ABSTRACT
In the era of artificial intelligence based on big data， data acquisition， storage and processing are more convenient， which provides a guarantee for accelerating the development of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， but it has not yet achieved organic integration with TCM theory. Based on preliminary research on the supramolecular "Qi chromatography" theory of TCM， combined with the current development trend of artificial intelligence， this paper analyzed the biological intelligence attribute of the function of TCM supramolecular "imprinting template"， in order to provide reference for the development of TCM drug innovation. Both the human body and Chinese materia medica are giant complex supramolecular bodies evolved from natural organisms. According to the "imprinting template"， the "social molecules" are controlled step by step to form the meridians and viscera. The interaction produces the original theory of TCM， in which the self-recognition， self-assembly， self-organization and self-replication of the "imprinting template" reflect the "intelligence" function attributes：the human body uses the "imprinting template" to self-identify and sense the ingredients of TCM， and store the memory information database in the meridian and collateral organs in the form of "imprinting template"， and then pass the "imprinting template". The comparison， analysis， and judgment of imprinting templates guide the self-assembly， self-organization and self-replication among "molecular society"， synthesize biological machines， produce biological functions， repair or strengthen biological supramolecular bodies， and present the most basic "intelligence" attribute. This suggests that the theory of theory-method-prescription-medicine of TCM is the weak embodiment of biological "intelligence"， while the human brain function is the strong embodiment of biological "intelligence". Since the intelligent function of supramolecular "imprinting template" runs through the natural world， artificial intelligence that can characterize the strong "intelligence" form of the human brain will also be integrated into all aspects of the natural world， suggesting the development direction of "intelligence" functionalization of drug innovation mode.
ABSTRACT
Exosomes are lipid bilayer membranous vesicles actively secreted by various cells in the organism， which are like nanoparticles and have messenger targeting. Combining with the theory of supramolecular "Qi chromatography" of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， research ideas and strategies of modernization of TCM can be constructed. Exosomes are secreted by cells， and the membrane contains nucleic acids， proteins， lipids and small molecular metabolites and others， which can accurately coordinate the functions of each cell， concentrate and transmit the functional information of the parent cell， and is the concise form of reflecting cell functions. At the same time， it is loaded with the "imprinted templates" of the supramolecular "Qi chromatography" theory of TCM. If the "imprinted templates" carrying rules among the gene-protein-lipid-small molecules wrapped in it is studied， the modern experimental research ideas and strategies of TCM theory can be established for revealing the functions of the body's meridians and viscera. Firstly， the present situation of exosomes， including discovery， secretion， characteristics， functions， attribution， uptake， research methods and application status， were reviewed in this paper. And the natural properties of its precise messenger targeted delivery vehicle were elaborated， reflecting the operation law of microscopic substances in meridians and viscera. Secondly， to explore it as an important carrier of the concentrated "imprinted templates" of the supramolecular "Qi chromatography" theory of TCM， and integrating the research methods of exosomes and supramolecular chemistry of TCM， this paper proposes experimental research ideas and strategies on the microscopic material basis of meridians and viscera， compatibility of TCM compound， and targeting of TCM targeted preparations.
ABSTRACT
The original meaning of pathogenesis refers to the cardinal mechanism of the occurrence, development and change of disease, which has three characteristics: cardinal, dominant and directional. The original pathogenesis of primary osteoporosis includes aging and renal failure, which was determined through ancient Chinese medicine books and modern researches. The basic contradiction and evolutionary law of diseases from the level of original pathogenesis were identified, that contribute to the prevention and treatment of primary osteoporosis with Traditional Chinese Medicine.
