Marco de trabajo para la práctica de la terapia ocupacional. Evolución histórica / Occupational therapy practice framework. Historical evolution

La AOTA ha publicado la Cuarta Edición del Marco de Trabajo para la Práctica de la terapia ocupacional: Dominio y Proceso. En este artículo vamos a hacer un recorrido por su historia desde el primer Marco de Trabajo publicado en el año 2002 pasando por cada una de sus revisiones realizadas cada 5 años hasta llegar a este cuarto Marco de Trabajo publicado el pasado año 2020. El objetivo es poder conocer tanto sus inicios como la evolución del mismo para lo que nos remontaremos a sus antecedentes: la Terminología Uniforme. (AU)

The objective is to be able to know both its beginnings and its evolution for which we will go back to its antecedents: the Uniform Terminology. The AOTA has published the Fourth Edition of the Framework for the Practice of Occupational Therapy: Domain and Process. In this article we are going to go through its history from the first Framework published in 2002, focusing on each review carried out every 5 years, ending with this fourth Framework published in 2020. The objective is to know both its beginnings and its evolution, and we go back to its antecedents: the Uniform Terminology. (AU)

Admission of men in nursing undergraduation in Brazil: Uniform and Professional Identity / Admisión de hombres en la licenciatura de Enfermería en Brasil: Uniforme e Identidad Profesional / Ingresso de homens na Graduação em Enfermagem: Uniforme e Identidade Professional

Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el papel del uniforme en el proceso de transformación de la identidad profesional de la enfermería tras la entrada de hombres en la Escuela de Enfermería Anna Nery. Referencial teórico y método: Estudio histórico-social, cualitativo. Utilizando fuentes escritas, fotográficas y orales (técnica Historia Oral temática), con veinte informantes. Como referencial teóricose manejaron los conceptos de identidad de Claude Dubar y Roland Barthes relacionado con vestuarios y significados simbólicos. Resultados: La primera escuela que implementó la Enfermería Moderna en Brasil fue Anna Nery, liderado por la Fundación Rockefeller. Las modificaciones en la selección de enfermería de pregrado (1960), condujeron a romper el modelo social y pedagógico de la Escuela, que formaba exclusivamente a mujeres. El ingreso del hombre, en la promoción de 1971, alteró el proceso de construcción en relación con la identidad profesional, que significaban los uniformes y rituales para su uso, una estrategia de control jerárquico y disciplinario. Conclusiones: Los uniformes perdieron su fuerza simbólica como elemento distintivo de los estudiantes de esta institución en la sociedad. A la vez que mantuvieron su función de identificar a un grupo e influir en la construcción de la identidad profesional de los enfermeros.(AU)

Objective: This study aims to analyse the role of the uniform in the process of transforming the professional identity of nursing after the entry of men into the Anna Nery School of Nursing. Theoretical reference and method: Historical-social, qualitative study. Using written, photographic and oral sources (thematic oral history technique), with twenty informants. As a theoretical reference, the concepts of identity of Claude Dubar and Roland Barthes related to costumes and symbolic meanings were used. Results: The first school to implement Modern Nursing in Brazil was Anna Nery, led by the Rockefeller Foundation. Changes in the selection of undergraduate nurses (1960) led to a break with the social and pedagogical model of the School, which trained exclusively women. The entry of men, in the 1971 promotion, altered the construction process in relation to professional identity, which meant uniforms and rituals for their use, a strategy of hierarchical and disciplinary control. Conclusions: The uniforms lost their symbolic force as a distinctive element of the students of this institution in society. At the same time, they maintained their function of identifying a group and influencing the construction of the professional identity of nurses.(AU)

Objetivo: Este estudo visa analisar opapel do uniforme no processo detransformação da identidade profissional daenfermagem após a entrada dos homens naEscola de Enfermagem Anna Nery.Referência teórica e método: Estudohistórico-social, qualitativo. Utilizandofontes escritas, fotográficas e orais (técnicade História Oral temática), com vinteinformantes. Como referência teórica, foramutilizados os conceitos de identidade deClaude Dubar e Roland Barthes relacionadosa fantasias e significados simbólicos.Resultados: A primeira escola a implementara Enfermagem Moderna no Brasil foi AnnaNery, liderada pela Fundação Rockefeller. As mudanças na seleção de enfermeiras degraduação (1960) levaram a uma rupturacom o modelo social e pedagógico daEscola, que formou exclusivamentemulheres. A entrada dos homens, na classede 1971, alterou o processo de construçãoem relação à identidade profissional, o quesignificou uniformes e rituais para seu uso,uma estratégia de controle hierárquico edisciplinar. Conclusões: Os uniformesperderam sua força simbólica comoelemento distintivo dos estudantes destainstituição na sociedade. Ao mesmo tempo,eles mantiveram sua função de identificarum grupo e influenciar a construção daidentidade profissional dos enfermeiros.

Landscape trajectory of natural boreal forest loss as an impediment to green infrastructure.

