ABSTRACT
Plant-derived essential oils (EOs) are used in medicines, disinfectants, and aromatherapy products. Information on the antifungal activity of EO of Alpinia zerumbet var. exelsa (known as Daito-gettou) found in Kitadaito Island, Okinawa, is limited. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of EOs obtained via steam distillation of leaves of Daito-gettou, which is a hybrid of A. zerumbet and A. uraiensis. Daito-gettou EO showed antifungal activity (minimum inhibitory concentration = 0.4%) against Aspergillus brasiliensis NBRC 9455, which was comparable to that of A. zerumbet found in the Okinawa main island. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed that the main components of Daito-gettou EOs are γ-terpinene, terpinen-4-ol, 1,8-cineole, 3-carene, and p-cymene. Terpinen-4-ol content (MIC = 0.075%) was 17.24%, suggesting that the antifungal activity of Daito-gettou EO was mainly attributable to this component. Daito-gettou EO and terpinen-4-ol inhibited mycelial growth. Moreover, calorimetric observations of fungal growth in the presence of Daito-gettou EO showed a characteristic pattern with no change in the initial growth rate and only a delay in growth. As this pattern is similar to that of amphotericin B, it implies that the action mode of Daito-gettou EO and terpinen-4-ol may be fungicidal. Further studies on the molecular mechanisms of action are needed for validation.
ABSTRACT
Mammography is considered the gold standard for breast cancer screening and diagnostic imaging; however, there is an unmet clinical need for complementary methods to detect lesions not characterized by mammography. Far-infrared 'thermogram' breast imaging can map the skin temperature, and signal inversion with components analysis can be used to identify the mechanisms of thermal image generation of the vasculature using dynamic thermal data. This work focuses on using dynamic infrared breast imaging to identify the thermal response of the stationary vascular system and the physiologic vascular response to a temperature stimulus affected by vasomodulation. The recorded data are analyzed by converting the diffusive heat propagation into a virtual wave and identifying the reflection using component analysis. Clear images of passive thermal reflection and thermal response to vasomodulation were obtained. In our limited data, the magnitude of vasoconstriction appears to depend on the presence of cancer. The authors propose future studies with supporting diagnostic and clinical data that may provide validation of the proposed paradigm.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Thermography , Humans , Female , Thermography/methods , Breast/diagnostic imaging , Breast/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Mammography , TemperatureABSTRACT
Objetivou-se estudar o efeito do ômega 3 e da vitamina B12 no espermograma, na histomorfometria dos órgãos reprodutivos e na temperaturas do corpo com termografia infravermelha em ratos Wistar. Utilizaram-se 16 ratos, em quatro grupos (n=4), que receberam injeções diárias por 30 dias, sendo: grupo controle - solução salina; grupo ômega 3 - óleo de peixe 1g/kg; grupo B12 - vitamina B12 3µg; e grupo ômega 3 + B12 - óleo de peixe 1g/kg e vitamina B12 3µg. Imagens termográficas de áreas do corpo foram obtidas. No 30º dia, os ratos foram sacrificados e realizaram-se as análises de morfologia espermática e histomorfometria. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de Tukey a 5%. A temperatura da superfície do escroto foi superior no grupo B12 (P<0,05). Não houve diferenças entre grupos (P>0,05) para temperaturas do globo ocular. Houve correlação entre temperatura da superfície do escroto e porcentagem de gota citoplasmática distal (P=0,678). A elevação da temperatura do escroto resulta no aumento da porcentagem de gotas citoplasmáticas distais. A temperatura do globo ocular não sofre influência significativa do ômega 3 e da vitamina B12. O ômega 3 reduz o epitélio seminífero, e a vitamina B12 minimiza esse efeito.(AU)
The objective of this study was to study the effect of Omega 3 and vitamin B12 on spermogram, histomorphometry of reproductive organs and body temperature with infrared thermography in Wistar rats. Sixteen rats were used in four groups (n= 4) who received daily injections for 30 days. Control Group - saline solution; Group Omega 3 - fish oil 1g/kg; Group B12 - vitamin B12 3μg and Group Omega 3 + B12 - fish oil 1g/kg and vitamin B12 3μg. Thermographic images of body were obtained. On the 30th day the rats were sacrificed and analyzes of sperm morphology and histomorphometry were performed. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5%. The surface temperature of the scrotum was higher in group B12 (P< 0.05). There were no differences between groups (P> 0.05) for eyeball temperatures. There was a correlation between scrotal temperature and distal cytoplasmic droplet (P= 0.678). Elevation of scrotum temperature results in an increase in the percentage of distal cytoplasmic droplets. The temperature of the eyeball is not significantly influenced by Omega 3 and vitamin B12. Omega 3 reduces the seminiferous epithelium and vitamin B12 minimizes this effect.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Vitamin B 12/adverse effects , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/adverse effects , Rats, Wistar/metabolism , Sperm Count/veterinary , Thermography/veterinaryABSTRACT