ABSTRACT
The internal organs and meridians were associated with Yin and Yang, five elements, six qi, and time and space, based on the holistic view of heaven, earth and human, according to Huangdi Neijing. The syndrome differentiation system of six meridians and Zang Fu meridians were established by Shanghan Zabing Lun, on the basis of the three Yin, three Yang, six meridians, and five Zang system in Huangdi Neijing. We put forward the concept of the six meridians syndrome differentiation system of circular motion, considering that the six meridians syndrome differentiation system actually implies the theory of circular motion. The syndrome differentiation system was constructed with the circular model of one qi circulating around the road, rising left and falling right, corresponding up and down, and maintaining conservation in the middle as the core, integrating Yin and Yang, five elements, six qi, Zang Fu and meridians, qi, blood and body fluid, and the integration of heaven, earth and human, focusing on "disease location and disease nature", taking classical prescriptions as the main treatments, and cooperating with external treatments such as acupuncture and moxibustion. We organically combined the circular motion with the syndrome differentiation of the six meridians, systematically interpreted the physiological bases, pathological changes, progressive patterns, and the treatments, based on syndrome differentiation, by inheriting the classical thinking mode of Hetu, Luoshu,Zhouyi, Huangdi Neijing, ShennongHerbal Classic, and Shanghan Zabing Lun.
ABSTRACT
Respiratory viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-1, SARS-CoV-2, influenza A viruses, and respiratory syncytial virus, pose a serious threat to society. Based on the guiding principles of "holism" and "syndrome differentiation and treatment", traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has unique advantages in the treatment of respiratory virus diseases owing to the synergistic effect of multiple components and targets, which prevents drug resistance from arising. According to TCM theory, there are two main strategies in antiviral treatments, namely "dispelling evil" and "fu zheng". Dispelling evil corresponds to the direct inhibition of virus growth and fu zheng corresponds to immune regulation, inflammation control, and tissue protection in the host. In this review, current progress in using TCMs against respiratory viruses is summarized according to modern biological theories. The prospects for developing TCMs against respiratory viruses is discussed to provide a reference for the research and development of innovative TCMs with multiple components, multiple targets, and low toxicity.
ABSTRACT
In this paper, based on the supramolecular "Qi chromatography" of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), combined with the characteristics of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the historical origin and characteristics of theoretical research on the treatment of epidemic diseases by TCM were analyzed retrospectively, and the key scientific problems for achieving its modernization were proposed, and the countermeasures were illustrated. In fact, the emergence and development history of TCM epidemic theory is a comprehensive and scientific understanding of biomolecular chemistry for epidemic caused by pathogen. From the exploration of the cause of abnormal Qi to the epidemic pathogenic factor, from the treatment based on syndrome differentiation by six meridians to by the defensive Qi and nutrient blood and the triple energizer, which is gradually close to the modern theoretical system of infectious diseases and immunology, all of which are stamped with brand of TCM supramolecular "Qi chromatography" theory. In the long history of biological evolution in nature, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as epidemic pathogenic factor in TCM, human body and Chinese materia medica are biological supramolecules at a specific stage of evolution in nature, which are controlled by the "imprinting templates" of molecular society in gradual biomolecules, with the unchanged laws of mutual advancement, mutation, suitability and mutual restriction. Based on the analysis of the law of supramolecular action hiding in the prevention and treatment of epidemic diseases dealt with TCM on procession of principle-method-recipe-medicines, this paper discusses the key scientific problems of its modernization and puts forward the solutions. It can not only clarify the scientific principle of the prevention and treatment with TCM, develop the multi-component Chinese medicine, accelerate the control of the epidemic situation, but also promote the solution of original frontier key scientific problems such as the material basis of meridians, viscera and syndromes, and the compatibility law of the TCM prescription, in order to protect the existing medical resources and open up a new situation in the modernization of TCM research.
