NT-proBNP in systemic right ventricles: a new cutoff level for risk stratification?

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The role of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in the risk prediction of patients with systemic right ventricles (sRV) is not well defined. The aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic value of NT-proBNP in patients with an sRV. METHODS: The prognostic value of NT-proBNP was assessed in 98 patients from the SERVE trial. We used an adjusted Cox proportional hazards model, survival analysis, and c-statistics. The composite primary outcome was the occurrence of clinically relevant arrhythmia, heart failure, or death. Correlations between baseline NT-proBNP values and biventricular volumes and function were assessed by adjusted linear regression models. RESULTS: The median age [interquartile range] at baseline was 39 [32-48] years and 32% were women. The median NT-proBNP was 238 [137-429] ng/L. Baseline NT-proBNP concentrations were significantly higher among the 20 (20%) patients developing the combined primary outcome compared with those who did not (816 [194-1094] vs 205 [122-357]; P=.003). In patients with NT-proBNP concentrations> 75th percentile (> 429 ng/L), we found an exponential increase in the sex- and age-adjusted hazard ratio for the primary outcome. The prognostic value of NT-proBNP was comparable to right ventricular ejection fraction and peak oxygen uptake on exercise testing (c-statistic: 0.71, 0.72, and 0.71, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with sRVs, NT-proBNP concentrations correlate with sRV volumes and function and may serve as a simple tool for predicting adverse outcomes.

Anesthetic management of pulmonary artery banding in adult patient with single ventricle and uncorrected transposition of the great arteries.

Pulmonary artery banding (PAB) is a procedure mainly performed during the neonatal period as an initial stage to definitive palliative reconstruction, a scenario in which the criteria for banding adjustment are well defined. However, the indication for BAP in the adult is extraordinarily rare, even more in patients with single ventricle and unrepaired transposition of the great arteries (TGA), and there are no established criteria for banding adjustment. Due to the small number of these procedures, there is limited experience in their anesthetic management and complications. We describe a case of a 29-year-old patient diagnosed with a cyanotic congenital heart disease of double-inlet left ventricle with TGA and unrepaired mitral stenosis, who underwent to a hybrid procedure of PAB and enlargement of the communication between the two atria.

Transposición del vientre del oblicuo inferior sin desinserción en el tratamiento de la hipertropia en aducción / Transposition of the inferior oblique muscle belly without disinsertion for overshoot in adduction treatment

Propósito Analizar la eficacia y la seguridad de la transposición del oblicuo inferior con miopexia en pacientes con hiperfunción primaria o secundaria del oblicuo inferior leve-moderada, con o sin diplopía. Método Estudio observacional retrospectivo de 12 pacientes tratados con dicha técnica entre octubre de 2018 y septiembre de 2021. Se suturó el oblicuo inferior a esclera a 5mm posterior a la inserción temporal del recto inferior. Todos tenían desviación vertical de pequeño ángulo (media ±DE: 4,42±1,62) en posición primaria (≤6 dioptrías prismáticas [dp]), hipertropia en aducción leve-moderada y 10 tenían diplopía. Los diagnósticos fueron: paresia del IVnervio (9), DVD (1) e hipertropia en aducción unilateral (2). De los 12 casos, 7 presentaban tortícolis, 2 torsión subjetiva y 2 torsión objetiva. Resultados La edad media de la muestra fue 46,86±25,1 años (50% hombres). De los 10 casos con diplopía, en 9 se resolvió. La desviación vertical media final en mirada al frente fue: 1,5dp ±2,93 (p=0,001). De 7 casos con hipertropia en aducción leve, en 3 desapareció y 4 quedaron igual. De 5 casos con hipertropia en aducción moderada, 2 mejoraron a leves y en 3 desapareció. El tortícolis se resolvió en 5 casos, y en otros 2 mejoró. El tiempo de seguimiento medio fue de 14,08±8,05 meses. No se registraron hipercorrecciones. Conclusiones La transposición del oblicuo inferior con miopexia es una nueva técnica eficaz y segura en pacientes con leve-moderada hipertropia en aducción e hipertropia de pequeño ángulo, con o sin diplopía (AU)

