Spatial and temporal evolution of Guangdong tourism economic network structure from the perspective of social networks.

This study uses social network analysis and modified gravity model methods to empirically analyse the network spatial correlation structure and spatiotemporal development trend of 21 cities in Guangdong Province from 2000 to 2020 based on tourism economic development data. The findings show that, first, Zhuhai has the greatest potential for growth as the centre of the spatial and temporal evolution trend of the network structure of the tourism economy in Guangdong Province, ahead of Shenzhen, Huizhou, Zhaoqing, Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Dongguan. However, Guangzhou, the capital city of Guangdong Province, is experiencing a decline in such influence and development. Second, there is a counter-trend growth in the number of tourism-related economic links among the 21 cities. Although Guangdong's tourism economic network intensity is strong, there is still room for further optimisation. Third, the results of the overall network indicators show that there is a need for further improvement in network density, grade and efficiency to help reduce the relative development gap of the cities' tourism and effectively improve the overall development of Guangdong's tourism economy. Finally, based on the core-periphery structure, this study proposes relevant suggestions for the sustainable development of Guangdong's tourism industry.

Rating vs. Reviews: Does official rating capture what is important to customers?

This paper examines the relationship between hotels' official ratings and customer review scores. Hotel ratings aim to provide an objective assessment of the hotel's quality and experience to potential customers. However, customer reviews frequently differ from official ratings. We use data on hotels in Dubai to explore their relationship and analyze their similarities and differences. Asymmetric information hampers demand in the hotel industry if ratings do not match the customers' views of quality. Furthermore, substantial discrepancies between the two measures provide competing interests for hotel managers to satisfy rating agencies' criteria or customers' preferences, reducing the hotels' efficiency and effectiveness in offering customers the best experience and value. Our findings show that, as expected, Star Rating primarily reflects hotel-related features. In contrast, customer review scores tend to appreciate features nearby in addition to hotel amenities. Also, some hotel amenities value differently in the customer review scores and Star Rating.

Coupling and Coordination Relationship between the Tourism Economy and Ecosystem Service Value in Southern Jiangsu, China.

The relationship between the tourism economy and the ecosystem service value (ESV) is crucial for sustainable regional development. This study takes southern Jiangsu as a research object. Firstly, the development level of the tourism economy and ecosystem service value in southern Jiangsu from 2000 to 2020 are evaluated with the entropy method, ecosystem service value is estimated and the dynamic degree of land use is computed. Secondly, the coupling coordination degree model is used to explore the coupling coordination degree between the two systems. Finally, the interaction mechanism between the tourism economy and ecosystem service function is elaborated. The result shows that: (1) There are disparities in the levels of a comprehensive tourism economy in different cities, and the overall development level of the tourism economy in southern Jiangsu shows a cyclical fluctuation pattern. (2) Spatial variation of ecosystem service value exists in different cities in southern Jiangsu, with an overall trend of increasing in the beginning followed by a decline. (3) The coupling coordination degree between the tourism economic system and ecosystem service functions in southern Jiangsu demonstrates an inverted U-shaped development pattern from 2000 to 2020, evolving from mild disorder to intermediate coordination and then back to mild disorder, and the development of two subsystems is unstable and imbalanced. Within the region, Nanjing, Suzhou and Zhenjiang have experienced a rise in coupling coordination degree followed by a decline. This study also reveals the coupling mechanism between ecological service functions and the tourism economic system, and provides suggestions for ecological preservation and sustainable development of tourism industry in southern Jiangsu. This research can be a reference for tourism and regional development in southern Jiangsu and the whole Yangtze Delta region.

Influencing factors of online products decision-making oriented to tourism economy under the guidance of consumer psychology.

This work aims to increase the consumption of online tourism products and promote the development of the tourism economy. Based on this, it first analyses the Internet market under the guidance of consumer psychology. Then, the influencing factors of online product decision-making for the tourism economy are discussed. Finally, based on the above analysis, it discusses and evaluates the main factors affecting the consumption of online travel products. The research method of this work is set based on psychology so that it can analyze the psychological state of consumers more deeply and promote the development of the consumer market. The results show that the main factors affecting the consumption of online travel products include online travel platforms and user characteristics. Specifically, approximately 80% of users consume online travel products based on platform reviews, approximately 10% of users consume online travel products based on platform recommended content, and approximately 5% of users consume online travel products based on platform search content. Users vary mainly by age, gender, and region and have different preferences for different platforms. Among the four major platforms, Ctrip occupies the most consumers. The conclusion is that the main way to develop the tourism economy is to build a better online travel platform. At the same time, it is necessary to promote online tourism according to the characteristics of users and increase the marketing of online tourism products. This work not only provides a reference for promoting online tourism product marketing but also helps to promote the development of the tourism economy.

Influence of Tourism Economy on Air Quality-An Empirical Analysis Based on Panel Data of 102 Cities in China.

The relationship between regional tourism development and air quality is complex. Although air pollution restricts tourists' willingness to travel, the air pollution produced by tourism and its ancillary industries can also not be ignored. Using the annual panel data of PM2.5 concentration and tourism revenue at the city level, and comprehensively using the Panel VAR model, Geodetector and other analysis methods, we explored the spatio-temporal relationship between the tourism economy and its impact on air quality in China. The main conclusions are as follows: first, the "Kuznets" curve of tourism development and air pollution in mainland China from 2004 to 2016 is generally significant-that is, the tourism economy and air pollution generally show an "inverted U-shaped" relationship. Second, the tourism economy has a positive effect on air pollution in the short term, and this effect is stronger in the eastern region. Third, tourism economy is not the leading factor affecting the change in regional air pollution. GDP and industrial structure are more likely to have the greatest impact on air pollution, and the effect of this "joint force" factor on air pollution is greater than that of other single factors. In the future, the high-quality development of China's tourism economy needs to take environmental protection into consideration, and advocate for low-carbon travel and green tourism.