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Chinese patent medicines have the basic characteristics of great clinical value， strong scientific value and high market value. It is not only the core engine of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） industry development but also the important content of TCM academic development， which is the great significance of the cause and industry of TCM. In this study， based on reviewing the methods and models of TCM theoretical， the innovation of TCM theory and Chinese patent medicines were hitting-point， which it is emphasized that the creation of effective formula is the concentrated embodiment of the theoretical innovation research results， and the Suhuang Zhike capsule and fengke theory， Tongxinluo capsule and collateral disease theory were taken as examples. On this basis， the ideas and strategies were put forward to realizing the theoretical innovation research of TCM with the large varieties of TCM as the carrier， that is， based on combing and analyzing the prescription rules and functional indications of the large varieties of TCM， and deepening the theoretical connotation of it. Meanwhile， not only emphasized the general theoretical understanding but also paid attention to the application of unique drugs and their compatibility. It not only satisfies the modern scientific connotation of revealing the role of TCM， but also explores unknown or possible new targets， new pathways and mechanisms by using large varieties of proprietary Chinese medicines to promote scientific discoveries and lead medical research.
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Aromatic Chinese herbs has been used to prevent plague since ancient times, and traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of epidemic disease. Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rampant, and the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China issued guidelines which recommends integrated treatment plans of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. According to the traditional Chinese medicine treatment plan in the National COVID-19 Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Trial Seventh Edition) of the National Health Commission, Chinese patent medicines or prescriptions containing more aromatic Chinese herbs are selected for prevention and treatment during the period of medical observation, clinical treatment and recovery of confirmed patients. Some local health committees or traditional Chinese medicine administrations also recommend a variety of other ways to use aromatic traditional Chinese herbs (external fumigation, moxibustion, wearing sachet, etc.) to prevent and cure COVID-19. The efficacy of "fragrance repels filth and reinforces vital qi" of aromatic Chinese herbs plays a positive role in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. It has become a consensus to use aromatic Chinese herbs to interfere with the occurrence and development of COVID-19. The unique properties, chemical composition and action mechanism of aromatic Chinese herbs are worthy of extensive and in-depth experimental and clinical research, which can provide reference for the follow-up treatment of novel coronavirus and the development of corresponding drugs. Based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, this paper discusses the role of aromatic Chinese herbs in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, and speculates the possible mechanism of its function, in order to provide a basis for attaching importance to the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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With the development of social economy,people's demand for health services is growing rapidly. As health resource with Chinese characteristics,health food containing Chinese materia medica have broad prospect and great market space for development.However,at present,there are still many problems of health food containing Chinese materia media in the research,development,evaluation and market application. In addition,due to lack of theoretical support of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in the research and development of health food containing Chinese materia media,blurred boundaries between health food containing Chinese materia media and other health products as well as TCM are present,lacking of TCM characteristics. In the evaluation process of health food containing Chinese materia media,the construction of functional food laws,regulations and evaluation norms is relatively lagging behind,which can't meet the needs of health food containing Chinese materia media research and development,severely restricting the development of health food containing Chinese materia media. Based on the research and evaluation of health food containing Chinese materia media,the existing problems were reviewed and the reasons for the deficiencies were analyzed in this paper. Guided by the theory of TCM,based on the constitution identification in TCM,and combined with modern scientific and technological means,a new research and development mode of functional food was put forward in this paper to distinguish health food containing Chinese materia media from TCM as well as general health products. Nevertheless,we should ensure the vitality of Chinese medicine health products with original thinking and scientific and technological connotations,and accelerate the harmonious,rapid and sustainable development of Chinese medicine health industry.
Subject(s)
Functional Food , Materia Medica , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Industry , ResearchABSTRACT
With the development of social economy,people's demand for health services is growing rapidly. As health resource with Chinese characteristics,health food containing Chinese materia medica have broad prospect and great market space for development.However,at present,there are still many problems of health food containing Chinese materia media in the research,development,evaluation and market application. In addition,due to lack of theoretical support of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in the research and development of health food containing Chinese materia media,blurred boundaries between health food containing Chinese materia media and other health products as well as TCM are present,lacking of TCM characteristics. In the evaluation process of health food containing Chinese materia media,the construction of functional food laws,regulations and evaluation norms is relatively lagging behind,which can't meet the needs of health food containing Chinese materia media research and development,severely restricting the development of health food containing Chinese materia media. Based on the research and evaluation of health food containing Chinese materia media,the existing problems were reviewed and the reasons for the deficiencies were analyzed in this paper. Guided by the theory of TCM,based on the constitution identification in TCM,and combined with modern scientific and technological means,a new research and development mode of functional food was put forward in this paper to distinguish health food containing Chinese materia media from TCM as well as general health products. Nevertheless,we should ensure the vitality of Chinese medicine health products with original thinking and scientific and technological connotations,and accelerate the harmonious,rapid and sustainable development of Chinese medicine health industry.
