ABSTRACT
Radiation-induced skin damage (RID) is the most prevalent, significant side effect of radiotherapy (RT). Nearly 95% of patients experience moderate to severe skin reactions after receiving radiation therapy. However, criteria for acute radiation dermatitis (ARD) treatment remain unavailable. Topical agents with anti-inflammatory properties may protect the skin and facilitate tissue regeneration in patients with RID. Many of these topical agents function through nuclear factor kappa B pathway regulation. They either reduce the levels of inflammatory factors or elicit anti-inflammatory properties of their own, thus preventing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and thus enabling RID prevention and management. Herein, we explore the 25 topical agents investigated for RID prevention and management thus far and evaluate their mechanisms of action. These agents include 11 natural agents, 3 miscellaneous agents, 9 topical nonsteroidal agents, and 2 topical corticosteroids.
Subject(s)
Radiodermatitis , Humans , Radiodermatitis/etiology , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Administration, Topical , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic useABSTRACT
A dermatite atópica (DA) é uma doença cutânea inflamatória, crônica, comum, complexa e de etiologia multifatorial, que se manifesta clinicamente com prurido muitas vezes incapacitante, lesões recorrentes do tipo eczema, xerose e que pode evoluir para liquenificação. Embora o conhecimento sobre a sua fisiopatologia venham crescendo nos últimos anos, ainda as formas graves são frequentes e representam um desafio para o clínico. Para o presente guia realizou-se revisão não sistemática da literatura relacionada à DA grave refratária aos tratamentos habituais com o objetivo de elaborar um documento prático e que auxilie na compreensão dos mecanismos envolvidos na DA, assim como dos possíveis fatores de risco associados à sua apresentação. A integridade da barreira cutânea é um dos pontos fundamentais para a manutenção da homeostase da pele. Além dos cuidados gerais: evitação dos agentes desencadeantes e/ou irritantes, o uso de hidratantes, suporte emocional, entre outros, o uso de agentes anti-inflamatórios/imunossupressores de uso tópico e/ou sistêmico também foi revisado. A aquisição de novos agentes, os imunobiológicos e as pequenas moléculas, melhorou a terapêutica para os pacientes com formas graves de DA, sobretudo as refratárias aos tratamentos convencionais.
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, common, and complex inflammatory skin disease with a multifactorial etiology. It manifests clinically with often disabling pruritus, recurrent eczema-like lesions, and xerosis, and can progress to lichenification. Although understanding of the disease's pathophysiology has been growing in recent years, severe forms are still frequent and represent a challenge for clinicians. A non-systematic review of the literature on severe atopic dermatitis refractory to conventional treatment was conducted to develop the present guide, whose purpose is to help clarify the mechanisms involved in the disease and possible risk factors. The integrity of the skin barrier is fundamental for maintaining skin homeostasis. In addition to general care, patients should avoid triggering and/or irritating agents and moisturizers and seek emotional support, etc.; the use of topical and/or systemic anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive agents was also reviewed. New agents, immunobiologicals, and small molecules have led to a broader range of therapies for patients with severe forms of the disease, especially cases refractory to conventional treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Societies, Medical , Immunoglobulin E , Cyclosporine , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Calcineurin Inhibitors , Antibodies, MonoclonalABSTRACT
Los corticoides se utilizan en el tratamiento de muchas enfermedades dermatológicas, debido a sus efectos antiinflamatorios, inmunosupresores y antiproliferativos. Su uso indiscriminado puede ocasionar serios efectos adversos locales y sistémicos, fundamentalmente, en niños y frente a ciertos factores predisponentes. Si bien los corticoides tópicos son seguros y efectivos, se debe prestar principal atención a factores como la edad del paciente, el estado de la barrera cutánea, la localización, la potencia y el vehículo del corticoide antes de su prescripción, para disminuir la posibilidad de efectos adversos. Se presenta a una paciente de 5 meses de edad, la cual concurrió a la consulta por un hemangioma ulcerado en el glúteo izquierdo asociado a un síndrome de Cushing, debido a la aplicación local de un corticoide tópico durante más de 3 meses para tratar dicha lesión.