Objetivou-se estudar o efeito do ômega 3 e da vitamina B12 no espermograma, na histomorfometria dos órgãos reprodutivos e na temperaturas do corpo com termografia infravermelha em ratos Wistar. Utilizaram-se 16 ratos, em quatro grupos (n=4), que receberam injeções diárias por 30 dias, sendo: grupo controle - solução salina; grupo ômega 3 - óleo de peixe 1g/kg; grupo B12 - vitamina B12 3µg; e grupo ômega 3 + B12 - óleo de peixe 1g/kg e vitamina B12 3µg. Imagens termográficas de áreas do corpo foram obtidas. No 30º dia, os ratos foram sacrificados e realizaram-se as análises de morfologia espermática e histomorfometria. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de Tukey a 5%. A temperatura da superfície do escroto foi superior no grupo B12 (P<0,05). Não houve diferenças entre grupos (P>0,05) para temperaturas do globo ocular. Houve correlação entre temperatura da superfície do escroto e porcentagem de gota citoplasmática distal (P=0,678). A elevação da temperatura do escroto resulta no aumento da porcentagem de gotas citoplasmáticas distais. A temperatura do globo ocular não sofre influência significativa do ômega 3 e da vitamina B12. O ômega 3 reduz o epitélio seminífero, e a vitamina B12 minimiza esse efeito.(AU)
The objective of this study was to study the effect of Omega 3 and vitamin B12 on spermogram, histomorphometry of reproductive organs and body temperature with infrared thermography in Wistar rats. Sixteen rats were used in four groups (n= 4) who received daily injections for 30 days. Control Group - saline solution; Group Omega 3 - fish oil 1g/kg; Group B12 - vitamin B12 3μg and Group Omega 3 + B12 - fish oil 1g/kg and vitamin B12 3μg. Thermographic images of body were obtained. On the 30th day the rats were sacrificed and analyzes of sperm morphology and histomorphometry were performed. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5%. The surface temperature of the scrotum was higher in group B12 (P< 0.05). There were no differences between groups (P> 0.05) for eyeball temperatures. There was a correlation between scrotal temperature and distal cytoplasmic droplet (P= 0.678). Elevation of scrotum temperature results in an increase in the percentage of distal cytoplasmic droplets. The temperature of the eyeball is not significantly influenced by Omega 3 and vitamin B12. Omega 3 reduces the seminiferous epithelium and vitamin B12 minimizes this effect.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Vitamin B 12/adverse effects , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/adverse effects , Rats, Wistar/metabolism , Sperm Count/veterinary , Thermography/veterinaryABSTRACT
Background: One of the complications of the diabetes mellitus is the amputation of the lower limbs. This complication may be developed after an insidious ulcer, that may be raised by the peripheral neuropathy or the ischaemic limb, and that the ulcer get infected. That is, to develop an ulcer, in the diabetic patient, three factors should be taken into the account, the autonomic nervous system, the blood supply and the inmune system. Methods: In this work, the thermogram is used to identify regions on the plantar skin with blood supply deficiencies and the behaviour of the thermoregulation process. Within the thermogram of the plantar skin, it can be identify local regions with low and high temperatures that corresponds to ischemic or inflammatory process on that part of the skin. Results: The findings within the 186 thermograms of diabetic patients, obtained from three hospitals and from INAOE facilities, showed, first, the thermograms of the plantar skin of two diabetic patients, acquired in two different times show that the temperature distribution and the average temperatures, vary slightly for a period of weeks. Second, the thermograms of two patients, who both developed insidious ulcers which evolved favourable, demonstrated the importance of the immune system and the drug therapy. These patients are, one who has a Charcot foot, and in the second one, the patient had loss the sensibility of the feet. Finally, the thermograms of two patients, showing abrupt temperature change within small regions in the plantar skin, are discussed. Conclusion: A diabetic patient, with an asymmetric thermogram, as physiological interpretation of the thermoregulation, may indicate a decrease of the blood supply, which may be corroborated by vascular ultrasound. The regions of abrupt temperature change, cold or hot spots, may correspond to ischaemic or inflammatory processes.
