ABSTRACT
Introduction: Viral arthropathy is an increasingly recognized sequela of several viral pathogens including alphaviruses, hepatitis, and potentially coronaviruses. Case reports of viral arthropathy and myalgia associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) both during active disease and following resolution of acute COVID-19 symptoms are becoming more prevalent. We sought to describe the prevalence of viral arthropathy and myalgia associated with COVID-19, as well as to identify factors that may predict these symptoms. Methods: A national, cross-sectional survey was conducted using a questionnaire administered online. Subjects self-reporting previous confirmed COVID-19 were recruited using the Amazon Mechanical Turk crowdsourcing platform. Questionnaire items included demographics, frequency and severity of common COVID-19 symptoms, requirement for hospitalization or mechanical ventilation, subject recall of arthropathy or myalgia onset, duration, and severity, as well as WOMAC score. Binary logistic regression was used to identify potential predictive co-variates for the development of either arthropathy or myalgia. Results: A total of 3222 participants completed the arthropathy/myalgia questionnaire with 1065 responses remaining for analysis following application of exclusion criteria, data integrity review, and omission of respondents with confounding conditions. Of the 1065 cases, 282 (26.5%) reported arthralgia and 566 (53.2%) reported myalgia at some point during or after COVID-19 with 9.9% and 6.0% reporting onset of arthralgia or myalgia, respectively, after resolution of acute COVID-19 symptoms. The presence of several commonly reported COVID symptoms or indicators of disease severity was predictive of arthralgia including hospitalization (OR 3.7; 95% CI 2.4 to 5.8), sore throat (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.5 to 3.5), fatigue (OR 2.9; 95% CI 1.7 to 4.9), and ageusia/anosmia (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.1 to 2.7). Discussion: Based on these results, new-onset arthropathy and myalgia following COVID-19 resolution may be an increasingly encountered etiology for pain.
ABSTRACT
La fiebre chikungunya es la enfermedad cuyo agente etiológico es un virus trasmitido por mosquitos. Se trata de una infección que produce un síndrome febril agudo, cefalea intensa y severos dolores articulares. Su presentación inicial es muy parecida al dengue y a otras virosis trasmitidas por artrópodos. La mayoría de las personas que se infectan manifiestan síntomas por lo que la infección asintomática es rara. Lo frecuente es un comienzo con signos de la enfermedad de 3 a 7 días después de la inoculación del virus por el mosquito hembra. La primera descripción de la enfermedad se efectuó en Tanzania en 1952, durante un brote epidémico en el sur de ese país. La fiebre chikungunya llegó a las Américas por la isla San Martin, en diciembre del año 2013, extendiéndose rápidamente por el continente y el seis junio de 2014, se identificó el primer caso en Venezuela. Se describe el agente etiológico, sus vectores, patogenia y órganos blanco, así como la epidemiología, manifestaciones y formas clínicas en los diferentes grupos etarios y en la embarazada. También se revisan los factores predictivos de la fase crónica y un resumen de las citocinas, quimiocinas e interferones para mejor comprensión de los aspectos inmunes que participan en esta patología. Se finaliza con aspectos sobre diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención de esta arbovirosis, y se completa la revisión con un caso clínico típico de la consulta de la Cátedra de Medicina Tropical, que permite una visión integral de la enfermedad.
Chikungunya's fever is a disease whose etiologic agent is a virus transmitted by mosquitoes. It is an infection that produces an acute fever, severe headache and joint pain. His initial presentation is very similar to dengue and other viral diseases transmitted by arthropods. Most people who become infected have symptoms so that asymptomatic infection is rare. Signs of the disease begin 3 to 7 days after virus inoculation by the female mosquito. The first description of the disease took place in Tanzania in 1952 during an outbreak in the south of the country. Chikungunya reached the Americas, by the San Martin island, in December 2013, spreading quickly across the continent and June 6, 2014, the first case in Venezuela was diagnosed. We are describing the etiologic agent, vectors involved, pathogenesis and organs involved. Also, epidemiology, clinical manifestations and forms in different age groups and in pregnant women. Predictors of chronic phase and a summary of cytokines, chemokines and interferons for better understanding of the immune aspects involved in this disease are also reviewed. We conclude with diagnosis, treatment and prevention, and the review is completed with a typical clinical case attended at the Tropical Medicine Department Consultation office, which permits a comprehensive view of the disease.
