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1.
Rev. psicopatol. salud ment. niño adolesc ; (39): 23-29, Abr. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-220237

ABSTRACT

El presente trabajode investigación tiene la intención de probar si un cambio de mirada y metodología para tratar el consumo decannabis puede generar un impacto con mayor incidencia en los adolescentes y jóvenes. En cuanto a la técni-ca empleada, principalmente se utiliza la psicoeducación, la técnica motivacional y la cognitiva-conductual. Serealiza una evaluación del grupo terapéutico mediante el cuestionario de factores terapéuticos grupales (FTG),también se evalúa la evolución y las mejoras del paciente con el test URICA (escala de evaluación del cambio)pre-post y anual. El cambio significativo en el estadio de acción influye que los participantes hagan un plantea-miento sobre su consumo e incluso tomen la decisión de finalizarlo.(AU)


The present research has the intention of testing whether a change of approach and methodology totreat cannabis use can generate an impact with a greater incidence on adolescents and young people. Psycho-education, motivational and cognitive-behavioural techniques are mainly used. An evaluation of the therapeuticgroup is carried out using the questionnaire of therapeutic group factors (FTG), and the evolution and improve-ments of the patient are also evaluated using the URICA test (change evaluation scale) pre-post and yearly. Thesignificant change in the action stage influences participants to think about their use and even decide to stop.(AU)


Aquest treball de recercaté la intenció de provar si un canvi de mirada i metodologia per tractar el consum de cànnabis pot generar unimpacte amb més incidència en els adolescents i els joves. Quant a les tècniques emprades, principalment esfan servir la psicoeducació, la tècnica motivacional i la cognitivoconductual. Es realitza una avaluació del grupterapèutic mitjançant el qüestionari de factors terapèutics grupals (FTG); també s'avalua l'evolució i les milloresdel pacient amb el test URICA (escala d'avaluació del canvi), abans, després i anualment. El canvi significatiu al'estadi d'acció influeix en el fet que els participants facin un plantejament sobre el seu consum i fins i tot pren-guin la decisió de finalitzar-lo.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Cannabis , Marijuana Smoking , Marijuana Use , Psychotherapy, Group , Research , Mental Health
2.
Rev. bioét. derecho ; (54): 121-138, Mar. 2022.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-210218

ABSTRACT

La técnica de edición genética CRISPR-Cas9 ha hecho una revolución dentro de la ciencia y también ha generado discusiones sobre su uso en humanos, tanto anivel de seguridad como ético y político. En este trabajo, argumento que no es posible realizar ediciones genómicas para un uso terapéutico de la técnica CRISPR-Cas9 en embriones con enfermedades monogénicas que se convertirán en futuros niños o niñas hasta que no se garantice mayor seguridad y eficacia. Para ello, considero que debe haber un balance entre la prevención en su uso terapéutico y su uso en investigación. En primer lugar, explico los diferentes posibles usos de la técnica CRISPR-Cas9 diferenciando su uso terapéutico, (práctica validada y práctica no validada); su uso para mejoramiento y su uso en investigación. En segundo lugar, analizo cuales son los riesgos de realizar ediciones genómicas para uso terapéutico. Además, enumero una serie de consideraciones éticas a tener en cuenta en el futuro en caso de que esta técnica sea aprobada. En tercer lugar, evalúo los consensos internacionales dados hasta el momento y describo el caso de Argentina, su prohibición y los problemas que genera a la hora de hacer investigaciones. En cuarto lugar, analizo las diferentes alternativas reproductivas existentes y realizo un análisis de riesgo/beneficio para su posible uso. Por último, evalúo una posible objeción a mi trabajo explicando que este no contempla la libertad reproductiva de los futuros padres/madres. En respuesta a ello, considero que se genera un conflicto entre los principios de autonomía y no maleficencia.(AU)


The CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technique has made a revolution in science and has also generated discussions about its use in humans, both at the safety, ethical and political levels. In this paper, I argue that it is not possible to perform gene editing fortherapeutic use of the CRISPR-Cas9 technique in embryos with monogenic diseases that will become future children until greater safety and efficacy are guaranteed. To this end, I consider that there must be a balance between prevention in its therapeutic use and its use in research. First, I explain the different possible uses of the CRISPR-Cas9 technique, differentiating its therapeutic use (validated practice and non-validated practice), its use for improvement and its use in research. Secondly, I analyzethe risks of performing gene editing for therapeutic use. In addition, I list a series of ethical considerations to be considered in the future in case this technique is approved. Thirdly, I evaluate the international consensus reached so far and describethe case of Argentina, its prohibition and the problems it generates at the time of doing research. Fourthly, I analyze the different existing reproductive alternatives and perform a risk/benefit analysis for their possible use. Finally, I evaluate a possible objection to my work by explaining that it does not contemplate the reproductive freedom of prospective parents. In response, I consider that a conflict between the principles of autonomy and non-maleficence is generated.(AU)


La tècnica d'edició genètica CRISPR-Cas9 ha fet una revolució dins de la ciència i també ha generat discussions sobre el seu ús en humans, tant a nivell de seguretat com ètic i polític. En aquest treball, argument que no és possible realitzar edicions genòmiques per a un ús terapèutic de la tècnica CRISPR-Cas9 en embrions amb malalties monogèniques que es convertiran en futurs nens o nenes fins que no es garanteixi major seguretat i eficàcia. Per a això, considero que ha d'haver-hi un balanç entre la prevenció en el seu ús terapèutic i el seu ús en recerca. Enprimer lloc, explico els diferents possibles usos de la tècnica CRISPR-Cas9 diferenciant el seu ús terapèutic, (pràctica validada i pràctica no validada); el seu ús per a millorament i el seu ús en recerca. En segon lloc, analitzo quals són els riscos de realitzar edicions genòmiques per a ús terapèutic. A més, enumero una sèrie de consideracions ètiques a tenir en compte en el futur en cas que aquesta tècnica sigui aprovada. En tercer lloc, avaluo els consensos internacionals daus fins al moment i descricel cas de l'Argentina, la seva prohibició i els problemes que genera a l'hora de fer recerques. En quart lloc, analitzo les diferents alternatives reproductives existents i realitzo una anàlisi de risc/beneficio per al seu possible ús. Finalment, avaluo una possible objecció al meu treball explicant que aquest no contempla la llibertat reproductiva dels futurs pares/mares. En resposta a això, considero que es genera un conflicte entre els principis d'autonomia i no maleficència.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats , Embryo, Mammalian , Biotechnology , Genomics , CRISPR-Associated Protein 9 , Bioethics , Ethics , Human Rights
3.
Cambios rev. méd ; 20(2): 94-102, 30 Diciembre 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1368417

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN. La enfermedad relacionada con IgG4 es una patología fibroinflamatoria multiorgánica, de origen desconocido, que simula trastornos malignos, infecciosos e inflamatorios. Los criterios del American College of Rheumatology y la European League against Rheumatism 2019, son útiles para el diagnóstico diferencial de ésta enfermedad cuando se no se cuenta con evidencia de inmunoglobulina G4 en sangre. CASO CLÍNICO. Paciente hombre de 45 años de edad, nacido en Ambato-Ecuador, con ingreso en noviembre del 2017, en emergencias del Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, con presencia de tos con hemoptisis leve, febrícula, astenia, pérdida de peso e hiporexia de dos semanas de evolución. Se realizó múltiples exámenes, tras observar infiltrados pulmonares intersticiales, con elevación de inmunoglobulina G en suero, negativas para malignidad; se sospechó de enfermedad relacionada a inmunoglobulina G4. Se ampliaron los estudios para descartar otras patologías más prevalentes y cuyo diferencial es primordial. Se inició tratamiento con prednisona y micofenolato con buena respuesta clínica; durante dos años. DISCUSIÓN. La evidencia científica registró que el hallazgo más importante en la enfermedad relacionada con inmunoglobulina G4 fue un aumento de sus niveles séricos. La recurrencia de la enfermedad en un órgano afectado o la aparición de un nuevo órgano involucrado pudo conducir al diagnóstico en el caso presentado. CONCLUSIÓN. La enfermedad relacionada con inmunoglobulina G4 al ser una patología heterogénea, inmunomediada, al simular otras afecciones puede retrasar el diagnóstico; se debe tener una alta sospecha clínica, si al excluir otros procesos infecciosos, autoinmunes y/o eoplásicos, hay evidencia de patología fibroesclerosante multiorgánica sin causa establecida.


