Plural violence(s) and migrants' transnational engagement with democratic politics: the case of Colombians in Europe.

This article explores how multiple, interrelated violence(s) shape the ways in which migrants relate to democratic politics transnationally. It takes as a departing point the literature on violent democracies and violent pluralism in the Latin American context, and more specifically the situation in Colombia, where democratic institutions coexist with plural violence(s). Following on from studies of migrant transnational politics, the analysis focuses on the Colombian diaspora and how migrants coming from violent democracies engage politically with the home country. Based on extensive research with Colombian migrants in Europe since the mid-90s, the article shows how despite different motivations for migrating, origin-country violence plays a significant role in the lives of many Colombians abroad. It then explores how violence influences migrants' transnational politics. Migrating from a context of pervasive violence(s) can affect migrants' sense of transnational belonging as well as increase mistrust and indifference towards formal democratic processes. However, the situation in the home country, together with being exposed to different conditions in the host society, can also motivate migrants to participate transnationally in initiatives to end the violence, thus increasing cooperation and trust.

"Holidays Come, Sundays Come. It is Very Sad to be Alone": Transnational Practices and the Importance of Family for Mexican and Puerto Rican Latinxs Living with HIV in the Continental U.S.

Latinxs continue to be overrepresented in the U.S. HIV epidemic. We examined the transnational practices, family relationships, and realities of life of Mexicans and Puerto Ricans living with HIV in the continental U.S. We conducted qualitative interviews with 44 persons of Mexican and Puerto Rican origin participating in HIV care engagement interventions. Framework Analysis guided our data analysis. Among participants, a strong connection to the family was intertwined with transnational practices: communication, travel to their place of origin to maintain family ties, and material and/or emotional support. Separation from their family contributed to social isolation. Many participants lacked emotional support regarding living with HIV. Transnational practices and family relationships were intrinsic to the experiences of Mexicans and Puerto Ricans living with HIV in the continental U.S.; and may help understand the points of reference, health-seeking behaviors, and support sources that influence their health, well-being and engagement in HIV care.

Transnational Mother Blame: Protecting and Caring in a Globalized Context.

Mexican women in both the United States and Mexico face uneven landscapes of benefits and discourses as they negotiate family members' health. Building on two decades of ethnographic research, I explore how Mexican mothers navigate social and medical services, food provision, food preparation and health, and describe some of the ways that governments in each country abdicate responsibility for shaping structural constraints on citizens' health. Transnational "mother blame" is a pattern that builds on tropes about the simultaneous responsibility and incapacity of women to ensure their family's health, while offering new articulations of responsibility in neoliberal, globalized, transnational contexts in which flexible care arrangements are both necessary and denigrated.

Commodifying Indigeneity: How the Humanization of Birth Reinforces Racialized Inequality in Mexico.

This article examines the humanized birth movement in Mexico and analyzes how the remaking of tradition-the return to traditional birthing arts (home birth, midwife-assisted birth, natural birth)-inadvertently reinscribes racial hierarchies. The great irony of the humanized birth movement lies in parents' perspective of themselves as critics of late capitalism. All the while, their very rejection of consumerism bolsters ongoing commodification of indigenous culture and collapses indigeneity, nature, and tradition onto one another. While the movement is quickly spreading across Mexico, indigenous women and their traditional midwives are largely excluded from the emerging humanized birth community. Through ethnographic examples, the article suggests that indigenous individuals are agentive actors who appropriate cards in decks stacked against them. Examples of resistance emerge within a context of power and political economy that often capitalizes on images of indigeneity while obscuring the lives, experiences, and opinions of indigenous people.

Transnationalism and Hypertension Self-Management Among Haitian Immigrants.

PURPOSE: Transnationalism--maintenance of transborder activities--has important implications for the health status of contemporary immigrants. Yet little is known about how such interconnectivity interacts with health. DESIGN: In this critical ethnography study, 31 Haitian immigrants discussed the influences of transnationalism on their hypertension management. Transcripts of the semistructured individual interviews were analyzed and coded with the assistance of the Atlas.ti 6 software. FINDINGS: Two major themes emerged: social support and financial obligation, both framed within the obligation to send monetary remittances. A duality emerged where social support facilitated hypertension self-management but consequently represented a financial burden. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: The study evidenced that transnationalism, although positively influencing immigrants' psychosocial well-being can negatively affect their experience with disease management. Health providers are urged to account for this transnationalism-disease management interaction when caring for this immigrant group. Future studies are needed to explore this phenomenon among other immigrant populations.