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of inferior oblique muscle transposition and myopexy in patients with mild/moderate inferior oblique muscle overaction, with or without diplopia. Method We retrospectively analysed data for the 12 patients who underwent the technique. Data were collected from October 2018 to September 2021. Surgery was performed by suturing the inferior oblique belly to the sclera at 5mm posterior to the temporal end of the inferior rectus. All 12 patients had mild hypertropia (≤6 prism diopters [pd]) in primary position and mild/moderate inferior oblique overaction. Mean preoperative hypertropia was 4.42pd ±1.62. Diplopia was recorded in 10 cases. The diagnoses were fourth nerve paresis (9), unilateral primary inferior oblique overaction (2) and dissociated vertical deviation (1). Torticollis was observed in 7 cases, 2 had subjective torsion and 2 objective torsion. Results Mean age was 46.86±25.1 years (50%: men). Diplopia resolved in 9 of the 10 cases. The mean final vertical deviation was 1.5±2.93 (P=.001) pd in straight gaze. Of 7 mild overshoot in adduction, it disappeared in 3 and 4 remained the same. Of 5 moderate overshoot in adduction, 2 improved to mild and 3 disappeared. Torticollis was eliminated in 5 patients and improved in another 2. Mean time from surgery was 14.08±8.05 months. There were no overcorrections Conclusions Inferior oblique muscle transposition with myopexy is a safe and effective procedure in patients with mild-to-moderate inferior oblique muscle overaction and small-angle hypertropia, with or without diplopia (AU)

Transposition of the inferior oblique muscle belly without disinsertion for overshoot in adduction treatment.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of inferior oblique muscle transposition and myopexy in patients with mild/moderate inferior oblique muscle overaction, with or without diplopia. METHOD: We retrospectively analysed data for the 12 patients who underwent the technique. Data were collected from October 2018 to September 2021. Surgery was performed by suturing the inferior oblique belly to the sclera at 5 mm posterior to the temporal end of the inferior rectus. All 12 patients had mild hypertropia (≤6 prism diopters [pd]) in primary position and mild/moderate inferior oblique overaction. Mean preoperative hypertropia was 4.42 pd ±â€¯1.62. Diplopia was recorded in 10 cases. The diagnoses were fourth nerve paresis (9), unilateral primary inferior oblique overaction (2) and dissociated vertical deviation (1). Torticollis was observed in 7 cases, 2 had subjective torsion and 2 objective torsion. RESULTS: Mean age was 46.86 ±â€¯25.1 years (50%: men). Diplopia resolved in 9 of the 10 cases. The mean final vertical deviation was 1.5 ±â€¯2.93 (p = 0.001) pd in straight gaze. Of 7 mild overshoot in adduction, it disappeared in 3 and 4 remained the same. Of 5 moderate overshoot in adduction, 2 improved to mild and 3 disappeared. Torticollis was eliminated in 5 patients and improved in another 2. Mean time from surgery was 14.08 ±â€¯8.05 months. There were no overcorrections. CONCLUSIONS: Inferior oblique muscle transposition with myopexy is a safe and effective procedure in patients with mild-to-moderate inferior oblique muscle overaction and small-angle hypertropia, with or without diplopia.

Situs inversus totalis asociado a transposición de grandes arterias: un diagnóstico temprano / Situs inversus totalis associated with transposition of the great arteries: an early diagnosis

Resumen Introducción: El situs inversus totalis asociado a la transposición de grandes arterias es una condición médica rara y poco descrita. Existen pocos casos reportados con esta asociación, los cuales, en su mayoría, corresponden a pacientes adultos que presentan una transposición de grandes arterias corregida congénitamente. La complejidad del caso descrito está demarcada tanto por su etiología, como por su baja frecuencia de aparición y reto quirúrgico. Caso clínico: se describe el caso de un neonato con diagnóstico antenatal de transposición de grandes arterias, asociado a hallazgo de dextrocardia y dextrogastria que sugirió situs inversus totalis en radiografía de tórax posnatal, en quien se realizó procedimiento de Jatene de mayor complejidad a la usual por su anatomía. Conclusiones: La presencia de una asociación entre el situs inversus totalis y otra malformación anatómica, como la transposición de grandes arterias, es poco frecuente. Sin embargo, dicha asociación es un factor determinante tanto para la realización oportuna del diagnóstico, como para la elección del tratamiento apropiado y la presentación de posibles complicaciones posteriores.

Abstract Introduction: Situs inversus totalis associated with transposition of the great arteries is a rare and infrequently described medical condition. There are few reported cases of this association, most of which are in adult patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries. Objective: The complexity of the described case is marked by both its etiology as well as its infrequent presentation and surgical challenge. Clinical case: This was a newborn with a prenatal diagnosis of transposition of the great arteries associated with a finding of dextrocardia and dextrogastria which suggested situs inversus totalis on the postnatal chest x-ray, who underwent a more complex Jatene procedure than usual because of his anatomy. Conclusions: Situs inversus totalis associated with another anatomical malformation, such as transposition of the great arteries, is uncommon. However, this association is a determining factor for both timely diagnosis as well as for choosing the appropriate treatment, and for the development of possible subsequent complications.

