Responsible Consumption and Production in the Anthropocene: Animal Ethics and the Sustainable Development Goals / Consum i Producció Responsable a l'Antropocè: Ètica Animal i els Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible / Consumo y Producción Responsable en el Antropoceno: Ética Animal y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a call for action to governments, organizations and civil society, a call for addressing the environmental and social problems of the 21st century. However, the 2030 Agenda does not focus on animal ethics as one of the keys to addressing these critical issues. The different ethical approaches to the moral status of non-human animals justify the transition to plant-based diets, not only because of the ecological and geological consequences of animal-product consumption but also in accordance with the principles of justice. This work highlights the consequences of animal-product consumption in the Anthropocene. The human being has become a geological force: The Anthropocene is the new geological epoch triggered by human activity that replaces the Holocene. Its effects have a major impact on biodiversity, deforestation, water resources, climate and health. This paper explores the need to develop a normative criterion for technology use to protect the moral status of non-human animals: technological innovation should be focused on the development of animal source foods alternatives.(AU)

Los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) son un llamado a la acción para los gobiernos, organizaciones y sociedad civil; un llamamiento para abordar los problemas ambientales y sociales del siglo XXI. Sin embargo, la Agenda 2030 no se centra en la ética animal como una de las claves para tratar estos temas tan críticos. Los diferentes enfoques éticos sobre el estatus moral de los animales no-humanos justifican la transición hacia dietas basadas en alimentos vegetales, no solo por las consecuencias ecológicas y geológicas del consumo de productos animales, sino también en concordancia con los principios de justicia. Este trabajo pretende destacar las consecuencias del consumo de productos animales en el Antropoceno. El ser humano se ha convertido en una fuerza geológica: El Antropoceno es la nueva época geológica desencadenada por la actividad humana que reemplaza al Holoceno. Sus efectos tienen un gran impacto sobrela biodiversidad, la deforestación, los recursos hídricos, el clima y la salud. Las siguientes líneas exploran la necesidad de desarrollar un criterio normativo para el uso de la tecnología para proteger el estado moral de los animales no-humanos: la innovación tecnológica debe centrarse en el desarrollo de alternativas para los alimentos de origen animal.(AU)

Els Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible (ODS) són una crida a l'acció per als governs, les organitzacions i la societat civil; una crida per abordar els problemes ambientals i socials del segle XXI. Tot i això, l'Agenda 2030 no secentra en l'ètica animal com una de les claus per tractar aquests temes tan crítics. Els diferents enfocaments ètics sobre l'estatus moral dels animals no humans justifiquen la transició cap a dietes basades en aliments vegetals, no només per les conseqüències ecològiques i geològiques del consum de productes animals, sinó també en concordança amb els principis de justícia. Aquest treball pretén destacar les conseqüències del consum de productes animals a l'Antropocè. L'ésser humà ha esdevingut una força geològica: L'Antropocè és la nova època geològica desencadenada per l'activitat humana que reemplaça l'Holocè. Els seus efectes tenen un gran impacte sobre la biodiversitat, la desforestació, els recursos hídrics, el clima i la salut. Les línies següents exploren la necessitat de desenvolupar uncriteri normatiu per a l'ús de la tecnologia per protegir l'estat moral dels animals no humans: la innovació tecnològica s'ha de centrar en el desenvolupament d'alternatives per als aliments d'origen animal.(AU)

Plant-based food patterns to stimulate muscle protein synthesis and support muscle mass in humans: a narrative review.

The interest in a diet with a higher proportion of plant-based foods to animal-based foods is a global food pattern trend. However, there are concerns regarding adopting plants as the main dietary protein source to support muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle mass. These concerns are centered on three issues: lower protein bioavailability due to antinutritional compounds in plants, lower per-serve scores of protein at similar energy intake, and amino acid scores of plants being lower than optimal. We aimed here to synthesize and discuss evidence around plant protein in human nutrition focusing on the capacity of these proteins to stimulate MPS as a key part of gaining or maintaining muscle mass. In this review, we addressed the issues of plant protein quality and provided evidence for how plant proteins can be made more effective to stimulate MPS and support muscle mass in partial or total replacement of consumption of products of animal origin. Novelty: Plant proteins are known, in general, to have lower protein quality scores than animal proteins, and this may have important implications, especially for those aiming to increase their skeletal muscle mass through exercise. A plant-based diet has been postulated to have lower protein quality limiting MPS responses and potentially compromising exercise-induced gains in muscle mass. Current evidence shows that plant proteins can stimulate MPS, as can whole foods, especially when combining food groups, increasing portion sizes, and optimizing amino acid bioavailability through processing or common preparation methods.

[What is the Optimal Nutrition for Humans?]. / Was ist die optimale Ernährung für den Menschen?

As practitioners, we are faced in practice daily with the question about the optimal diet. Nevertheless, nutrition covers only a very small part of our medical training. A look back in the history of man shows that the human body was set to a predominantly plant-based diet for millions of years. With the introduction of factory farming and industrial food processing several hundred years ago, the current Western diet has been consisting to a large extent of animal products, leading to a number of chronic diseases such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, coronary heart disease, vascular dementia, diabetes, and to an increase of cancer. Many of these diseases are preventable, some even reversible when resorting to a whole-foods plant-based diet. This review work is intended to provide the practitioner with the necessary knowledge and the scientific facts.