Subject(s)
Functional Food , Industry , Materia Medica , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , ResearchABSTRACT
With the implementation of the national "The Belt and Road" strategy,the international exchange of Chinese medicine is increasing day by day,and foreign drug resources provide a vast space for the development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).The introduction of foreign high-quality resources to promote the development of TCM has become the mission of the times to TCM practitioners.In this paper,the successful cases of herbalization of foreign drugs were analyzed.From the three aspects of the image thinking,the original application,the clinical and experimental validation,TCM was recognized and the preliminary research method of herbalization of the foreign medicines was put forward.Through the repeated exploration mode of "theoretical discussion(literature research+field investigation)→experimental verification→clinical practice",the performance of foreign drugs was investigated,providing reference for the research method of herbalization of foreign drugs.
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The modern medical research has confirmed that liver fibrosis is reversible, but there is no reliable drugs. The traditional Chinese medicine on liver fibrosis treatment has showed some certain advantages, but its basic etiology and pathogenesis and treatment methods have not yet been discussed. This paper summarized recent 5 years of literature about the knowledge and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for liver fibrosis, in order to explore more appropriate treatment to guide the clinical.
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[Objective] To elucidate the original meaning, connotation and clinical significance of SanJiao.[Methods] Dig out the connotation of Sanjiao theory by means of genetic research methods, it's found that the Sanjiao includes not noly the Fu Sanjiao and the Sanjiao divided by parts of the body, but also hand Sanjiao and foot Sanjiao, pointing out emphatically the foot Sanjiao's along route and acupoints,diagnosis site, disease syndrome and treatment,and it expounds the physiology and pathology of Sanjiao.[Results]The Sanjiao Fu is visible stria connecting tissue,which has the storage and diarrhea function of Fu,every place will be smooth if the Sanjiao is smooth.The Sanjiao divided by parts of the body is unified in stomach,it's actually one Sanjiao.The ministerial fire of Sanjiao roots in the stomach,it is responsible for the Yang Qi of the entire body.The ministerial fire is responsible for digesting food and generating and transformating Qi of Ying and Wei,the upper side of Sanjiao is called upper burner,also called hand Sanjiao,being responsible for the heart and lung.It has 5 functions,supplying and distributing Wei Qi, governing the skin and muscle,passing through Ying Qi and Wei Qi,regulating channel of human body,being responsible for the function of striae.The lower side of Sanjiao is called lower burner,also called foot Sanjiao, being responsible for the gasification of the renal bladder.excreting two urines,conducting dross,it involves small intestine, large intestine, bladder and kidney.[Conclusion]Sanjiao is visible and nameable,it is rooted in the spleen and stomach, located in the muscle.The Sanjiao Fu is striae between the muscle.The ministerial fire of Sanjiao is responsible for the Yang Qi of the entire body,the middle burner is responsible for digesting food and generating and transformating Qi of Ying and Wei,the upper burner is responsible for the heart and lung,the lower burner is responsible for the bladder meridian.