Progresión y predictores de insuficiencia valvular neoaórtica y dilatación de la raíz neoaórtica en adultos jóvenes tras cirugía de switch arterial / Time course and predictors for neoaortic root dilatation and neoaortic valve regurgitation during adult life after arterial switch operation

Introducción y objetivos Hay pocos datos sobre la evolución en adultos de la dilatación de la raíz neoaórtica (RAO) y la insuficiencia valvular neoaórtica (IA) tras la cirugía de switch arterial (SA) en la transposición de grandes arterias. Métodos Análisis retrospectivo de 152 pacientes con transposición de grandes arterias, mayores de 15 años, intervenidos mediante SA y seguidos durante 4,9±3,3 años en 2 centros de referencia. Se analizaron los cambios de diámetro de la RAO ajustados a superficie corporal y la progresión a grado moderado/grave de la IA con ecocardiografías seriadas. Se realizó un modelo de regresión de Cox para identificar factores predictores de progresión de la IA. Resultados Inicialmente, 4 pacientes (2,6%) presentaban IA grave (3 habían precisado cirugía valvular) y 9 (5,9%) moderada. La RAO basal media era 20,05±2,4mm/m2, y al final del seguimiento, 20,73±2,8mm/m2 (p<0,001), con un crecimiento medio de 0,14 (IC95%, 0,07-0,2) mm/m2/año. La IA progresó en 20 (13,5%) y 6 (4%) fueron intervenidos. La progresión de IA se asoció con válvula bicúspide, IA inicial, dilatación de la RAO inicial y crecimiento de la RAO. La válvula bicúspide (HR=3,3; IC95%, 1,1-15,2; p=0,037), la IA inicial (HR=5,9; IC95%, 1,6-59,2; p=0,006) y el crecimiento de la RAO (HR=4,1; IC95%, 2-13,5; p=0,023) resultaron predictores independientes. Conclusiones La dilatación de la RAO y la IA progresan en el adulto joven intervenido mediante SA. La válvula bicúspide, la IA basal y el crecimiento de la RAO son predictores de progresión de IA. (AU)

Introduction and objectives There are limited data on the long-term development of neoaortic root dilatation (NRD) and neoaortic valve regurgitation (AR) after arterial switch operation (ASO) for transposition of the great arteries during adult life. Methods We performed a retrospective longitudinal analysis of 152 patients older than 15 years who underwent ASO for transposition of the great arteries and who were followed-up for 4.9±3.3 years in 2 referral centers. Sequential changes in body surface-adjusted aortic root dimensions and progression to moderate/severe AR were determined in patients with 2 or more echocardiographic examinations. Risk factors for dilatation were tested by Cox regression to identify predictors of AR progression. Results At baseline, moderate AR was present in 9 patients (5.9%) and severe AR in 4 (2.6%), of whom 3 had required aortic valve surgery. Initially, the median neoaortic root dimension was 20.05±2.4mm/m2, which increased significantly to 20.73±2.8mm/m2 (P <.001) at the end of follow-up. The mean change over time was 0.14mm/m2/y (95%CI, 0.07-0.2). Progressive AR was observed in 20 patients (13.5%) and 6 patients (4%) required aortic valve surgery. Progressive AR was associated with bicuspid valve, AR at baseline, NRD at baseline, and neoaortic root enlargement. Independent predictors were bicuspid valve (HR, 3.3; 95%CI, 1.1-15.2; P=.037), AR at baseline (HR, 5.9; 95%CI, 1.6-59.2; P=.006) and increase in NRD (HR, 4.1 95%CI, 2-13.5; P=.023). Conclusions In adult life, NRD and AR progress over time after ASO. Predictors of progressive AR are bicuspid valve, AR at baseline, and increase in NRD. (AU)

Efficacy and complications of transposition surgery in Duane esotropia syndrome. / Eficacia y complicaciones de las transposiciones musculares en el síndrome de Duane con esotropía.

OBJECTIVE: To study the long-term efficacy and the complications of several transposition techniques for the treatment of Duane syndrome. These included, full vertical rectus transposition, partial vertical rectus transposition, transposition without muscle disinsertion, and superior rectus transposition. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study of the patients diagnosed with Duane syndrome, and who underwent any of the different transposition techniques associated or not to the medial rectus recession with a follow-up longer than 12 months. A good result was considered a final deviation≤10 prism dioptres (pd) in primary position, anomalous head posture<10°, and an improvement of the abduction without diplopia. RESULTS: Seven cases were included (6 women, 6 unilateral), and a mean age of 37.71 years. Pre-operative central gaze esotropia of 28±11.68pd decreased to 6±4.62pd at the final visit (P=.009). The anomalous head posture decreased in 6 patients, and the abduction improved one degree from -3.14 to -2.14 (mean). An induced vertical deviation≤8pd was observed in 4 cases. None experienced diplopia at the final visit. The percentage of reoperations was 71.42%. Only 28.57% had a favourable outcome with a single surgery, which increased to 71.42% with further surgeries at the final follow-up. Mean evolution time was 52±31.65 months. CONCLUSIONS: Vertical rectus transpositions in Duane syndrome with moderate or severe clinical signs have only been effective in a small percentage of the cases. Most of them required further surgeries to resolve the complications or the under-corrections.