ABSTRACT
A termografia digital de infravermelho é um exame de imagem com alta acurácia e não invasivo que detecta a radiação infravermelha emitida pela superfície de um objeto ou ser vivo, formando a imagem termográfica ou termograma. Imagens infravermelhas são utilizadas como exame complementar no diagnóstico precoce da mastite subclínica e clínica, avaliação clínica das fases da gestação e para detectar aumento da temperatura corporal relacionada à progesterona; que possui ação termogênica, elevando a temperatura corporal em vacas prenhes. Dados termográficos foram confrontados, comprovando a eficácia e fidedignidade da utilização de câmeras infravermelhas. A presente revisão aborda alguns aspectos do uso da termografia infravermelha para mensurar temperaturas da superfície do corpo em vacas de leite. Diferentes áreas do corpo examinadas por imagens termográficas apresentaram alterações de temperaturas, mostrando variações fisiológicas que podem auxiliar na avaliação clínica das áreas examinadas.(AU)
Digital infrared thermography is a highly accurate and non-invasive imaging scan that detects infrared radiation emitted by the surface of an object or living being, forming the thermographic image or thermogram. Infrared images are used as complementary examination in the early diagnosis of subclinical and clinical mastitis, clinical evaluation of the phases of gestation and to detect progesterone-related body temperature increase; which has thermogenic action, raising body temperature in pregnant cows. Thermal data were confronted, proving the efficacy and reliability of theuse of infrared cameras. The present review addresses some aspects of the use of infrared thermography to measure body surface temperatures in milk cows. Different areas of the body examined by thermographic images showed changes in temperature, showing physiological variations that may aid in the clinical evaluation of the areas examined.(AU)
La termografía digital de infrarrojos es un examen de imagen con alta exactitud y no invasivo que detecta la radiación infrarroja emitida por la superficie de un objeto o ser vivo, formando la imagen termográfica o termograma. Las imágenes infrarrojas se utilizan como examen complementario en el diagnóstico precoz de la mastitis subclínica y clínica, evaluación clínica de las fases de la gestación y para detectar aumento de la temperatura corporal relacionada con la progesterona; que tiene acción termogénica, elevando la temperatura corporal en vacas preñadas. Los datos termográficos se enfrenta, comprobando la eficacia y la confianza de la utilización de cámaras infrarrojas. La presente revisión aborda algunos aspectos del uso de la termografía infrarroja para medir temperaturas de la superficie del cuerpo en vacas de leche. Diferentes áreas del cuerpo examinadas por imágenes termográficas presentaron cambios de temperatura, mostrando variaciones fisiológicas que pueden auxiliar en la evaluación clínica de las áreas examinadas.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Thermography/veterinary , Infrared Rays , Body Temperature , Seasons , ProgesteroneABSTRACT
A termografia digital de infravermelho é um exame de imagem com alta acurácia e não invasivo que detecta a radiação infravermelha emitida pela superfície de um objeto ou ser vivo, formando a imagem termográfica ou termograma. Imagens infravermelhas são utilizadas como exame complementar no diagnóstico precoce da mastite subclínica e clínica, avaliação clínica das fases da gestação e para detectar aumento da temperatura corporal relacionada à progesterona; que possui ação termogênica, elevando a temperatura corporal em vacas prenhes. Dados termográficos foram confrontados, comprovando a eficácia e fidedignidade da utilização de câmeras infravermelhas. A presente revisão aborda alguns aspectos do uso da termografia infravermelha para mensurar temperaturas da superfície do corpo em vacas de leite. Diferentes áreas do corpo examinadas por imagens termográficas apresentaram alterações de temperaturas, mostrando variações fisiológicas que podem auxiliar na avaliação clínica das áreas examinadas.
Digital infrared thermography is a highly accurate and non-invasive imaging scan that detects infrared radiation emitted by the surface of an object or living being, forming the thermographic image or thermogram. Infrared images are used as complementary examination in the early diagnosis of subclinical and clinical mastitis, clinical evaluation of the phases of gestation and to detect progesterone-related body temperature increase; which has thermogenic action, raising body temperature in pregnant cows. Thermal data were confronted, proving the efficacy and reliability of theuse of infrared cameras. The present review addresses some aspects of the use of infrared thermography to measure body surface temperatures in milk cows. Different areas of the body examined by thermographic images showed changes in temperature, showing physiological variations that may aid in the clinical evaluation of the areas examined.
La termografía digital de infrarrojos es un examen de imagen con alta exactitud y no invasivo que detecta la radiación infrarroja emitida por la superficie de un objeto o ser vivo, formando la imagen termográfica o termograma. Las imágenes infrarrojas se utilizan como examen complementario en el diagnóstico precoz de la mastitis subclínica y clínica, evaluación clínica de las fases de la gestación y para detectar aumento de la temperatura corporal relacionada con la progesterona; que tiene acción termogénica, elevando la temperatura corporal en vacas preñadas. Los datos termográficos se enfrenta, comprobando la eficacia y la confianza de la utilización de cámaras infrarrojas. La presente revisión aborda algunos aspectos del uso de la termografía infrarroja para medir temperaturas de la superficie del cuerpo en vacas de leche. Diferentes áreas del cuerpo examinadas por imágenes termográficas presentaron cambios de temperatura, mostrando variaciones fisiológicas que pueden auxiliar en la evaluación clínica de las áreas examinadas.