The Carbon Emission Reduction Effect of Tourism Economy and Its Formation Mechanism: An Empirical Study of China's 92 Tourism-Dependent Cities.

The tourism economy is regarded as an effective way to realize regional sustainable development. Hence, it is of great significance to explore whether and how tourism economy can alleviate regional carbon emission intensity. To this end, a structural equation model (SEM) reflecting the multiple pathways of the carbon emission reduction effect of tourism economy was constructed based on 92 tourism-dependent cities in China, and the existence and formation mechanism of the carbon emission reduction effect of tourism economy were empirically tested. The main findings are as follows: (1) The tourism economy has a significant carbon emission reduction effect in China. Although the direct impact of tourism economy on carbon emission intensity is significantly positive, the indirect impact is significantly negative and stronger than the direct impact. (2) The carbon emission reduction effect of tourism economy presents multiple pathways characteristics. There are single intermediary pathways such as Tourism Economy → Environmental Regulation → Carbon Emission Intensity, Tourism Economy → Opening-Up → Carbon Emission Intensity, and dual intermediary pathways such as Tourism Economy → Opening-Up → Industrial Development → Carbon Emission Intensity, Tourism Economy → Opening-Up → Innovation Capacity → Carbon Emission Intensity. (3) The formation mechanism of the carbon emission reduction effect of tourism economy presents obvious spatial heterogeneity.

How Do Chinese National Scenic Areas Affect Tourism Economic Development? The Moderating Effect of Time-Limited Rectification.

Based on panel data on 124 prefecture-level and above cities from 2003 to 2018, this study investigated the impact of CNSAs on tourism economic development and the moderating effect of time-limited rectification by comprehensively using the quasi-DID model, the static spatial Durbin model, and the dynamic spatial Durbin model. The results showed that the impact of CNSAs on tourism economic development has a heterogeneous characteristic in terms of tourists and revenue. In addition, the spatial spillover effect and the path dependence have effectively promoted tourism economic development. Furthermore, the effectiveness of time-limited rectification has been proved in this study, while the "beggar-thy-neighbor" effect has, to some extent, weakened the promotional effect of CNSAs on tourism economic development, especially in terms of international tourists and international tourism revenue. Finally, relevant policy implications for the superior department in charge, local governments, and the management department of CNSAs are outlined to provide a practical reference for promoting the high-quality development of the tourism economy in China.

Coupling Coordination and Influencing Factors among Tourism Carbon Emission, Tourism Economic and Tourism Innovation.

To discuss the coupling coordination relationship among tourism carbon emissions, economic development and regional innovation it is not only necessary to realize the green development of tourism economy, but also great significance for the tourism industry to take a low-carbon path. Taking the 30 provinces of China for example, this paper calculated the tourism carbon emission efficiency based on the super-efficiency Slacks based measure and Data envelope analyse (SBM-DEA) model from 2007 to 2017, and on this basis, defined a compound system that consists of tourism carbon emissions, tourism economic development and tourism regional innovation. Further, the coupling coordination degree model and dynamic degree model were used to explore its spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of balanced development, and this paper distinguished the core influencing factors by Geodetector model. The results showed that (1) during the study period, the tourism carbon emission efficiency showed a reciprocating trend of first rising and then falling, mainly due to the change of pure technical efficiency. (2) The coupling coordination degree developed towards a good trend, while there were significant differences among provinces, showing a gradient distribution pattern of decreasing from east to west. Additionally, (3) the core driving factors varied over time, however, in general, the influence from high to low were as follows: technological innovation, economic development, urbanization, environmental pollution control, and industrial structure. Finally, some policy recommendations were put forward to further promote the coupling coordination degree.

Research on the Spatial Structure of the European Union's Tourism Economy and Its Effects.

With the implementation of European integration policies such as the single market, the Euro and the Schengen Visa, the EU member states are developing closer economic ties through tourism, and their level of tourism integration is constantly improving. Taking the 28 EU member states as research objects, this paper constructs a tourism economic connection network among them, measures the strength of their tourism economic connections from 1995 to 2018 by using the modified gravity model and social network method, and analyzes the spatial structure characteristics and effects of the EU tourism economy. The results are as follows: (1) The tourism economic ties of EU member states are growing increasingly close, enhancing network stability. (2) Germany, France, Italy, Austria and the United Kingdom are the top five countries in the degree centrality and closeness centrality rankings, meaning that they are located in the center of the network and have great influence, and the network is becoming increasingly concentrated. Germany, Italy, Sweden, Austria and France play an important intermediary role in the network, and the centrality of most member states has increased. (3) The core areas are mainly concentrated in Western Europe, Southern Europe, Mediterranean mainland countries and Central Europe, while the marginal areas are mainly concentrated in Eastern Europe, Northern Europe and Mediterranean island countries; the network connection density of the core area, the network connection density of the marginal area, and the network connection density between the core and marginal area overall show an increasing trend. (4) Improvements in the complete network connectedness and a reduction in graph efficiency can significantly reduce differences in EU tourism economic development levels and improve spatial equity.