Time course and predictors for neoaortic root dilatation and neoaortic valve regurgitation during adult life after arterial switch operation.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: There are limited data on the long-term development of neoaortic root dilatation (NRD) and neoaortic valve regurgitation (AR) after arterial switch operation (ASO) for transposition of the great arteries during adult life. METHODS: We performed a retrospective longitudinal analysis of 152 patients older than 15 years who underwent ASO for transposition of the great arteries and who were followed-up for 4.9±3.3 years in 2 referral centers. Sequential changes in body surface-adjusted aortic root dimensions and progression to moderate/severe AR were determined in patients with 2 or more echocardiographic examinations. Risk factors for dilatation were tested by Cox regression to identify predictors of AR progression. RESULTS: At baseline, moderate AR was present in 9 patients (5.9%) and severe AR in 4 (2.6%), of whom 3 had required aortic valve surgery. Initially, the median neoaortic root dimension was 20.05±2.4mm/m2, which increased significantly to 20.73±2.8mm/m2 (P <.001) at the end of follow-up. The mean change over time was 0.14mm/m2/y (95%CI, 0.07-0.2). Progressive AR was observed in 20 patients (13.5%) and 6 patients (4%) required aortic valve surgery. Progressive AR was associated with bicuspid valve, AR at baseline, NRD at baseline, and neoaortic root enlargement. Independent predictors were bicuspid valve (HR, 3.3; 95%CI, 1.1-15.2; P=.037), AR at baseline (HR, 5.9; 95%CI, 1.6-59.2; P=.006) and increase in NRD (HR, 4.1 95%CI, 2-13.5; P=.023). CONCLUSIONS: In adult life, NRD and AR progress over time after ASO. Predictors of progressive AR are bicuspid valve, AR at baseline, and increase in NRD.

"Tratamiento multidisciplinar de una transposición canina: A propósito de un caso" / Multidisciplinary treatment of a canine transposition: A case report

RESUMEN: La situación de gran competitividad profesional que estamos experimentando actualmente exige la necesidad de una demanda formativa cada vez mayor, que deriva en la "superespecialización" de los odontólogos/ estomatólogos. Por ello, la asociación entre diversos "especialistas" cada vez es más común con el fin de proporcionar al paciente un tratamiento global y de calidad dirigido a satisfacer sus necesidades asistenciales. El objetivo del presente artículo es presentar el tratamiento multidisciplinar, de un paciente con una transposición del canino definitivo con el incisivo lateral derecho temporal, y su rehabilitación con un implante osteointegrado.

ABSTRACT: Dentistry nowadays is a very competitive field; that is why the amount of professionals that look for an academic training on specific topics is increasing. The importance of permanent communication with other professionals during the planning stage is the key for a successful treatment. The objective of this clinical case is to present a multidisciplinary work, focused on dental rehabilitation of a patient with an agenesis of the permanent right incisor in the maxillary bone and its treatment.

Double artery transposition: Coronary pattern and great arteries / Doble transposición arterial: Patrón coronario y grandes arterias

Extensive anatomic variability of the coronary arteries in hearts with transposition of great arteries has been described. Usual coronary pattern is defined as right coronary artery arising from posterior facing sinus and left coronary artery from anterior facing sinus. Results of prior case series have suggested that certain coronary patterns are associated with adverse outcomes in surgery (arterial switch operation). We present the case of a neonate with prenatal diagnosis of transposition of great arteries. Postnatal transthoracic echocardiography showed great arteries in a side-by-side relationship (fig. 1). Coronary pattern was described as inverted or with double coronary looping, which represents less than 3% of the anatomical variants. The entire left coronary artery system arose from the posterior-facing sinus, whereas the right coronary artery arose from the aorta anteriorly. Left coronary artery pursued a retropulmonary course, dividing posteriorly into the circumflex and anterior descending arteries (fig. 2). The patient underwent arterial switch operation uneventfully.

