ABSTRACT
Insetos como abelhas, vespas e formigas da ordem Hymenoptera podem causar reações alérgicas graves e até fatais. Esses insetos possuem venenos com componentes alergênicos e os injetam por meio de suas ferroadas, que podem causar reações locais e sistêmicas. O objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma revisão sistemática de literatura sobre as reações alérgicas às ferroadas de insetos da ordem Hymenoptera, com o intuito de analisar os mecanismos imunológicos envolvidos, as manifestações clínicas, os fatores de risco, os métodos de diagnóstico, as estratégias de prevenção e as opções terapêuticas disponíveis. Trata-se então de revisão sistemática de literatura realizada em agosto de 2023. O processo envolveu seis etapas. Os artigos foram obtidos pela busca em bases de dados, utilizando descritores em Ciências da Saúde relacionados ao tema. Foram identificados inicialmente 50 artigos, no entanto, apenas 10 deles atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Para detecção das reações incluem-se testes cutâneos com venenos de Hymenoptera e análise do soro para IgE específica do veneno de Hymenoptera. Os fatores de risco que influenciam o resultado de uma reação anafilática incluem o intervalo de tempo entre as ferroadas, o número de ferroadas, a gravidade da reação anterior e o tipo de inseto. Esta revisão oferece uma visão abrangente das reações alérgicas às picadas de insetos Hymenoptera, contribuindo significativamente para o entendimento, diagnóstico e manejo dessas condições.
Insects of the order Hymenoptera such as bees, wasps, and ants can cause severe and even fatal allergic reactions. These insects have venom with allergenic components that they inject through their stingers, which can cause local and systemic reactions. This study aims to carry out a systematic literature review on allergic reactions to Hymenopteran stings, analyzing the immune mechanisms involved, clinical manifestations, risk factors, diagnostic methods, prevention strategies, and available therapeutic options. The literature review was conducted in August 2023, in a six-stage process. Articles were obtained by searching databases using Medical Subject Headings descriptors related to the topic. Initially, 50 articles were identified; however, only 10 of these met the inclusion criteria. We found that methods for detecting reactions include skin tests with Hymenopteran venoms and serum analysis for IgE specific to such venom. Risk factors that influence the outcome of anaphylactic reactions include the time interval between stings, the number of stings, the severity of the previous reaction, and the type of insect. This review provides a comprehensive overview of allergic reactions to Hymenopteran stings, contributing significantly to the understanding, diagnosis, and management of these conditions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
Animal poisons are glandular secretions that compromise biological systems. Their active biomolecules are called toxins. Many affect ion channels and ionotropic receptors, membrane proteins that control cellular ion flow. In this work a bibliographic survey was carried out about the main toxins of animal origin whose targets are ion channels. The groups with the highest toxin diversity were Conus ssp., Araneae, Scorpiones, Serpentes and Cnidaria. Toxins studies support basic and applied science. Despite their therapeutic potential, of all the studied poisons only ω-conotoxin MVIIA was approved for clinical use. So the field still has a lot to offer.
Venenos animais são secreções glandulares que comprometem sistemas biológicos. Suas biomoléculas ativas são denominadas toxinas. Muitas afetam canais iônicos e receptores ionotrópicos, proteínas de membrana que controlam o fluxo iônico celular. Neste trabalho foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico sobre as principais toxinas de origem animal cujos alvos são canais iônicos. Os grupos com maior diversidade de toxinas foram Conus ssp., Araneae, Scorpiones, Serpentes e Cnidaria. Estudos sobre toxinas auxiliam a ciência de base e aplicada. Apesar do potencial terapêutico, dentre todos os venenos estudados apenas a ω-conotoxina MVIIA obteve aprovação para o uso clinico. Portanto, o campo ainda tem muito a oferecer.
ABSTRACT
To investigate the effects of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Mikania glomerata Spreng (Asteraceae) on the activity of Bothrops jararaca snake venom in Wistar rats. METHODS: Fifty four rats Wistar were divided into six groups of nine animals in each: control treated with saline; control treated with B. jararaca venom; control treated with M. glomerata extract; B. jararaca venom incubated with M. glomerata extract at proportions of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4. RESULTS: Histopathological and morphometric analysis showed that intradermal administration of snake venom incubated with the hydroalcoholic extract at proportions of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4 promoted a significant reduction in the number of inflammatory cells and a marked decrease in edema after the third hour. There was also a significant reduction in the intensity of the hemorrhagic halo in animals receiving the snake venom incubated with the extract, with the observation of a progressive and parallel inhibition with increasing proportion of M. glomerata. CONCLUSION: The Mikania glomerata hydroalcoholic extract exerted effective anti-inflammatory and antihemorrhagic activity against the effects induced by Bothrops jararaca snake venom.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Bothrops , Shock, Hemorrhagic , Snake Venoms/analysis , Rats/classificationABSTRACT
To investigate the effects of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Mikania glomerata Spreng (Asteraceae) on the activity of Bothrops jararaca snake venom in Wistar rats. METHODS: Fifty four rats Wistar were divided into six groups of nine animals in each: control treated with saline; control treated with B. jararaca venom; control treated with M. glomerata extract; B. jararaca venom incubated with M. glomerata extract at proportions of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4. RESULTS: Histopathological and morphometric analysis showed that intradermal administration of snake venom incubated with the hydroalcoholic extract at proportions of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4 promoted a significant reduction in the number of inflammatory cells and a marked decrease in edema after the third hour. There was also a significant reduction in the intensity of the hemorrhagic halo in animals receiving the snake venom incubated with the extract, with the observation of a progressive and parallel inhibition with increasing proportion of M. glomerata. CONCLUSION: The Mikania glomerata hydroalcoholic extract exerted effective anti-inflammatory and antihemorrhagic activity against the effects induced by Bothrops jararaca snake venom.(AU)