Factors associated to recurrent wheezing in infants under one year of age in the province of Salamanca, Spain: Is intervention possible? A predictive model.

OBJECTIVES: Wheezing is a very common problem in infants in the first months of life. The objective of this study is to identify risk factors that may be acted upon in order to modify the evolution of recurrent wheezing in the first months of life, and to develop a model based on certain factors associated to recurrent wheezing in nursing infants capable of predicting the probability of developing recurrent wheezing in the first year of life. METHODS: The sample was drawn from a cross-sectional, multicentre, descriptive epidemiological study based on the general population. A total of 1164 children were studied, corresponding to a questionnaire response rate of 71%. The questionnaire of the Estudio Internacional de Sibilancias en Lactantes (EISL) was used. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the probability of developing recurrent wheezing and to quantify the contribution of each individual variable in the presence of the rest. RESULTS: Infants presenting eczema and attending nursery school, with a mother who has asthma, smoked during the third trimester of pregnancy, and did not consume a Mediterranean diet during pregnancy were found to have a probability of 79.7% of developing recurrent wheezing in the first year of life. In contrast, infants with none of these factors were seen to have a probability of only 4.1% of developing recurrent wheezing in the first year of life. These results in turn varied according to modifications in the risk or protective factors. CONCLUSIONS: The mathematical model estimated the probability of developing recurrent wheezing in infants under one year of age in the province of Salamanca (Spain), according to the risk or protective factors associated to recurrent wheezing to which the infants are or have been exposed.

Wheezing and risk factors in the first year of life in Cantabria, Spain. The EISL study.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of wheezing during the first year of life in Cantabria, Spain and its associated risk factors. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional, multicentre, descriptive epidemiological study was carried out in a representative sample of 958 infants in the first year of life, born in Cantabria. A previously validated and standardised written questionnaire was completed by the parents of infants seen between 12 and 15 months of age in the Primary Care Centres. RESULTS: The prevalence of wheezing was 32.7%. A relationship was found with male gender (OR 1.38, 95%CI [1.05-1.81]), the presence of a sibling (OR 2.43 [1.38-3.98]), attending nursery school (OR 2.40 [1.71-3.35]), exclusive breastfeeding for <3 months (OR 1.47 [1.12-1.93]), a first cold at ≤3 months (OR 2.07 [1.56-2.74]), asthma in siblings (OR 2.17 [1.25-3.77]), parental allergic rhinitis (OR 1.62 [1.10-2.37]) and paracetamol use >1 a week (OR 2.49 [1.31-4.73]), and maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR 2.18 [1.51-3.15]). The prevalence of recurrent wheezing (≥3 episodes) was 14.3%. Significant associations were observed with the male gender (OR 1.79 [1.23-2.60]), attending nursery school (OR 2.92 [1.96-4.35]), first cold at ≤3 months (OR 2.11 [1.46-3.04]), eczema (OR 1.92 [1.21-3.04]), maternal asthma (OR 1.77 [1.00-3.14]), exclusive breastfeeding for <3 months (OR 1.53 [1.06-2.22]), and maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR 1.53 [1.05-2.22]). CONCLUSIONS: One third of the infants experienced wheezing during the first year of life; those who were less exclusively breastfed, attended nursery school, presented eczema, family asthma or allergic rhinitis, and maternal smoking during pregnancy.

Effect of Budesonide Inhalation Suspension Treatment on Mild to Moderate Wheezing Diseases in Infants / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the effect of atomization inhaled Budesonide on mild to moderate wheezing diseases in infants.Me-thods One hundred and twenty infants in the ward of center of respiratory were divided into 2 groups randomly during Jan. to Dec.2006.They suffered from bronchiolitis(56 cases)or wheezing bronchitis(11 cases) or asthzma of infants and young children(53 cases),aged 1 month to 3 years old.On the basis of the routine treatment, Budesonide inhalation suspension was administered on the therapeutic group, the dosage of Budesonide was 0.5 mg/time(1 month to 1 year old),1.0 mg/time(1 to 3 years old),2 times/d;Dexamethasone was given in the control group,the dosage of Dexamethasone was 5.0 mg/time(1 month to 1 year old),7.5 mg/time(1 to 3 years old),2 times/d. The persistence time of clinical symptoms,signs and staying in hospital were compared after the treatment, and the pulmonary function of two groups were also compared before and after treatment.Software of SPSS 12.0 was used to analyze data.Results There were significant differences in clinical symptoms (wheeze, cough), signs(wheezing rale) and time of staying in hospital between the treatment group and control group (t=3.98,5.44,4.61,2.96 Pa