Corticosteroids are used in the treatment of many dermatological diseases due to their anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and antiproliferative effects. Its indiscriminate use can cause serious local and systemic adverse effects, mainly in children and in the presence of certain predisposing factors. While topical corticosteroids are safe and effective, it is important to pay attention to factors such as patient's age, skin barrier, clinical characteristic and localization of the lesion, potency and vehicle of the corticosteroid before its prescription to reduce the possibility of adverse effects. We present the case of a 5-month-old patient who presented an ulcerated hemangioma in the left buttock. Due to the local application of a topical corticosteroid on the hemangioma for more than 3 months, she developed Cushing's syndrome.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Cushing Syndrome , Long Term Adverse EffectsABSTRACT
Corticosteroids are used in the treatment of many dermatological diseases due to their anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and antiproliferative effects. Its indiscriminate use can cause serious local and systemic adverse effects, mainly in children and in the presence of certain predisposing factors. While topical corticosteroids are safe and effective, it is important to pay attention to factors such as patient´s age, skin barrier, clinical characteristic and localization of the lesion, potency and vehicle of the corticosteroid before its prescription to reduce the possibility of adverse effects. We present the case of a 5-month-old patient who presented an ulcerated hemangioma in the left buttock. Due to the local application of a topical corticosteroid on the hemangioma for more than 3 months, she developed Cushing's syndrome.
Los corticoides se utilizan en el tratamiento de muchas enfermedades dermatológicas, debido a sus efectos antiinflamatorios, inmunosupresores y antiproliferativos. Su uso indiscriminado puede ocasionar serios efectos adversos locales y sistémicos, fundamentalmente, en niños y frente a ciertos factores predisponentes. Si bien los corticoides tópicos son seguros y efectivos, se debe prestar principal atención a factores como la edad del paciente, el estado de la barrera cutánea, la localización, la potencia y el vehículo del corticoide antes de su prescripción, para disminuir la posibilidad de efectos adversos. Se presenta a una paciente de 5 meses de edad, la cual concurrió a la consulta por un hemangioma ulcerado en el glúteo izquierdo asociado a un síndrome de Cushing, debido a la aplicación local de un corticoide tópico durante más de 3 meses para tratar dicha lesión.
Subject(s)
Cushing Syndrome/chemically induced , Glucocorticoids/adverse effects , Hemangioma/drug therapy , Skin Ulcer/drug therapy , Administration, Cutaneous , Cushing Syndrome/diagnosis , Female , Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage , Humans , Iatrogenic Disease , Infant , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The uncontrolled sale of topical corticosteroids has become an important risk factor for the development of iatrogenic Cushing syndrome in children, especially in countries where medications are sold over the counter. This is exacerbated by the lack of information for both the patients and pharmacists. This report documents a series of eight cases of iatrogenic Cushing syndrome secondary to an inappropriate use of topical steroids, due to a misdiagnosis of scabies.
ABSTRACT
Linear immunoglobulin A dermatosis of childhood is a rare autoimmune disorder. Its etiology remains unknown, although it has been linked to drugs, infections, immunological diseases and lymphoproliferative processes. We report the case of a 6 year old girl who consulted for perioral bullous lesions without other symptoms. Neither treatment with mupirocin nor methylprednisolone therapy achieved remission of cutaneous lesions. Skin biopsy showed a linear immunoglobulin A dermatosis. It was not possible to start treatment with dapsone because of a partial glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, so topical treatment was maintained with good evolution of lesions. Linear immunoglobulin A dermatosis is a rare disease whose differential diagnosis includes other bullous diseases. Pathology is essential for diagnosis. When treatment with dapsone is not possible, topical corticosteroids may be an alternative, either alone or associated with other treatments.
La dermatosis por inmunoglobulina A lineal de la infancia es un trastorno autoinmunitario poco frecuente. Su etiología es desconocida, aunque se ha relacionado con fármacos, infecciones, enfermedades inmunológicas y procesos linfoproliferativos. Presentamos el caso de una niña de 6 años que consultaba por lesiones ampollosas periorales, sin otra sintomatología. Se pautó un tratamiento con mupirocina tópica primero y luego con metilprednisolona tópica, sin resolución del cuadro. Se realizó una biopsia cutánea, compatible con dermatosis por inmunoglobulina A lineal. No fue posible iniciar el tratamiento con dapsona por déficit parcial de glucosa-6-fosfato deshidrogenasa, por lo que se mantuvo el tratamiento tópico, con buena evolución de las lesiones. La dermatosis por inmunoglobulina A lineal es una enfermedad poco frecuente, cuyo diagnóstico diferencial incluye otras enfermedades ampollosas. La anatomía patológica es esencial para el diagnóstico. Si no es posible el tratamiento con dapsona, los corticoides tópicos pueden ser una alternativa, tanto en monoterapia como asociados a otros tratamientos.