Loss of natural forests by forest clearcutting has been identified as a critical conservation challenge worldwide. This study addressed forest fragmentation and loss in the context of the establishment of a functional green infrastructure as a spatiotemporally connected landscape-scale network of habitats enhancing biodiversity, favorable conservation status, and ecosystem services. Through retrospective analysis of satellite images, we assessed a 50- to 60-year spatiotemporal clearcutting impact trajectory on natural and near-natural boreal forests across a sizable and representative region from the Gulf of Bothnia to the Scandinavian Mountain Range in northern Fennoscandia. This period broadly covers the whole forest clearcutting period; thus, our approach and results can be applied to comprehensive impact assessment of industrial forest management. The entire study region covers close to 46,000 km2 of forest-dominated landscape in a late phase of transition from a natural or near-natural to a land-use modified state. We found a substantial loss of intact forest, in particular of large, contiguous areas, a spatial polarization of remaining forest on regional scale where the inland has been more severely affected than the mountain and coastal zones, and a pronounced impact on interior forest core areas. Salient results were a decrease in area of the largest intact forest patch from 225,853 to 68,714 ha in the mountain zone and from 257,715 to 38,668 ha in the foothills zone, a decrease from 75% to 38% intact forest in the inland zones, a decrease in largest patch core area (assessed by considering 100-m patch edge disturbance) from 6114 to 351 ha in the coastal zone, and a geographic imbalance in protected forest with an evident predominance in the mountain zone. These results demonstrate profound disturbance of configuration of the natural forest landscape and disrupted connectivity, which challenges the establishment of functional green infrastructure. Our approach supports the identification of forests for expanded protection and conservation-oriented forest landscape restoration.

Smooth pursuit eye movements and schizophrenia: literature review.

OBJECTIVE: To review the scientific literature about the relationship between impairment on smooth pursuit eye movements and schizophrenia. METHODS: Narrative review that includes historical articles, reports about basic and clinical investigation, systematic reviews, and meta-analysis on the topic. RESULTS: Up to 80% of schizophrenic patients have impairment of smooth pursuit eye movements. Despite the diversity of test protocols, 65% of patients and controls are correctly classified by their overall performance during this pursuit. The smooth pursuit eye movements depend on the ability to anticipate the target's velocity and the visual feedback, as well as on learning and attention. The neuroanatomy implicated in smooth pursuit overlaps to some extent with certain frontal cortex zones associated with some clinical and neuropsychological characteristics of the schizophrenia, therefore some specific components of smooth pursuit anomalies could serve as biomarkers of the disease. Due to their sedative effect, antipsychotics have a deleterious effect on smooth pursuit eye movements, thus these movements cannot be used to evaluate the efficacy of the currently available treatments. CONCLUSION: Standardized evaluation of smooth pursuit eye movements on schizophrenia will allow to use specific aspects of that pursuit as biomarkers for the study of its genetics, psychopathology, or neuropsychology.

Alterações bioquímicas de plantas e morfológicas de gemas de cafeeiro associadas a eventos do florescimento em resposta a elementos meteorológicos / Biochemical alterations of plants and bud morphology of coffee tree associated to events on flowering in response to meteorological elements

O florescimento do cafeeiro envolve diversos fatores, tanto da planta como do ambiente. A compreensão das interações entre esses fatores pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de práticas de manejo mais dequadas, principalmente em relação à irrigação. Tais práticas podem vir a promover uma uniformização da floração, conseqüentemente uniformização da maturação dos frutos, minimizando os custos de produção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar alterações morfológicas de gemas, síntese de prolina e de ácido abscísico em plantas de cafeeiros em resposta a elementos meteorológicos, visando assim contribuir para o conhecimento de fatores que influenciam a uniformização da floração. Foram feitas análises, por meio de técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura, em gemas de ramos plagiotrópicos de primeira ordem, coletadas semanalmente durante o período de novembro/04 a fevereiro/05. No período de julho a setembro de 2005, foram realizadas avaliações em plantas irrigadas e não-irrigadas, de potencial hídrico foliar antes do amanhecer e teor de prolina, em folhas totalmente expandidas, posicionadas em ramos do terço superior da copa. Foi também avaliado o teor de ácido abscísico na seiva do xilema e nas gemas florais. Os resultados mostram modificações na estrutura das gemas associadas a um período de déficit hídrico seguido de precipitação e, conseqüentemente, de menor amplitude térmica. Em relação ao potencial hídrico, há diferenças entre os tratamentos irrigado e não-irrigado e foram observados valores entre -0,3 e -0,8MPa e -0,6 e -1,5MPa respectivamente. Os maiores valores de teores de prolina e de ABA correspondem a períodos de menor oferta de precipitação, entretanto, não há uma relação direta entre a síntese destes compostos e as fases do florescimento avaliadas.

Flowering on coffee plants involves several aspects from the plant as well as from the environment. Understanding these interactions can enhance the knowledge and promote better handling of the crop in field, mainly related to irrigation to promote synchronized flowering and consequently the uniform fruit maturation, lowering the production costs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate bud morphology, proline and abscisic acic biosynthesis on coffee plants under different environmental conditions in order to contribute to the knowledge in factors that influence flowering synchronization. Scanning electron microscopic was performed on buds of plagiotropic shoots weekly collected from November/04 to February/05. Predawn water potential and proline content analysis were carried out from July to September/05 using complete superior third expanded leaves from plagiotropic shoots of non and irrigated plants. Abcisic acid content was also evaluated in xylem sap and on flower buds. The results show alterations on bud morphology associated to the period of water deficit followed by precipitation and also, consequently, lower thermic amplitude. Regarding to the water potential, differences could be observed in the treatments having -0.3 and 0.8MPa for irrigated and -0.6 and -1.5MPa for non-irrigated plants. The highest proline and abcisic acid content are related to dryer period, however there is no direct relationship between these biosynthesis compounds and the different flowering stages evaluated.