Realidade neurótica, recusa da realidade e realidade da renúncia / Neurotic reality, reality refusal, and renunciation reality / Realidad neurótica, renegación de la realidad y realidad de la renuncia

Após a segunda tópica, Freud se refere a uma perda da realidade para diferenciar as neuroses das psicoses. Na realidade neurótica, o papel dos imperativos ativos antes da instauração do Supereu mostra que se trata da perda do processo de enlutamento pelos objetos edípicos, responsável pelo advento da objetalidade madura. Isso explica a regressão a uma objetalidade infantil. As duas realidades, externa e intrapsíquica, mantêm relações de transposição e cooptação. A transposição das tendências pulsionais extintivas ocorre para as ameaças ouvidas e as ausências vistas. Instala-se o complexo de castração com seus dois tempos ligados ao conflito entre a recusa e as renúncias a serem feitas. Na recusa, a libido de renúncia é perdida para o funcionamento psíquico ideal. Ela serve para a formação de substitutos da realidade. A prova de realidade e o juízo do Eu são afetados (AU)

After the second topic, Freud refers to a loss of reality, in order to differentiate neurosis from psychosis. In neurotic reality, the role of active imperatives before the installment of the Superego reveals that it refers to the loss of the bereavement process by the oedipal objects, responsible for the emergence of mature objectality, hence the regression to an infantile objectality. Both realities, external and intrapsychic, maintain transposition and cooptation reports. The transposition of extinctive drive tendencies happens over the threats heard and the absences seen. The castration complex is thus installed with its two moments linked to the conflict between refusal and renunciation to be made. In refusal, the renunciation libido is lost to the ideal psychic functioning. It is useful to construct surrogate realities. The proof of reality and value judgement are affected (AU)

Después de la segunda tópica, Freud se refiere a la pérdida de la realidad para diferenciar las neurosis de las psicosis. En la realidad neurótica, el rol de los imperativos activos antes de instalar el Superyó muestra que la pérdida en cuestión es la del proceso de poner de luto los objetos edípicos, responsables por el advenimiento de la objectalidad madura; de ahí una regresión a la objectalidad infantil. Las dos realidades, externa e intrapsíquica, mantienen relaciones de transposición y cooptación. La transposición de las tendencias pulsionales extintivas ocurre sobre las amenazas escuchadas y las ausencias vistas. El complejo de castración se instala con sus dos etapas vinculadas al conflicto entre la renegación y teniendo en cuenta las renuncias por realizar. Durante la renegación, la libido de la renuncia se pierde al funcionamiento psíquico ideal. Ella sirve para constituir sustitutos a la realidad. La prueba de la realidad y el juicio del yo se ven afectados (AU)

Transposición dentaria. Reporte de un caso / Tooth transposition. Case report

RESUMEN La transposición dentaria se define como una ectopia del germen dentario, es común encontrarla en caninos superiores, pero cuando esta entidad se combina con una transposición se convierte en un dilema para el ortodoncista. Su etiología es multifactorial y no está bien aclarada, es conocido que se produce en el momento de la formación embrionaria por un intercambio en la posición del germen dentario, y con frecuencia, se considera ligado a factores genéticos. Se relaciona con trauma en el área afectada y con interferencias mecánicas. Se presentó un paciente de 14 años de edad, sexo masculino, que solicitó tratamiento por tener los dientes "botados" y un diente "fuera de lugar". Al examen clínico se observó transposición de 23 con 2:4. Se colocó aparatología fija con técnicas de cementado directo y bandas en los primeros molares permanentes superiores, se determinó mesializar el 23 y dejar libre 24, para evitar daño radicular. Una vez colocado 23 en su posición, 24 fue distalado y alineado al arco; para esto se utilizó arcos térmicos de nitinol preformados y secciones con elastómeros. Se logró neutroclusión de molares y caninos sin perjudicar los tejidos de soporte (AU).

ABSTRACT Tooth transposition is defined as an ectopia of the tooth germ, commonly found in upper canines, but when this entity is combined with a transposition, it becomes a dilemma for the orthodontists. Its etiology is multi-factorial and unknown. It takes place at the moment of the embryonic formation due to an interchange in the position of a tooth germ, and it is frequently considered linked to genetic factors. It is related to trauma in the affected area and with mechanic interferences. We present the case of a male patient, aged 14 years, who asked treatment for having buckteeth and a tooth ¨out of place¨. At the clinical examination it was observed the transposition of the 23 with 24. A fixed brace was put with direct cement techniques and bands in the first permanent upper molars. The orthodontist decided to mesialize 23 and let 24 free, to avoid root damage. Once 23 was in its position, 24 was distalized and aligned to the arch using pre-formed thermic nitinol arches and sections with elastomers. The molars and canines neutral occlusion was achieved without damaging the support tissues (AU).