Subject(s)
Female , Animals , Cattle , Seasons , Infrared Rays , Body Temperature , Thermography/veterinary , ProgesteroneABSTRACT
Background: Thermoregulation is a complex autonomic process to keep or to dissipate heat in the human body. Methods: In this work, by means of the thermogram of the plantar skin, the thermoregulation of healthy individuals, overweight-obese, and diabetic is discussed. Results: The thermograms of the plantar skin, for the healthy individuals, are: (1) symmetrical, the temperature distribution of the right foot being a mirror image of that of the left foot ; (2) the thermograms of women, on average, are 3°C colder than those of the men; and (3) the temperature distributions decrease distally from the medial longitudinal arch. The plantar skin thermograms of overweight-obese individuals show: (1) increased average temperature of both feet and for both genders; (2) no symmetry between the left and right feet thermograms; and (3) the temperature distribution is still decreasing from the medial longitudinal arch to the periphery of the foot. However, the standard deviation, for each averaged temperature of the angiosomes, shows greater uncertainty. Most thermograms of diabetic individuals show temperature increase on the plantar skin, and are mostly symmetric between left and right feet. Conclusions: An asymmetric thermogram of the plantar skin of diabetic individuals, where one foot is hotter than the other, may mean that the coldest foot is losing the capacity to communicate properly with the central nervous system and/or that vasoconstriction/vasodilatation is having problems in regulating the passing of blood through the vessels. Thus, the asymmetric thermograms of diabetic patients, and particularly those coldest regions of foot are of interest, because of the reduction of the local autonomic sensing and the lack of achieving properly the passing of the blood.
ABSTRACT
A espécie bubalina está concentrada na área intertropical do globo terrestre, gerando lucro com alta taxade crescimento. Os fatores climáticos causam estresse térmico nos búfalos com influência na atividade dereprodução de fêmeas e machos. A reprodução de precisão agrega procedimentos com uso de imagem como atermografia digital de infravermelho que auxilia no monitoramento do estresse térmico em búfalos. Nas fêmeasem lactação a saúde da glândula mamária pode ser avaliada com a temperatura de tetos e cisternas da glândula;em machos o termograma do escroto auxilia na triagem de reprodutores como exame complementar à avaliaçãoandrológica. Vale destacar que os exames de imagem como a termografia devem ser complementares ao exameclínico para a correta interpretação e uso contributivo. A exemplo da termografia, exames de imagem nãoinvasivos, com acurácia, sem efeitos adversos ao animal; e de prática e rápida realização são estudados e serãocada vez mais desenvolvidos e aplicados nos diferentes tipos de manejo em animais para monitorar a saúde, obem-estar e a atividade de reprodução.(AU)
The buffalo species is concentrated in the intertropical area, generating profit with high growth rate.Climatic factors cause thermal stress in buffaloes that influence the reproduction activity of females and males.Precision reproduction aggregates imaging procedures such as digital infrared thermography that assists inmonitoring thermal stress in buffaloes. In lactating females the health of the mammary gland can be evaluatedwith the temperature of the teats and mammary gland. In males the scrotal thermogram assists in the screeningof breeding herds as a complementary examination to the andrological evaluation. It is worth noting thatimaging tests should be complementary to the clinical examination for its correct interpretation and use in acontributory manner. Noninvasive imaging tests, with accuracy, without adverse effects to the animal; and easyand quick to perform are studied and will be increasingly developed and applied in different types of animalmanagement to monitor health, well-being and reproduction activity.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Buffaloes/anatomy & histology , Buffaloes/embryology , Thermography , Thermography/veterinary , Reproduction , Infrared Rays , Heat Stress Disorders/veterinaryABSTRACT
A espécie bubalina está concentrada na área intertropical do globo terrestre, gerando lucro com alta taxade crescimento. Os fatores climáticos causam estresse térmico nos búfalos com influência na atividade dereprodução de fêmeas e machos. A reprodução de precisão agrega procedimentos com uso de imagem como atermografia digital de infravermelho que auxilia no monitoramento do estresse térmico em búfalos. Nas fêmeasem lactação a saúde da glândula mamária pode ser avaliada com a temperatura de tetos e cisternas da glândula;em machos o termograma do escroto auxilia na triagem de reprodutores como exame complementar à avaliaçãoandrológica. Vale destacar que os exames de imagem como a termografia devem ser complementares ao exameclínico para a correta interpretação e uso contributivo. A exemplo da termografia, exames de imagem nãoinvasivos, com acurácia, sem efeitos adversos ao animal; e de prática e rápida realização são estudados e serãocada vez mais desenvolvidos e aplicados nos diferentes tipos de manejo em animais para monitorar a saúde, obem-estar e a atividade de reprodução.