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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Japanese-Chinese medicine, and Korean Sasang constitutional medicine have common origins. However, the constitutional medicines of China, Japan, and Korea differ because of the influence of geographical culture, social environment, national practices, and other factors. This paper aimed to compare the constitutional medicines of China, Japan, and Korea in terms of theoretical origin, constitutional classification, constitution and pathogenesis, clinical applications and basic studies that were conducted. The constitutional theories of the three countries are all derived from the Canon of Internal Medicine or Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases of Ancient China. However, the three countries have different constitutional classifications and criteria. Medical sciences in the three countries focus on the clinical applications of constitutional theory. They all agree that different pathogenic laws that guide the treatment of diseases govern different constitutions; thus, patients with different constitutions are treated differently. The three countries also differ in terms of drug formulations and medication. Japanese medicine is prescribed only based on constitution. Korean medicine is based on treatment, in which drugs cannot be mixed. TCM synthesize the treatment model of constitution differentiation, disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation with the treatment thought of treating disease according to three categories of etiologic factors, which reflect the constitution as the characteristic of individual precision treatment. In conclusion, constitutional medicines of China, Japan, and Korea have the same theoretical origin, but differ in constitutional classification, clinical application of constitutional theory on the treatment of diseases, drug formulations and medication.
Subject(s)
Body Constitution , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Medicine, Korean Traditional , China , Humans , Japan , KoreaABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of acute blood stasis on nitric oxide (NO), angiotensin â ¡(Angâ ¡), angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) mRNA, neuregulin 1 (NRG-1) mRNA, and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) in rats with stasis induced by high-molecular-weight dextran (HMWD). METHODS: Seventy-five Sprague Dawley rats were divided randomly into five groups (n = 15 in each group): control group, immediate group, 1 h group, 3 h group, and 6 h group. A model of acute blood stasis was established via injection of HMWD into the tail vein. After performing electrocardiogram at the predetermined times according to the grouping, we collected blood and cardiac samples for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and histopathological examination via transmission electron microscopy. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect plasma levels of NO, Angâ ¡, and fibrinogen. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of ANGPTL4 mRNA and NRG-1 mRNA. Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect PECAM-1 protein expression. RESULTS: The rat model of blood stasis showed blood retention in the capillary lumens. The ST segment showed gradual elevation, and was still elevated at 3 and 6 h after induction of blood stasis. HE staining showed myocardial cell necrosis and dissolution after modeling, along with basement membrane rupture and mitochondrial structural damage. Transmission electron microscopy showed endothelial cell swelling and an increase in absorption vesicles immediately after modeling. Endothelial cell apoptosis was increased at 3 and 6 h after modeling. Cardiac muscle fibers were disordered and intercalated discs were blurred immediately after modeling. There were massive numbers of dissolved cardiac muscle fibers, ruptured basement membranes, and mitochondrial structural damage at 3 and 6 h after modeling. NO plasma concentration was significantly reduced immediately and 1 h after modeling, while it was increased at 3 and 6 h. Ang¢ò plasma concentration was decreased immediately after modeling, but increased at 1, 3, and 6 h. Fibrinogen plasma concentration was significantly increased at immediate, 1, 3, and 6 h after modeling. PECAM-1 protein expression was obviously increased immediately after modeling, at 1, 6 h was found mild augment. Expression of AngPTL4 mRNA was increased at immediate, 1, 3, and 6 h after modeling, and was found further augment at 3, and 6 h. Expression of NRG-1 mRNA was increased at immediate, 1, 3, and 6 h after modeling, and the strongest expression was at 1 h. CONCLUSION: The pathological manifestation of acute blood stasis is characterized by microvascular blood retention. Prolonged blood stasis leads to worsening endothelial cell and cardiomyocyte damage, along with imbalances in the expression of vasomotor factors and increased vascular tone. The pathological damage caused by blood stasis also promotes the expression of cell protection factors.
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[Objective] To explore the effect of the multiple teaching methods on the teaching of the doctrine of viscera state in the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine.[Methods]Research subjects were divided into study group(the multiple teaching group) and control group(the systematic instruction group),comprehensively evaluate the effect of the multiple teaching methods on the teaching of the doctrine of viscera state in the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine,through the evaluation of teaching quality,students' questionnaire and the test of learning achievement.[Results] The multiple teaching method can improve students' interest in learning,activate the atmosphere of classroom,enhance communication between teachers and students,students generally think the multiple teaching method is helpful to correctly understanding and grasping the knowledge of the doctrine of viscera state,and is reflected in the homeworks and the test of learning achievement,the homeworks and the test of learning achievement of the multiple teaching method group were better than that of the systematic instruction group,there were significant differences between two groups(P＜0.05).[Conclusion]The multiple teaching method is helpful to improve the teaching mode on the doctrine of viscera state in the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine,to enhance the students' learning motivation and ability of cognition,so that students can fully and deeply understand and grasp the doctrine of viscera state.