Saúde dos rios, saúde dos povos e do planeta: um olhar sobre o documentário Saúde! Velho Chico, de Stella Oswaldo Cruz Penido e Eduardo Vilela Thielen / Health of the rivers, health of the peoples and of the Earth: an analysis of the documentary Saúde! Velho Chico, by Stella Oswaldo Cruz Penido e Eduardo Vilela Thielen / Salud de los ríos, salud de los pueblos y de lo planeta: una análisis del documental Saúde! Velho Chico, de Stella Oswaldo Cruz Penido y Eduardo Vilela Thielen

Análise do documentário Saúde! Velho Chico, de Stella Oswaldo Cruz Penido e Eduardo Vilela Thielen, tomando-o como registro, a um só tempo, dos padrões históricos de interação com o Rio São Francisco e de alternativas capazes de construir uma relação mais sinérgica e sustentável com as águas fluviais. O filme contrapõe as metanarrativas do desenvolvimento ­ legitimadoras de intervenções como hidrelétricas, barragens, projetos de irrigação para a agricultura industrial e o controverso projeto de sua transposição ­ a formas de relação estabelecidas pelas diversas populações ribeirinhas, das quais a vida, o corpo e as culturas são construídos em estreita simbiose com o rio.

This review analyzes the documentary Saúde! Velho Chico, scripted and directed by Stella Oswaldo Cruz Penido and Eduardo Vilela Thielen, taking it as a record of the historical patterns of interaction with the Rio São Francisco (São Francisco River) and at the same time of alternatives based on the building of more synergistic and sustainable relationships with river waters. In this sense, the film contrasts the metanarratives of development ­ which legitimize interventions such as hydroelectric dams, irrigation projects for industrial agriculture as well as the controversial transfer of the São Francisco River project ­ with relationships established by the riverside populations, who have a close symbiosis between their life, body and cultures and the river.

Análisis del documental Saúde! Velho Chico, con guión y dirección de Stella Oswaldo Cruz Penido y Eduardo Vilela Thielen, entendido como un registro, al mismo tiempo, de los patrones históricos de interacción con el Rio São Francisco (río San Francisco) y de alternativas capaces de construir una relación más sinérgica y sostenible con las aguas de los ríos. La película contrasta las metanarrativas del desarrollo ­ que legitiman intervenciones como represas hidroeléctricas, proyectos de riego para la agricultura industrial y el controvertido proyecto de transposición del río ­ con formas de relación establecidas por las diversas poblaciones ribereñas, que tienen la vida, el cuerpo y las culturas en estrecha simbiosis con el río.

Nishida procedure associated with botulinum toxin in a long-standing complete bilateral sixth cranial nerve palsy. / Procedimiento de Nishida asociado a toxina botulínica en parálisis completa del sexto par craneal bilateral de larga evolución.

In severe cases of abducens or sixth cranial nerve palsy, transpositions of the superior rectus and inferior rectus into the paralytic lateral rectus have been demonstrated to be useful. Numerous techniques have been described over time to carry out these transpositions, such as the Hummelsheim, O'Connor, Jensen, Foster, or Nishida technique. The first 4 techniques mentioned above have an increased risk of anterior segment ischaemia. The case is presented of a long-standing bilateral sixth cranial nerve palsy secondary to a severe cranial injury. Given the risk of ischaemia of the anterior segment, the Nishida technique was chosen in order to reduce the risk of suffering from this complication. This is combined with botulinum toxin in both middle rectus to try to resolve the muscle contracture associated with the long evolution of the case, obtaining good results at 6, and 12 months after the surgical procedure.

Long term outcomes of strabismus surgery for third nerve palsy.

PURPOSE: To report long-term outcomes of strabismus surgery for treatment of third nerve palsy. METHODS: We performed a 15-year retrospective study of patients who had undergone surgery. We analyzed preoperative mean deviation (at 6 months, 1 year after surgery, and at the end of follow-up), type of surgery, and factors predicting outcomes. A final deviation <10 prism diopters (pd) was considered a good esthetic outcome, and no diplopia in the primary position at the end of follow-up was considered a good functional outcome. RESULTS: Surgery was performed in 31 cases. Mean age was 36.27 years (women, 51.6%). Total and complete third nerve palsy was recorded in 22.6% and acquired palsy in 80.6%. Mean preoperative horizontal deviation (HD) in primary position was 40.24pd (near) and 44.29 (distance) and 14.33pd in vertical deviation (VD). Mean final HD was 8.94pd (near) and 11.35pd (distance), and mean final VD was 6.13. One surgery was performed in 68.9%. A favorable esthetic outcome was obtained in 64.5% and a successful functional outcome in 72.2%. Statistically significant differences were found between near HD (p=0.019) and distance HD (p=0.035) at 1 year compared with the end of follow-up and between VD at 6 months and 1 year after surgery (p=0.03). Mean follow-up was 6.05 years. No specific factors predicted a successful outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Esthetic and functional results were similar. No predictors of successful outcome were identified. HD was better 1 year after surgery, and VD improved during follow-up.

