Assessment of sediment mutagenicity in areas under the influence of a contaminated site undergoing a remediation process.

Soil contamination enters aquatic ecosystems affecting sediment quality. The region studied is the Taquari River, Brazil, close to a site contaminated by wood preservatives, with a runoff route into the river. The first stage of the remediation process (In this article, the terms intervention and remediation have been used with slightly different meanings. We consider intervention to be the first phase of the remediation process, which aims to remove active sources) was an intervention to remove the main active sources. The Salmonella/microsome assay and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were used to assess sediment quality in organic extracts during different intervention phases. The strains used were TA98, TA97a, and TA100 with and without S9mix (±S9). The results indicated the presence of pro-mutagens at site Ta010 (closest to the contaminated site) in all samplings, and the highest result occurred before intervention for TA100 + S9 (1,672 ± 215.9 rev/g). These values decreased during (83 ± 23.6 rev/g) and after this process (403 ± 105.9 rev/g), although the PAHs concentrations increased. Samples from this site presented PAHs with a carcinogenic potential during the assessed periods. After intervention, Ta006 (4 km downstream from Ta010) showed the most significant mutagenesis for TA100 + S9 (764 ± 230.2 rev/g) and, although the total PAHs values were lower, the species considered carcinogenic had higher concentrations. Mutagenesis predicted values of PAHs confirmed that carcinogenic species were predominantly detected by TA100, and the other PAHs by TA97a strains. Marked contaminant release to the river was observed, mainly in Ta010 at different periods. Mutagenicity and PAHs values in an internal stream, upstream from Ta010, showed a dispersion route of these agents. Thus, contamination in Ta010 and possible contribution to Ta006, after intervention, provides a warning regarding environmental quality in the region. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:625-638, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Industrias madeireias de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil

A survey was carried out in the wood industries of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, where 20 furniture factories, eleven sawmills and six plywood mills were investigated, mainly to evaluate the use of wood preservatives, storage, drying and utilisation efficiency of raw material, including waste. Only four furniture factories used wood preservatives and all the plywood mills used the preservatives added to the resin-glue, thus restricting this product to the glue line. Log storage is in water and/or log yards, in which case, the logs arc piled up in direct contact with the ground. The majority of the industries do not use correct drying procedures, with artificial drying restricted to the plywood mills and two sawmills. Only two furniture factories used solar dryers. There is an enormous wastage of raw material and almost no use of residues, which arc normally used in power generation and pottery and bakery ovens.

Este trabalhoeresultante de uma pesquisa realizada cm indústrias madeireiras da cidade de Manaus, envolvendo 20 movelarias, onze serrarias e seis fábricas de compensados, onde foram focalizados, principalmente, o uso de produtos preservantes de madeira, estocagem, secagem da madeira e aproveitamento da matéria-prima. Desse universo, constatou-se que apenas 4 movelarias utilizam preservantes e que as seis fábricas de compensados usam este produto, misturando-o ao adesivo, restringindo o seu uso à linha dc cola. Constatou-se também que a estocagem das toras é feita dentro da água e/ou no pátio. Neste caso, são empilhadas umas sobre as outras c em contato direto com o solo. A maioria das indústrias não utiliza uma secagem adequada, sendo que a secagem artificial, a alta temperatura, é restrita às indústrias de compensado e à duas serrarias. No setor moveleiro apenas duas fábricas fazem uso do secador solar. Verificou-se também um desperdício muito grande da matéria prima, havendo pouco aproveitamento dos resíduos da madeira, que em geral são utilizados na geração de energia em caldeira e em fornos de olarias e padarias.

Industrias madeireias de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil

A survey was carried out in the wood industries of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, where 20 furniture factories, eleven sawmills and six plywood mills were investigated, mainly to evaluate the use of wood preservatives, storage, drying and utilisation efficiency of raw material, including waste. Only four furniture factories used wood preservatives and all the plywood mills used the preservatives added to the resin-glue, thus restricting this product to the glue line. Log storage is in water and/or log yards, in which case, the logs arc piled up in direct contact with the ground. The majority of the industries do not use correct drying procedures, with artificial drying restricted to the plywood mills and two sawmills. Only two furniture factories used solar dryers. There is an enormous wastage of raw material and almost no use of residues, which arc normally used in power generation and pottery and bakery ovens.

Este trabalhoeresultante de uma pesquisa realizada cm indústrias madeireiras da cidade de Manaus, envolvendo 20 movelarias, onze serrarias e seis fábricas de compensados, onde foram focalizados, principalmente, o uso de produtos preservantes de madeira, estocagem, secagem da madeira e aproveitamento da matéria-prima. Desse universo, constatou-se que apenas 4 movelarias utilizam preservantes e que as seis fábricas de compensados usam este produto, misturando-o ao adesivo, restringindo o seu uso à linha dc cola. Constatou-se também que a estocagem das toras é feita dentro da água e/ou no pátio. Neste caso, são empilhadas umas sobre as outras c em contato direto com o solo. A maioria das indústrias não utiliza uma secagem adequada, sendo que a secagem artificial, a alta temperatura, é restrita às indústrias de compensado e à duas serrarias. No setor moveleiro apenas duas fábricas fazem uso do secador solar. Verificou-se também um desperdício muito grande da matéria prima, havendo pouco aproveitamento dos resíduos da madeira, que em geral são utilizados na geração de energia em caldeira e em fornos de olarias e padarias.