The buffalo species is concentrated in the intertropical area, generating profit with high growth rate.Climatic factors cause thermal stress in buffaloes that influence the reproduction activity of females and males.Precision reproduction aggregates imaging procedures such as digital infrared thermography that assists inmonitoring thermal stress in buffaloes. In lactating females the health of the mammary gland can be evaluatedwith the temperature of the teats and mammary gland. In males the scrotal thermogram assists in the screeningof breeding herds as a complementary examination to the andrological evaluation. It is worth noting thatimaging tests should be complementary to the clinical examination for its correct interpretation and use in acontributory manner. Noninvasive imaging tests, with accuracy, without adverse effects to the animal; and easyand quick to perform are studied and will be increasingly developed and applied in different types of animalmanagement to monitor health, well-being and reproduction activity.
Subject(s)
Animals , Buffaloes/anatomy & histology , Buffaloes/embryology , Reproduction , Thermography , Thermography/veterinary , Infrared Rays , Heat Stress Disorders/veterinaryABSTRACT
A termografia digital por infravermelho, um método indireto de avaliar estresse térmico, é um examepor imagem não-invasivo, sem contato com a superfície corpórea, indolor, não emite radiação ionizante epossibilita a digitalização da imagem em tempo real, de um animal individualmente ou de um grupo de animais,simultaneamente. A imagem gerada pela termografia digital por infravermelho possibilita a visualização datemperatura da superfície corporal, identificando aumento ou diminuição da temperatura em pontos ou áreas,auxiliando no diagnóstico da origem da variação de temperatura. A aplicação na Medicina Veterinária podecompreender o monitoramento diário de espécies domésticas, como por exemplo, as: bovina e equina, e deanimais silvestres. Na reprodução animal, a termografia por infravermelho possibilita identificar padrões detemperatura escrotal, que podem ser correlacionadas com reprodutores aptos ou inaptos para a reprodução;auxilia no diagnóstico precoce de mastite subclínica em vacas leiteiras; auxilia na detecção de estro em váriasespécies e, na avaliação do bem-estar animal.(AU)
The infrared thermography is a non-invasive image exam, without contact with the body surface,therefore, painless, does not emit radiation, and allows scanning of the image in real time, an individual animalor group of animals simultaneously. The image obtained from digital infrared thermography enablesmeasurement of the temperature of the body surface, identifying increase or decrease of the temperature inpoints or areas, helping in the diagnosis of the origin of this variation may be physiological or pathological. Theapplications in veterinary medicine range from daily monitoring to diagnose and can be used in various speciessuch as bovine, equine, ovine, pigs, wild animals, among others. The infrared thermography has been used toidentify scrotal temperature patterns, and these correlated with fit and unfit bulls for reproduction, in the earlydiagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows, estrus detection in female of the various species, and the animalwelfare, helping for the identification of stress.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Animal Welfare/trends , Animals, Domestic/growth & development , Thermography , Thermography/veterinary , Reproduction , Heat Stress Disorders/veterinaryABSTRACT
A termografia digital por infravermelho, um método indireto de avaliar estresse térmico, é um examepor imagem não-invasivo, sem contato com a superfície corpórea, indolor, não emite radiação ionizante epossibilita a digitalização da imagem em tempo real, de um animal individualmente ou de um grupo de animais,simultaneamente. A imagem gerada pela termografia digital por infravermelho possibilita a visualização datemperatura da superfície corporal, identificando aumento ou diminuição da temperatura em pontos ou áreas,auxiliando no diagnóstico da origem da variação de temperatura. A aplicação na Medicina Veterinária podecompreender o monitoramento diário de espécies domésticas, como por exemplo, as: bovina e equina, e deanimais silvestres. Na reprodução animal, a termografia por infravermelho possibilita identificar padrões detemperatura escrotal, que podem ser correlacionadas com reprodutores aptos ou inaptos para a reprodução;auxilia no diagnóstico precoce de mastite subclínica em vacas leiteiras; auxilia na detecção de estro em váriasespécies e, na avaliação do bem-estar animal.
The infrared thermography is a non-invasive image exam, without contact with the body surface,therefore, painless, does not emit radiation, and allows scanning of the image in real time, an individual animalor group of animals simultaneously. The image obtained from digital infrared thermography enablesmeasurement of the temperature of the body surface, identifying increase or decrease of the temperature inpoints or areas, helping in the diagnosis of the origin of this variation may be physiological or pathological. Theapplications in veterinary medicine range from daily monitoring to diagnose and can be used in various speciessuch as bovine, equine, ovine, pigs, wild animals, among others. The infrared thermography has been used toidentify scrotal temperature patterns, and these correlated with fit and unfit bulls for reproduction, in the earlydiagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows, estrus detection in female of the various species, and the animalwelfare, helping for the identification of stress.