El grupo focal como el elemento central en el proceso de la transposición didáctica de los saberes a enseñarse / The focus group as a core element in the didactic transposition process of knowledges to be taught / O grupo focal como elemento central no processo de transposição didática dos saberes a ensinar

Objetivo: identificar qual é o elemento central que ajuda aos Professores em Formação Inicial (PFI) a realizarem a transposição didática dos saberes a ensinar. Método: nesta pesquisa participaram três PFI do curso de Educação Física da Universidade Federal da Paraíba-Brasil. As técnicas de coleta de dados foram: observação participante, grupo focal e análise de documentos escritos. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizada a técnica de análise categorial de conteúdo por temática. Resultados: identificou-se o grupo focal como o elemento central de auxílio na transposição didática dos saberes a ensinar. Conclusão: esta condição evidencia três importantes implicações para a prática pedagógica dos PFI: a coletividade, a reflexão que desencadeia a ação e a permanência do estado reflexivo.

Objective: To identify which is the central element helping new trainee teachers (PFI, from its Portuguese initials) to carry out the didactic transposition of knowledge to be taught. Method: Three PFIs participated in the Physics Education Course of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Participant observation, focus group, and written documents were the data recollection techniques. To analyze data, the content analysis technique of categorical type by subject was used. Results: The Focus Group was identified as the central aid element in the didactic transposition of knowledge to be taught. Conclusions: This condition demonstrates three important implications to the pedagogical practice of PFIs: the collectivity, the reflection that triggers action, and the continuity of the reflexive state.

Objetivo: identificar cual es el elemento central que auxilia a los profesores en formación inicial (PFI) que realicen la transposición didáctica de los saberes a enseñarse. Método: en la investigación participaron tres PFI del curso de Educación Física de la Universidad Federal de Paraíba. Las técnicas de recolección de datos fueron: observación participante, grupo focal y documentos escritos. Para analizar los datos fue utilizada la técnica de análisis de contenidos del tipo categorial por temática. Resultados: se identificó el Grupo focal como el elemento central de auxilio en la transposición didáctica de los saberes a enseñarse. Conclusión: esta condición demuestra tres importantes implicaciones para la práctica pedagógica de los PFI: la colectividad, la reflexión que desencadena la acción y la permanencia del estado reflexivo.

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great vessels: evaluation with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging after double-switch repair. / Transposición congénitamente corregida de grandes arterias: valoración por resonancia magnética cardíaca tras corrección anatómica tipo "doble switch".

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great vessels implies double discordance: atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial. We present cardiac magnetic resonance images from a 9-year-old girl with congenitally corrected transposition of the great vessels, interventricular communication, and coarctation of the aorta who was treated with pulmonary artery banding, correction of coarctation, and posterior double switch. We also review the disease and the complications that should be evaluated after the surgical intervention.

Representações da transposição do rio São Francisco na imprensa paraibana / Representations of transposition São Francisco River in the state of Paraíba press / Representaciones de la transposición del río San Francisco en la prensa de Pará

O presente estudo objetivou conhecer as representações sociais da transposição do rio São Francisco no Jornal da Paraíba entre 1999 e 2008. A coleta foi realizada no site do jornal, perfazendo um total de 1.346 reportagens. Para tratamento dos dados foi utilizado o software Alceste. Os resultados mostram discursos contra e a favor do projeto nos governos FHC e Lula. Os discursos contra o projeto dirigem-se ao estado degradado do rio São Francisco objetivado numa pessoa doente. Entidades civis e religiosas são os principais representantes desses discursos. Proferido por políticos, os discursos a favor do projeto ancoram-se no fenômeno da seca. A vazão do rio para saciar a sede e desenvolvimento econômico são elementos representacionais, que objetivados no nordestino retirante, defendem a transposição. Percebe-se então representações distintas nos dois governos, devendo ser entendidas juntamente aos grupos que as disseminam

This study aimed to identify the social representations of the São Francisco transposition in the Journal of Paraíba between 1999 and 2008. Data collection was conducted on the newspaper's website, in a total of 1346 reports. Data collected was analyzed by Alceste software. Results show speeches in favor and against the project during the FHC and Lula administrations. The speeches against the project are directed to the degraded state of the São Francisco River objectified in a sick person. Civil and religious entities are the main representatives of these speeches. Delivered by politicians, speeches in favor anchor in the drought phenomenon. The flow of the river to quench their thirst and economic development are representational elements, which objectified in the Northeast migrant, defend the transposition. Distinct representations in the two governments are then perceived, and it should be understood considering the groups which disseminates each representation