Engagement policies in favour of transnationalism: the expansion of transnational citizenship within colombian emigrants / Políticas de engajamento a favor do transnacionalismo: a expansão da cidadania transnacional entre emigrantes colombianos

Communities of nationals living abroad are attracting the interest of sending countries, which are paying increasing attention to the way in which emigrants connect with their origin and the potential benefits of it. Focusing on the case of Colombia and analysing the initiatives under the Colombia Nos Une Program, this article examines the role that the proactive attitude of institutional actors is playing in the potential engagement of migrants with their country of origin and the creation of a transnational citizenship. Colombia, as a sending country, is looking at their emigrants in an attempt to take advantage of their economic and human capital in order to improve its development through networks of knowledge, entrepreneurship and socio-cultural initiative. An increasing knowledge of the way policies of origin are implemented and the impact they have on the migrants’ lives will give a more comprehensive framework to understand the effects of a transnational life and to conceptualize a transnational citizenship.(AU).

Comunidades de emigrantes que moram no exterior têm atraído o interesse dos países emissores, que têm prestado mais atenção a como os emigrantes interagem com seus países de origem e aos potenciais benefícios dessa interação. Ao focar no caso da Colômbia e ao analisar as iniciativas do programa Colombia Nos Une, este artigo examina o papel que a proatividade de atores institucionais tem no engajamento potencial de migrantes com seus países de origem e na criação de uma cidadania transnacional. A Colômbia, como país emissor, tem buscado aproveitar o capital econômico e humano dos seus emigrantes para aprimorar o seu desenvolvimento, por meio de redes de conhecimento, empreendedorismo e iniciativa sociocultural. Um maior conhecimento de como as políticas de origem são implementadas e do impacto que elas têm nas vidas dos migrantes dará uma visão mais abrangente, para entender os efeitos de uma vida transnacional e conceituar a cidadania transnacional.(AU).

La circulación de saberes psicológicos, psiquiátricos y psicoanalíticos en la Argentina 1900-1993: apuntes historiográficos e históricos / The circulation of psychological, psychiatrical, and psychoanalytical knowledge in Argentina 1900-1993: historiographical and historical notes

Se presenta un modelo historiográfico crítico sobre la circulación de saberes psicológicos, psiquiátricos y psicoanalíticos, que contempla distintos planos de análisis: conexiones individuales e institucionales entre autores y de corrientes locales con otras foráneas; los medios específicos y las asimetrías en el intercambio de saberes; procesos de lectura, apropiación y uso de los mismos, así como su transformación según las características locales. Se ofrecen los resultados de este modelo historiográfico en investigaciones en la Argentina durante el siglo XX.

A critical historiographical model is present on the circulation of knowledge form psychology, psychiatry and psychoanalysis, which considers several levels of analysis: individual and institutional connections between local authors and disciplines with foreign ones; specific means and asymmetries in knowledge exchange; their reading processes, appropriation and uses, and their transformation according to local characteristics. The results of using this historiographical model in research in Argentina during XXth Century are shown.

Binationalité en acte: une nouvelle condition politique / Binacionalidade em ação: um novo status político / Binationality in action: a new political status / Binacionalidad en acción: un nuevo status político

Cet article interroge les enjeux socio-politiques découlant de la possession de la nationalité française et algérienne, d’Algériens (nes) vivant en France. Les effets de la binationalité se rapportent aux changements de positionnement politique produits par cette nouvelle condition politique, aux usages publics construits par une partie des Franco-Algériens. L’interprétation de ces transformations s’appuie sur leurs discours publics, fondés sur une demande explicite de reconnaissance de leur double appartenance sociale, culturelle et de leur double légitimité politique, tant dans la sphère française qu’algérienne. La posture de ces acteurs émergents dans les deux espaces publics tend à contester les frontières établies par les configurations identitaires nationales. (AU)