Subject(s)
Animals , Animals, Domestic/growth & development , Animal Welfare/trends , Reproduction , Thermography , Thermography/veterinary , Heat Stress Disorders/veterinaryABSTRACT
The objective was to study the relationship of climatic conditions with the temperature of the scrotum surface and sperm quality through digital infrared thermography in Nellore bulls, raised extensively. In six bulls held with scrotal thermography Flir E40® cameras, blood samples for serum testosterone and semen collection were taken by electroejaculation every 10 days, with six replications. Climatic factors: ambient temperature, relative humidity, dry globe temperature and temperature of the wet globe were recorded using a globe thermometer (InstruTemp®, ITWTG-2000). Thermal images of the scrotum were analyzed with the Flir Tools® software for the temperatures of scrotal surface, the right and left sides of the scrotum lap thirds: dorsal, middle and ventral testicles; and tails of the epididymis. The semen data and thermograms were submitted to ANOVA and Tukeys test at 5%. Pearson correlation was used for the surface temperatures of the scrotum, rectal temperature, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of semen and climatic factors. There was a positive correlation (P<0.05) for sperm motility x scrotal temperatures; sperm concentration x scrotal temperatures; climatic factors x rectal temperature. There was a negative correlation (P<0.05) between ambient temperature x sperm concentration. It was concluded that the temperature of the scrotum surface and climatic factors, temperature and humidity, influence the quality of semen. Thermography is recommended as a supplementary examination forreproductive evaluation of bulls.(AU)
Objetivou-se estudar a relação dos fatores climáticos com a temperatura da superfície do escroto e qualidade seminal por meio da termografia digital de infravermelho em touros Nelore, criados extensivamente. Em seis touros realizaram-se termografia escrotal com câmera Flir E40®, colheita de sangue para a testosterona sérica e colheita de sêmen por eletroejaculação a cada 10 dias, com seis repetições. Os fatores climáticos: temperatura ambiente, umidade relativa do ar, temperatura do globo seco e temperatura do globo úmido foram registrados com globotermômetro (InstruTemp®,ITWTG-2000). Os termogramas do escroto foram analisados com o software Flir Tools® para as temperaturas da superfície escrotal, dos lados direito e esquerdo, colo do escroto, terços: dorsal, médio e ventral dos testículos; e caudas dos epidídimos. Os dados do sêmen e dos termogramas foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste de Tukey a 5%. Correlação de Pearson foi empregada para as temperaturas da superfície do escroto, temperatura retal, características quantitativas e qualitativas do sêmen e fatores climáticos. Houve correlação positiva (P<0,05) para motilidade espermática x temperaturas do escroto; concentração espermática x temperaturas do escroto; fatores climáticos x temperatura retal. Houve correlação negativa (P<0,05) entre temperatura ambiente x concentração espermática. Concluiu-se que as temperaturas da superfície do escroto e os fatores climáticos, temperatura e umidade do ar, influenciaram na qualidade do sêmen. A termografia é recomendada como exame complementar na avaliação reprodutiva de touros.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Cattle , Reproduction , Scrotum , Semen , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Testosterone/analysis , Climate Change , Climate Effects , Heat-Shock ResponseABSTRACT
Background: The digital infrared imaging thermography is a non-invasive imaging exam of easy performance accurately to measure temperatures of the areas of the animals body. The objective was to study the physiological variations of the surface temperature of the mammary gland, vulva, pelvis, thorax and abdomen with digital infrared imaging thermography in negative dairy cattle with California mastitis test (CMT) in different seasons, and the influence of climatic factors in these temperatures. Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen Holstein cows, pregnant and non pregnant were used, negative for the California Mastitis Test, grazing on Urochloa decumbens pasture, receiving 2 kg of corn / animal / day, mineral mix and ad libitum water. Infrared thermography was performed every 30 days, for five months: January, February, March, April and May with thermographic camera (E40®, FLIR, Sweden) in the areas of the body: vulva, mammary gland, pelvis, abdomen and thorax. The thermal images (thermograms) were processed using the Flir Tools 2.1® program. The climatic factors: room temperature and relative humidity were monitored with globe thermometer (ITitwtg 2000®, Instrutemp, Brazil). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and the average compared by Tukey test, with level of significance was set at (P 0.05). For room temperature data, relative humidity, rectal temperature [...]