INTRODUCTION. IgG4-related disease is a multiorgan fibroinflammatory pathology of unknown origin that mimics malignant, infectious, and inflammatory disorders. The criteria of the American College of Rheumatology and the European League against Rheumatism 2019 are useful for the differential diagnosis of this disease when there is no evidence of immunoglobulin G4 in blood. CLINICAL CASE. 45-year-old male patient, born in Ambato-Ecuador, with admission in November 2017, in the emergency room of the Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, with the presence of cough with mild hemoptysis, fever, asthenia, weight loss and hyporexia of two weeks of evolution. Multiple tests were performed, after observing interstitial pulmonary infiltrates, with elevated serum immunoglobulin G, negative for malignancy; immunoglobulin G4-related disease was suspected. Studies were extended to rule out other more prevalent pathologies whose differential is paramount. Treatment with prednisone and mycophenolate was started with good clinical response; for two years. DISCUSSION. The scientific evidence recorded that the most important finding in immunoglobulin G4-related disease was an increase in its serum levels. Recurrence of the disease in an affected organ or the appearance of a new involved organ could have led to the diagnosis in the presented case. CONCLUSION. Immunoglobulin G4-related disease, being a heterogeneous, immune-mediated pathology, by simulating other conditions may delay diagnosis; a high clinical suspicion should be maintained if, when other infectious, autoimmune and/or neoplastic processes are excluded, there is evidence of multiorgan fibrosclerosing pathology without established cause.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease/diagnosis , Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease/blood , Orbit/pathology , Parotid Gland/pathology , Bronchi/pathology , Biomarkers/blood , Diagnosis, Differential , Edema , Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease/pathology , Hypertrophy , Lung/pathology
4.
Rev. colomb. cancerol ; 24(4): 165-175, oct.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1289188

ABSTRACT

Resumen La supervivencia global y la calidad de vida son objetivos primarios del tratamiento del cáncer. El desarrollo de terapias blanco promovió el concepto de tratamientos personalizados, los que se han evaluado principalmente mediante desenlaces centrados en el tumor y han tenido foco en tumores de baja frecuencia y estados avanzados. La inmunoterapia rompe esta tendencia y genera expectativa por su efecto en la supervivencia global y su potencial uso en una gama amplia de tumores. Dentro de esta, las vacunas basadas en neoantígenos han mostrado alta eficacia y seguridad debido a su afinidad con células T y su elevada especificidad. Basado en sus principios biológicos se revisa su posible impacto en la carga de enfermedad según la relación entre potencial inmunogénico y prevalencia por tipo de tumor, el posible efecto en la práctica clínica por su combinación con otras modalidades de tratamiento, y el efecto en el acceso al tratamiento dado su proceso de desarrollo y producción y la disponibilidad de información propia.


Abstract Overall survival and quality of life are primary goals of cancer treatment. The recent development of targeted therapies has fostered the concept of personalized treatments, which have been evaluated mainly through tumor-centered outcomes and have focused on low-prevalence tumors and advanced stages. Immunotherapy halts this trend and generates expectation regarding its impact on overall survival and its potential use in a wide range of tumors. As part of immunotherapy, neoantigen vaccines have shown high efficacy and safety due to their affinity with T cells and their high specificity. Based on biological principles, we reviewed their potential impact on the burden of disease given the immunogenicity and prevalence by tumor type, the possible effect on clinical practice due to their combination with other treatment modalities, and the effect on access to treatment, given the process of development and production and the availability of local data.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biological Products , Vaccines , Neoplasms , Therapeutics
5.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 69(4): 815-820, jul.-ago. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-876518