Este artigo examina as questões político-sociais decorrentes da dupla cidadania franco-argelina de argelinos vivendo na França. Os efeitos da binacionalidade estão relacionados às mudanças políticas produzidas por este novo status político, bem como às formas pelas quais alguns franco-argelinos fazem uso público disso. Essas mudanças podem ser entendidas a partir dos posicionamentos públicos destes cidadãos, os quais são embasados numa demanda explícita de legitimidade em ambas as esferas, francesa e argelina. As posições assumidas por estes atores emergentes em ambas as esferas públicas desafia as fronteiras estabelecidas pelas configurações identitárias nacionais. (AU)

This article examines the socio-political issues arising from the dual French-Algerian citizenship of Algerians living in France. The effects of binationality is related to policy changes produced by this new political status as well as to the ways in which some Franco-Algerians make public use of it. These changes can be understood from their public statements, which are based on an explicit request for recognition of their dual social-cultural membership and on their dual political legitimacy in both the French and Algerian spheres. The stances assumed by these emerging actors in both public areas challenge the boundaries established by nationalist constituencies. (AU)

Este artículo examina las cuestiones político-sociales debidas de la doble ciudadanía franco-argelina de argelinos viviendo en la Francia. Los efectos de la binacionalidad están relacionados a los cambios políticos producidos por este nuevo status político, como a las maneras que algunos franco-argelinos hacen uso público de eso. Estos cambios pueden ser entendidos a partir de los posicionamientos públicos de estos ciudadanos, los cuales son embasados en una demanda explícita de legitimidad en ambas las esferas, la francesa y la argelina. Las posiciones asumidas por estos actores emergentes en ambas las esferas públicas desafían las fronteras establecidas por las configuraciones de identidades nacionales. (AU)

Binationalité en acte: une nouvelle condition politique / Binacionalidade em ação: um novo status político / Binationality in action: a new political status / Binacionalidad en acción: un nuevo status político

Cet article interroge les enjeux socio-politiques découlant de la possession de la nationalité française et algérienne, d’Algériens (nes) vivant en France. Les effets de la binationalité se rapportent aux changements de positionnement politique produits par cette nouvelle condition politique, aux usages publics construits par une partie des Franco-Algériens. L’interprétation de ces transformations s’appuie sur leurs discours publics, fondés sur une demande explicite de reconnaissance de leur double appartenance sociale, culturelle et de leur double légitimité politique, tant dans la sphère française qu’algérienne. La posture de ces acteurs émergents dans les deux espaces publics tend à contester les frontières établies par les configurations identitaires nationales.

Este artigo examina as questões político-sociais decorrentes da dupla cidadania franco-argelina de argelinos vivendo na França. Os efeitos da binacionalidade estão relacionados às mudanças políticas produzidas por este novo status político, bem como às formas pelas quais alguns franco-argelinos fazem uso público disso. Essas mudanças podem ser entendidas a partir dos posicionamentos públicos destes cidadãos, os quais são embasados numa demanda explícita de legitimidade em ambas as esferas, francesa e argelina. As posições assumidas por estes atores emergentes em ambas as esferas públicas desafia as fronteiras estabelecidas pelas configurações identitárias nacionais.

This article examines the socio-political issues arising from the dual French-Algerian citizenship of Algerians living in France. The effects of binationality is related to policy changes produced by this new political status as well as to the ways in which some Franco-Algerians make public use of it. These changes can be understood from their public statements, which are based on an explicit request for recognition of their dual social-cultural membership and on their dual political legitimacy in both the French and Algerian spheres. The stances assumed by these emerging actors in both public areas challenge the boundaries established by nationalist constituencies.

Este artículo examina las cuestiones político-sociales debidas de la doble ciudadanía franco-argelina de argelinos viviendo en la Francia. Los efectos de la binacionalidad están relacionados a los cambios políticos producidos por este nuevo status político, como a las maneras que algunos franco-argelinos hacen uso público de eso. Estos cambios pueden ser entendidos a partir de los posicionamientos públicos de estos ciudadanos, los cuales son embasados en una demanda explícita de legitimidad en ambas las esferas, la francesa y la argelina. Las posiciones asumidas por estos actores emergentes en ambas las esferas públicas desafían las fronteras establecidas por las configuraciones de identidades nacionales.