Subject(s)
Female , Animals , Cattle , Physiological Phenomena , Climate Change , Body Temperature , Thermography , Thermography/veterinary , Abdomen , Mammary Glands, Animal , Pelvis , ThoraxABSTRACT
The objective was to study the relationship of climatic conditions with the temperature of the scrotum surface and sperm quality through digital infrared thermography in Nellore bulls, raised extensively. In six bulls held with scrotal thermography Flir E40® cameras, blood samples for serum testosterone and semen collection were taken by electroejaculation every 10 days, with six replications. Climatic factors: ambient temperature, relative humidity, dry globe temperature and temperature of the wet globe were recorded using a globe thermometer (InstruTemp®, ITWTG-2000). Thermal images of the scrotum were analyzed with the Flir Tools® software for the temperatures of scrotal surface, the right and left sides of the scrotum lap thirds: dorsal, middle and ventral testicles; and tails of the epididymis. The semen data and thermograms were submitted to ANOVA and Tukeys test at 5%. Pearson correlation was used for the surface temperatures of the scrotum, rectal temperature, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of semen and climatic factors. There was a positive correlation (P<0.05) for sperm motility x scrotal temperatures; sperm concentration x scrotal temperatures; climatic factors x rectal temperature. There was a negative correlation (P<0.05) between ambient temperature x sperm concentration. It was concluded that the temperature of the scrotum surface and climatic factors, temperature and humidity, influence the quality of semen. Thermography is recommended as a supplementary examination forreproductive evaluation of bulls.
Objetivou-se estudar a relação dos fatores climáticos com a temperatura da superfície do escroto e qualidade seminal por meio da termografia digital de infravermelho em touros Nelore, criados extensivamente. Em seis touros realizaram-se termografia escrotal com câmera Flir E40®, colheita de sangue para a testosterona sérica e colheita de sêmen por eletroejaculação a cada 10 dias, com seis repetições. Os fatores climáticos: temperatura ambiente, umidade relativa do ar, temperatura do globo seco e temperatura do globo úmido foram registrados com globotermômetro (InstruTemp®,ITWTG-2000). Os termogramas do escroto foram analisados com o software Flir Tools® para as temperaturas da superfície escrotal, dos lados direito e esquerdo, colo do escroto, terços: dorsal, médio e ventral dos testículos; e caudas dos epidídimos. Os dados do sêmen e dos termogramas foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste de Tukey a 5%. Correlação de Pearson foi empregada para as temperaturas da superfície do escroto, temperatura retal, características quantitativas e qualitativas do sêmen e fatores climáticos. Houve correlação positiva (P<0,05) para motilidade espermática x temperaturas do escroto; concentração espermática x temperaturas do escroto; fatores climáticos x temperatura retal. Houve correlação negativa (P<0,05) entre temperatura ambiente x concentração espermática. Concluiu-se que as temperaturas da superfície do escroto e os fatores climáticos, temperatura e umidade do ar, influenciaram na qualidade do sêmen. A termografia é recomendada como exame complementar na avaliação reprodutiva de touros.
Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Cattle , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Climate Effects , Scrotum , Climate Change , Reproduction , Heat-Shock Response , Semen , Testosterone/analysisABSTRACT
Background: The digital infrared imaging thermography is a non-invasive imaging exam of easy performance accurately to measure temperatures of the areas of the animals body. The objective was to study the physiological variations of the surface temperature of the mammary gland, vulva, pelvis, thorax and abdomen with digital infrared imaging thermography in negative dairy cattle with California mastitis test (CMT) in different seasons, and the influence of climatic factors in these temperatures. Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen Holstein cows, pregnant and non pregnant were used, negative for the California Mastitis Test, grazing on Urochloa decumbens pasture, receiving 2 kg of corn / animal / day, mineral mix and ad libitum water. Infrared thermography was performed every 30 days, for five months: January, February, March, April and May with thermographic camera (E40®, FLIR, Sweden) in the areas of the body: vulva, mammary gland, pelvis, abdomen and thorax. The thermal images (thermograms) were processed using the Flir Tools 2.1® program. The climatic factors: room temperature and relative humidity were monitored with globe thermometer (ITitwtg 2000®, Instrutemp, Brazil). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and the average compared by Tukey test, with level of significance was set at (P 0.05). For room temperature data, relative humidity, rectal temperature [...](AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Thermography , Thermography/veterinary , Body Temperature , Physiological Phenomena , Climate Change , Mammary Glands, Animal , Pelvis , Thorax , AbdomenABSTRACT
Immersion enthalpies were determined for aqueous solutions of phenol, acetaminophen and water on three different carbons that differed in terms of oxygen groups on the surface. The intensity of the energy interaction between these compounds and the activated carbons was determined. The activated carbons had similar values for surface area and micropore volume, i.e. approximately 850 m².g-1 and 0.35 cm³.g-1, respectively, but differed in the content of surface chemical groups that interacted with the solutes in aqueous solution. The values obtained for the enthalpies of immersion of activated carbon in water were between -32 and -66 J.g-1. The enthalpies of immersion of activated carbon for acetaminophen and phenol solutions with concentrations between 100 mg.L-1 and 10 mg.L-1 were between -18 and -157 J.g-1, indicating greater interaction between the two solutes and activated carbons with a high surface content of reduced chemical groups.