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo relatar um caso de envenenamento botrópico em um equino, fêmea, seis anos de idade, da raça Quarto de Milha, pesando 460kg, que foi atendido no hospital veterinário da FCAV/Unesp, Campus de Jaboticabal, SP. No exame clínico, observou-se aumento bilateral de narina, com extrema sensibilidade ao toque, presença das marcas da presa da serpente na região rostral de focinho, mucosas róseas com petéquias. No exame de sangue, pôde-se detectar alteração no tempo de coagulação sanguínea (>30 minutos). O animal permaneceu internado, sendo instituída a seguinte terapia: soro antiofídico polivalente, transfusão de plasma sanguíneo equino, fluidoterapia intensa, flunixin meglumine e sulfa associado ao trimetoprim. A associação da transfusão de plasma sanguíneo equino ao tratamento convencional foi de extrema importância para correção da coagulopatia causada pelo acidente ofídico. A égua apresentou melhora clínica e resolução do quadro de envenenamento após cinco dias da internação.(AU)


This study aims to report a case of blood plasma association with the treatment of bothrops poisoning in an equine, female, six years of age, Quarter Horses, weighing 460 kg, which was served in the veterinary hospital of the FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal/SP. Clinical examination showed bilateral increase in nostrils, with great sensitivity to touch, presence of snake prey marks the rostral region of the snout, mucous rosy and with petechiae. Blood samples showed changes in blood clotting time (> 30 minutes). The animal remained in hospitalization with the following treatment: polyvalent antivenom, blood plasma transfusion, intensive fluid therapy, flunexim meglumine and sulfa associated with trimethoprim. The association of transfusion equine blood plasma to conventional treatment was extremely important for correction of coagulopathy caused by snakebite. The mare showed clinical improvement and resolution of poisoning symptoms after five days of hospitalization.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Blood Transfusion/veterinary , Horses , Plasma , Snake Bites/therapy , Bothrops , Snake Bites/veterinary
6.
ACM arq. catarin. med ; 45(4): 95-109, out. - dez. 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-827351

ABSTRACT

Nas últimas décadas, o entendimento dos mecanismos biológico e molecular da síndrome metabólica sofreu mudanças na melhor compreensão e reconhecimento precoce para prevenção e abordagens terapêuticas eficazes. Este artigo tem como objetivo rever os conceitos e os principais aspectos da fisiopatologia, fatores de risco cardiovasculares e tratamento das patologias que envolvem a síndrome metabólica e doenças cardiovasculares, analisando medidas necessárias a serem adotadas no dia a dia do cardiologista clínico, com base na epidemiologia cardiovascular, interpretando os riscos à luz dos escores de estratificação e, consequentemente, intervir sobre eles utilizando uma abordagem clínica adequada. Nessa revisão, são discutidos os conceitos e as implicações clínicas dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares e critérios diagnósticos e terapêuticos da Síndrome Metabólica.


In the last decades, the understanding of the biology and molecular mechanisms of the metabolic syndrome has changed, improving better compreension and early recognation to eficacy in prevention and terapeutic management. This article reviews the concepts and mainly aspects of pathophysiology, cardiovascular risk factors and treatment which involve metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases, analysing necessary measures to be adopted daily for cardiologists, based on cardiovascular epidemiology, understanding the risks by the stratification scores, to consequently interfere upon them, utilizing an adequate clinical aproach.

