodes inserted around and/or inside a tumor. The generated electric current induces the creation of nanopores in the cell membrane, triggering apoptosis. As a result, IRE can be safely used in areas near delicate vascular structures where other thermal ablation methods are contraindicated. Currently, IRE has demonstrated to be a successful ablation technique for pancreatic, renal, and liver tumors and is widely used as a focal therapeutic option for prostate cancer. The need for specific anesthetic management and accurate parallel placement of multiple electrodes entails a high level of complexity and great expertise from the interventional team is required. Nevertheless, IRE is a very promising technique with a remarkable systemic immunological capability and may impact on distant metastases (abscopal effect).