Se determinan las entalpías de inmersión en soluciones acuosas de fenol y acetaminofén y en agua de tres carbones activados que difieren en el contenido de grupos oxigenados superficiales con el propósito de conocer la intensidad de las interacciones energéticas entre los compuestos y los carbones activados. Los carbones activados presentan valores de área superficial y volúmenes de microporo similares, alrededor de 850 m².g-1 y 0,35 cm³.g-1, respectivamente, y difieren en el contenido de grupos químicos superficiales que son los que interactúan con los solutos que se encuentran en solución acuosa. Los valores obtenidos para las entalpías de inmersión de los carbones activados en agua están entre -32 y -66 J.g-1. Las entalpías de inmersión de los carbones activados en las soluciones de 100 mg.L-1 y 10 mg.mL-1 de fenol y acetaminofén se encuentran entre -18 y -157 J.g-1, que indican una mayor interacción para los dos solutos con el carbón activado que tiene mayor contenido de grupos básicos superficiales.
ABSTRACT
Objetivou-se estudar a relação da temperatura do escroto sobre a qualidade seminal pelo uso da termografia por infravermelho em touros Nelore criados extensivamente. Realizaram-se termografia escrotal e colheita de sêmen. Os dados climáticos foram coletados por meio de globo termômetro. Os termogramas do escroto foram obtidos por meio de termografia digital de infravermelho. Efetuaram-se colheitas de sêmen, por meio de eletroejaculação para analise das características quantitativas e qualitativas. Para os dados, utilizou-se análise de variância e posteriormente aplicou-se o teste de Tukey a 5%. (p<0,05) entre animais para vigor espermático, motilidade espermática entre animais e entre colheitas, concentração espermática, espermatozoides totais e espermatozoides viáveis totais entre grupos, entre colheitas para as temperaturas do escroto e para os dados climáticos. Concluiu-se que as temperaturas da superfície do escroto e os fatores climáticos influenciaram na qualidade do sêmen. A termografia é recomendada como exame complementar na avaliação reprodutiva de touros.(AU)
Aimed to study the relationship between scrotal temperature on semen quality by use of infrared thermography in Nelore bulls bred extensively. There were scrotal thermography and semen collection. Climatic data were collected by means of globe thermometer. The thermograms of the scrotum were obtained by digital infrared thermography. We carried out ejaculates through electroejaculation for analysis of quantitative and qualitative characteristics. For the data, we used analysis of variance and subsequently applied the Tukey test at 5%. (p< 0.05) between animals for sperm vigor, sperm motility between animals and between crops, sperm concentration, total sperm and total viable sperm between groups, between harvests for the scrotum temperatures and climate data. It was concluded that the surface temperatures of the scrotum and climatic factors influence the quality of semen. Thermography is recommended as a complementary test in the evaluation of reproductive bulls.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Cattle , Scrotum/diagnostic imaging , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Climate Effects , Thermography/veterinaryABSTRACT
Objetivou-se estudar a relação da temperatura do escroto sobre a qualidade seminal pelo uso da termografia por infravermelho em touros Nelore criados extensivamente. Realizaram-se termografia escrotal e colheita de sêmen. Os dados climáticos foram coletados por meio de globo termômetro. Os termogramas do escroto foram obtidos por meio de termografia digital de infravermelho. Efetuaram-se colheitas de sêmen, por meio de eletroejaculação para analise das características quantitativas e qualitativas. Para os dados, utilizou-se análise de variância e posteriormente aplicou-se o teste de Tukey a 5%. (p<0,05) entre animais para vigor espermático, motilidade espermática entre animais e entre colheitas, concentração espermática, espermatozoides totais e espermatozoides viáveis totais entre grupos, entre colheitas para as temperaturas do escroto e para os dados climáticos. Concluiu-se que as temperaturas da superfície do escroto e os fatores climáticos influenciaram na qualidade do sêmen. A termografia é recomendada como exame complementar na avaliação reprodutiva de touros.
Aimed to study the relationship between scrotal temperature on semen quality by use of infrared thermography in Nelore bulls bred extensively. There were scrotal thermography and semen collection. Climatic data were collected by means of globe thermometer. The thermograms of the scrotum were obtained by digital infrared thermography. We carried out ejaculates through electroejaculation for analysis of quantitative and qualitative characteristics. For the data, we used analysis of variance and subsequently applied the Tukey test at 5%. (p< 0.05) between animals for sperm vigor, sperm motility between animals and between crops, sperm concentration, total sperm and total viable sperm between groups, between harvests for the scrotum temperatures and climate data. It was concluded that the surface temperatures of the scrotum and climatic factors influence the quality of semen. Thermography is recommended as a complementary test in the evaluation of reproductive bulls.