ABSTRACT
To understand the clinical characteristics and distribution of combined treatment of Chinese and western medicine in diabetes deaths, the hospitalization information of diabetes deaths from HIS system of 20 national 3A-grade general hospitals. Then the frequency statistics and association rules analysis were used to analyze the general information, complications, combined treatment, death time and other information of the patients died from diabetes. The results showed that most of the diabetes deaths were of middle aged and elderly people, more often in males than females. The complications with higher incidence included hypertension, pulmonary infection, coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction and renal inadequacy. In combined treatment rules, western medicines insulin, cefuroxime, furosemide, dopamine, nikethamide and sodium bicarbonate were used in combination at highest frequencies, followed by the combinations of traditional Chinese medicines panax notoginseng, radix bupleuri and western medicines, and the combinations between Chinese medicines had the lowest use frequency. Most of the diabetes deaths were of middle aged and elderly people, more often in males than females. They mainly died from 3 pm to 5 pm and from 5 pm to 7 pm. Therefore, the diabetes deaths often had complications of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and early prevention shall be noted in clinics; the clinical treatment plan was basically in accordance with the guidelines for clinical treatment of diabetes; the drugs with promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis and soothing liver-qi stagnation effects were the common Chinese medicines in treatment of diabetes.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus/mortality , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Aged , Diabetes Complications , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
More and more disputes have happened to confront us continuously since the separation of Japanese(wild) honeysuckle flower in Chinese Pharmacopoeia in 2005. The state pharmacopeia committee decided to separate Japanese(wild) honeysuckle flower into two species for japanese(wild) honeysuckle flower, but didn't define their the convincing reasons still did not provide to us as a result that two medicines are not described the differences in natural properties, efficiency and indication, usage and dosage, as well as not given a resolving methodand specific solution. It was known for us that in the history of traditional Chinese medicineï¼TCMï¼, the phenomenenphenomena of the "one drug from multi-species" and "one species for multi-drug" are very ordinary thingswere ubiquitous. Whether separation of the drug species are separated shall be decided to by clinical efficiency. Through Chinese pharmacopoeia (2015 edition) issue of Chinese Pharmacopoeia the 2015 issue of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, we still cannot find a scientific solution for the dispute of for Japanese (wild) honeysuckle flower, perhaps because of insufficient reorganization of TCM clinical medication regularities, such as "treatment of different diseases with same drug", " treatment of the same disease with different drugs" and "treatment of the same syndrome with multi-prescriptions", and "one prescription treating multiple syndromes"; lack of in-depth analysis for multi-component TCM compounds and autonomisation of "supermolecular template" for organs and meridians; less attention to the advance of efficacy and safety evaluation technologies for multi-component TCM compounds; impacts from the medication mode of "one ingredient-one composition-one effect"; as well as insufficient research methods for bioequivalent evaluation in preclinic and clinic studies . The dispute for species combination or separation for Japanese(wild) honeysuckle flower was apparently caused by regional economy, drug biological equivalent of efficacy and safety, but arising from clinical principles for systematical syndrome treatment with TCM, or concepts in the treatment of diseases with TCM or western medicines. This paper focused on current studies on Japanese(wild) honeysuckle flower in the combination with TCM clinical medication regularities, such as "treatment of different diseases with same drug", "treatment of the same disease with different drugs" and "treatment of the same syndrome with multi-prescriptions", and "one prescription treating multiple syndromes", expounded the specific pharmacological regularity of "heterogeneous equivalence" of Japanese (wild) honeysuckle flower, and put forward methods for studying bioequivalence of Japanese(wild) honeysuckle flower, in order to solve the combination and separation of Japanese(wild) honeysuckle flower and lay a foundation for promoting the development of Chinese herbal medicine industry.
Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry , Lonicera/chemistry , Flowers/chemistry , Humans , Molecular Imprinting , Molecular Structure , PrescriptionsABSTRACT
More and more disputes have happened to confront us continuously since the separation of Japanese(wild) honeysuckle flower in Chinese Pharmacopoeia in 2005. The state pharmacopeia committee decided to separate Japanese(wild) honeysuckle flower into two species for japanese(wild) honeysuckle flower, but didn't define their the convincing reasons still did not provide to us as a result that two medicines are not described the differences in natural properties, efficiency and indication, usage and dosage, as well as not given a resolving methodand specific solution. It was known for us that in the history of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）, the phenomenenphenomena of the "one drug from multi-species" and "one species for multi-drug" are very ordinary thingswere ubiquitous. Whether separation of the drug species are separated shall be decided to by clinical efficiency. Through Chinese pharmacopoeia (2015 edition) issue of Chinese Pharmacopoeia the 2015 issue of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, we still cannot find a scientific solution for the dispute of for Japanese (wild) honeysuckle flower, perhaps because of insufficient reorganization of TCM clinical medication regularities, such as "treatment of different diseases with same drug", " treatment of the same disease with different drugs" and "treatment of the same syndrome with multi-prescriptions", and "one prescription treating multiple syndromes"; lack of in-depth analysis for multi-component TCM compounds and autonomisation of "supermolecular template" for organs and meridians; less attention to the advance of efficacy and safety evaluation technologies for multi-component TCM compounds; impacts from the medication mode of "one ingredient-one composition-one effect"; as well as insufficient research methods for bioequivalent evaluation in preclinic and clinic studies . The dispute for species combination or separation for Japanese(wild) honeysuckle flower was apparently caused by regional economy, drug biological equivalent of efficacy and safety, but arising from clinical principles for systematical syndrome treatment with TCM, or concepts in the treatment of diseases with TCM or western medicines. This paper focused on current studies on Japanese(wild) honeysuckle flower in the combination with TCM clinical medication regularities, such as "treatment of different diseases with same drug", "treatment of the same disease with different drugs" and "treatment of the same syndrome with multi-prescriptions", and "one prescription treating multiple syndromes", expounded the specific pharmacological regularity of "heterogeneous equivalence" of Japanese (wild) honeysuckle flower, and put forward methods for studying bioequivalence of Japanese(wild) honeysuckle flower, in order to solve the combination and separation of Japanese(wild) honeysuckle flower and lay a foundation for promoting the development of Chinese herbal medicine industry.
ABSTRACT
To understand the clinical characteristics and distribution of combined treatment of Chinese and western medicine in diabetes deaths, the hospitalization information of diabetes deaths from HIS system of 20 national 3A-grade general hospitals. Then the frequency statistics and association rules analysis were used to analyze the general information, complications, combined treatment, death time and other information of the patients died from diabetes. The results showed that most of the diabetes deaths were of middle aged and elderly people, more often in males than females. The complications with higher incidence included hypertension, pulmonary infection, coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction and renal inadequacy. In combined treatment rules, western medicines insulin, cefuroxime, furosemide, dopamine, nikethamide and sodium bicarbonate were used in combination at highest frequencies, followed by the combinations of traditional Chinese medicines panax notoginseng, radix bupleuri and western medicines, and the combinations between Chinese medicines had the lowest use frequency. Most of the diabetes deaths were of middle aged and elderly people, more often in males than females. They mainly died from 3 pm to 5 pm and from 5 pm to 7 pm. Therefore, the diabetes deaths often had complications of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and early prevention shall be noted in clinics; the clinical treatment plan was basically in accordance with the guidelines for clinical treatment of diabetes; the drugs with promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis and soothing liver-qi stagnation effects were the common Chinese medicines in treatment of diabetes.