El presente estudio objetivó conocer las representaciones sociales de la transposición del río São Francisco en el diario Jornal da Paraíba entre 1999 y 2008. La recolección fue realizada en el sitio del periódico, totalizando un total de 1346 reportajes. Para el tratamiento de los datos se utilizó el software Alceste. Los resultados muestran discursos contra y a favor del proyecto en los gobiernos FHC y Lula. Los discursos contra el proyecto se dirigen al estado degradado del río San Francisco objetivado en una persona enferma. Entidades civiles y religiosas son los principales representantes de esos discursos Proferido por políticos, los discursos a favor del proyecto se apoyan en el fenómeno de la sequía. El caudal del río para saciar la sed y el desarrollo económico son elementos representacionales, que objetivados en el nordestino desplazado, defienden la transposición. Se percibe entonces representaciones distintas en los dos gobiernos, debiendo ser entendidas junto a los grupos que las diseminan

Cerebral oximetry monitoring in the management of severe hypoxaemia associated with transposition of the great arteries with balloon atrial septostomy. / Monitorización de la oximetría cerebral en el manejo de la hipoxemia severa asociada a la transposición de grandes arterias mediante atrioseptostomía con balón.

Transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA) is one of the most common congenital heart diseases requiring neonatal surgical intervention. In the desperately ill neonate with TGA and the resultant hypoxaemia, acidemia, and congestive heart failure, improvement is often obtained with balloon atrial septostomy (BAS). Current methods employed to evaluate oxygen delivery and tissue consumption are frequently nonspecific. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) allows a continuous non-invasive measurement of tissue oxygenation which reflects perfusion status in real time. Because little is known about the direct effect of BAS on the neonatal brain and on cerebral oxygenation, we measured the effectiveness of BAS in two patients with D-TGA using NIRS before and after BAS. We concluded BAS improves cerebral oxygen saturation in neonates with D-TGA.

Cirugía de reparación biventricular en pacientes con transposición de los grandes vasos, comunicación interventricular y estenosis pulmonar: ¿Rastelli, Nikaidoh, REV? / Biventricular Repair in Patients with Transposition of the Great Arteries, Ventricular Septal Defect and Pulmonary Stenosis: Rastelli, Nikaidoh or REV Procedures?

Introducción: La corrección biventricular de la transposición de los grandes vasos con comunicación interventricular y estenosis pulmonar incluye las cirugías de Rastelli, REV (reparation a l'etage ventriculaire) y Nikaidoh. El tratamiento de elección aún es controversial, dada la gran variabilidad anatómica de esta entidad y los resultados subóptimos de las diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas propuestas. Objetivos: 1. Evaluar los resultados de las cirugías de corrección biventricular realizadas en nuestro hospital en los pacientes con transposición de los grandes vasos con comunicación interventricular y estenosis pulmonar. 2. Comparar las cirugías de Rastelli y Nikaidoh en términos de morbimortalidad en el subgrupo de pacientes con comunicación interventricular no relacionada con la aorta. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron 76 pacientes operados durante el período 1991-2015 en nuestro centro con técnica de Rastelli [n = 60 (78,9%)], Nikaidoh [n = 13 (17%)] y REV [n = 3 (4%)]. Resultados: En el posquirúrgico inmediato, 24 pacientes tuvieron disfunción ventricular, 18 arritmias y 11 estenosis subaórtica. Ninguno presentó insuficiencia aórtica significativa. En la evolución, con un tiempo medio de seguimiento de 9,9 años (± 6 años), 52 pacientes desarrollaron disfunción del conducto ventrículo derecho-arteria pulmonar, 14 pacientes obstrucción al tracto de salida ventricular izquierdo, 12 pacientes arritmias y 1 paciente insuficiencia aórtica moderada. La sobrevida alejada a los 5 y 10 años fue del 96% y a los 15 años, del 92%. El 55% de los pacientes requirieron reintervención a los 6,2 años (± 5), principalmente por disfunción del conducto ventrículo derecho-arteria pulmonar (77%). Murieron 9 pacientes, 7 de ellos en el posquirúrgico inmediato. La mortalidad se asoció con comunicación interventricular no relacionada con la aorta (p = 0,02) y con disfunción ventricular (p = 0,02), arritmias (p = 0,01) y reoperaciones (p = 0,0000) en el posquirúrgico inmediato. En el grupo de pacientes con comunicación interventricular no relacionada con la aorta, la cirugía de Rastelli presentó mayor mortalidad (p = 0,01) y obstrucción subaórtica en el posquirúrgico inmediato (p = 0,04) y alejado (p = 0,01) que la de Nikaidoh. Conclusiones: - Los pacientes con cirugía de Rastelli, Nikaidoh y REV tienen buena sobrevida alejada. - Las reintervenciones son frecuentes (55%), principalmente por disfunción del conducto ventrículo derecho-arteria pulmonar. - En los pacientes con comunicación interventricular no relacionada con la aorta, la cirugía de Nikaidoh surge como mejor opción terapéutica que la de Rastelli.