7.
São Paulo; s.n; 2015. [119] p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-870974

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Os Inibidores de Bombas de Prótons (IBP´s) são comumente prescritos a pacientes em uso de dupla antiagregação plaquetária (DAP) com ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS) e clopidogrel. Entretanto, esta classe de medicamentos, especialmente o omeprazol, tem sido associada à redução da potência antiplaquetária do clopidogrel, levando em muitos casos ao uso de ranitidina como alternativa. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados pacientes com doença arterial coronária (DAC) estável em uso de AAS 100 mg uma vez ao dia. A agregabilidade plaquetária foi medida no momento basal e após uma semana de terapia com clopidogrel na dose de 75 mg uma vez ao dia. Após essa fase inicial, os participantes foram randomizados de modo duplo-cego e duplo-mascarado para omeprazol 20 mg duas vezes dia ou ranitidina 150 mg duas vezes ao dia, sendo os testes de agregação plaquetária novamente repetidos após uma semana. A agregabilidade foi avaliada com a utilização dos seguintes métodos: VerifyNow P2Y12® (Accumetrics - San Diego, CA, EUA, meta principal do estudo), utilizando-se Unidades de Reatividade ao P2Y12 ("P2Y12 Reactivity Units" - PRU) e Inibição Percentual da Agregabilidade (IPA) na descrição da agregabilidade; agregometria de sangue total (AST) por bioimpedância utilizando os reagentes ADP e colágeno, sendo a agregabilidade medida em Ohms; "Platelet Function Analyser" 100® (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics®, Newark, Delaware, EUA) utilizando o cartucho de colágeno/ADP, com a agregabilidade avaliada pelo tempo de fechamento do orifício em segundos. Além disso, foi feita dosagem de tromboxano B2 (TXB2) sérico na última visita a fim de se avaliar o efeito do AAS. RESULTADOS: Oitenta e cinco pacientes foram incluídos na análise final, sendo 41 no grupo omeprazol e 44 no grupo ranitidina. Houve redução significativa da IPA após o acréscimo de omeprazol (de 26,3 ± 32,9% para 17,4 ± 33,1%; P = 0,025), enquanto o grupo ranitidina não demonstrou modificação significativa (de 32,6 ± 28,9% para...


BACKGROUND: Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are often prescribed to patients taking dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and clopidogrel. However, this class of medication, especially omeprazole, has been associated with a reduction of clopidogrel efficacy, leading many to substitute omeprazole with ranitidine. METHODS: The present study analyzed patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) in use of ASA 100 mg daily. Platelet aggregability was measured at baseline and after one week of clopidogrel 75 mg daily. Then, the subjects were randomized, in a double-blinded, doubledummy fashion, to omeprazole 20 mg twice a day or ranitidine 150 mg twice a day. After one more week, aggregability tests were repeated. Platelet aggregability was evaluated by the following methods: VerifyNow P2Y12TM (Accumetrics - San Diego, California, USA, main endpoint of the study), with aggregability depicted as percent Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation (IPA) and as P2Y12 Reactivity Units (PRU); whole blood aggregometry by bioimpendance using ADP and collagen with aggregability measured in Ohms; and Platelet Function Analyser 100TM (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Newark, Delaware, USA) using collagen/ADP cartridge with aggregability measured in time to closure in seconds. Besides that, serum thromboxane B2 dosage was done on the last visit to evaluate ASA effect. RESULTS: Eighty-five patients were included in final analysis (41 in the omeprazole group and 44 in the ranitidine group). IPA was significantly decreased after addition of omeprazole (from 26.3% ± 32.9 to 17.4% ± 33,1; P = 0.025), with no significant changes being observed in the ranitidine group (from 32.6% ± 28.9 to 30.1% ± 31.3; P = 0.310). When taking into account PRU values, there was a numerical, but statistically non-significant increase in the omeprazole group (from 159.73 ± 83.06 to 173.54 ± 72.29; P = 0.116), with a very slight difference in the ranitidine group (from 153.61 ±...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Coronary Disease , Omeprazole , Platelet Aggregation , Ranitidine , Therapeutics
8.
Maedica (Bucur) ; 6(1): 52-8, 2011 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21977191

ABSTRACT

Doctors accuse individual variability or lack of quality of generic drugs for adverse reactions or lack of efficacy. The variability of effect of generic substitution, although accepted by clinicians as possible, is little discussed or even understood by them. The situation is really serious in the case of generic substitution of drugs with narrow therapeutic index (NTI) or critical dose. In this paper we review the basic notions of variability and effectiveness of generic medication and change of attitude that would improve the use of these drugs.

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