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1.
Nutr. hosp ; 34(supl.4): 68-71, 2017.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-168831

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la energía y los nutrientes que obtenemos a través de la alimentación ejercen un papel importante en el desarrollo y preservación del sistema inmune, por lo que cualquier desequilibrio nutricional en el individuo afecta a su competencia e integridad. Objetivos: conocer el abordaje nutricional sobre diferentes trastornos del sistema inmune. Métodos: se ha realizado una revisión sobre los trastornos inmunológicos de mayor prevalencia en países desarrollados, las características nutricionales a los que se encuentran asociados y su abordaje nutricional. Resultados: el abordaje nutricional de los trastornos inmunológicos se ha centrado en los últimos años en los AGP-ω3 y la vitamina D. Mantener el peso corporal, evitar estados de desnutrición y catabolismo proteico, son estrategias clave del tratamiento nutricional. Este debe adecuarse a cada fase de la enfermedad, por lo que se trata de un proceso dinámico. Conclusiones: el abordaje nutricional de los trastornos inmunológicos, sobre todo en las enfermedades autoinmunes, no siempre es del todo claro, debido a los estados agudos y de remisión que presentan. La anorexia es uno de los síntomas más característicos, derivada del tratamiento farmacológico y el proceso inflamatorio. La dieta debe contener una elevada densidad en nutrientes que eviten el deterioro. El abordaje nutricional de los trastornos inmunológicos debe tener como objetivo mantener un estado óptimo de nutrición durante los periodos sintomáticos, prevenir su deterioro durante los episodios agudos y mejorarlo durante los periodos estables libres de sintomatología (AU)


Introduction: Energy and nutrients obtained through food play an important role in the development and preservation of the immune system therefore any nutritional imbalance affects its competence and integrity. Objectives: knowing the nutritional approach on different disorders of the immune system. Methods: A review has been carried out on the most prevalent immunological disorders in developed countries, the nutritional characteristics to which they are associated and their nutritional approach. Results: Nutritional treatment for immune disorders has focused in recent years on the role of PUFA-ω3 and vitamin D. Maintaining body weight, preventing malnutrition and protein catabolism are key strategies for nutritional treatment. This should be adapted to each disease stage because it is a dynamic process. Conclusions: Nutritional treatment for immunological disorders, especially in autoimmune diseases, is not always clear because they present acute and remission states. Anorexia is one of the most characteristic symptoms derived mainly from pharmacological treatment and inflammatory processes. Diet should be dense in nutrients that prevent deterioration. Nutritional treatment of immunological disorders should aim to maintain an optimal state of nutrition during symptomatic periods, prevent their deterioration during acute episodes and improve during stable periods free of symptoms (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Immune System Diseases/diet therapy , Vitamin D/therapeutic use , Nutritional Status/immunology , Immune System , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diet therapy , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diet therapy , Multiple Sclerosis/diet therapy , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diet therapy
2.
Trop Med Int Health ; 16(6): 699-706, 2011 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21418447

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of nutritional supplementation on the outcome and nutritional status of south Indian patients with tuberculosis (TB) with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection on anti-tuberculous therapy. METHOD: Randomized controlled trial on the effect of a locally prepared cereal-lentil mixture providing 930 kcal and a multivitamin micronutrient supplement during anti-tuberculous therapy in 81 newly diagnosed TB alone and 22 TB-HIV-coinfected patients, among whom 51 received and 52 did not receive the supplement. The primary outcome evaluated at completion of TB therapy was outcome of TB treatment, as classified by the national programme. Secondary outcomes were body composition, compliance and condition on follow-up 1 year after cessation of TB therapy and supplementation. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in TB outcomes at the end of treatment, but HIV-TB coinfected individuals had four times greater odds of poor outcome than those with TB alone. Among patients with TB, 1/35 (2.9%) supplemented and 5/42(12%) of those not supplemented had poor outcomes, while among TB-HIV-coinfected individuals, 4/13 (31%) supplemented and 3/7 (42.8%) non-supplemented patients had poor outcomes at the end of treatment, and the differences were more marked after 1 year of follow-up. Although there was some trend of benefit for both TB alone and TB-HIV coinfection, the results were not statistically significant at the end of TB treatment, possibly because of limited sample size. CONCLUSION: Nutritional supplements in patients are a potentially feasible, low-cost intervention, which could impact patients with TB and TB-HIV. The public health importance of these diseases in resource-limited settings suggests the need for large, multi-centre randomized control trials on nutritional supplementation.


Subject(s)
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diet therapy , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Dietary Supplements , Tuberculosis/diet therapy , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Adult , Body Composition , Combined Modality Therapy/methods , Directly Observed Therapy , Female , Humans , Male , Nutritive Value , Pilot Projects , Treatment Outcome , Tuberculosis/drug therapy
3.
J Cutan Pathol ; 29(7): 439-44, 2002 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12139640

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although a range of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-induced cutaneous manifestations is described in AIDS patients, skin involvement in immunocompromised patients is rare, and intraneural CMV inclusions or CMV neuritis has not been documented in skin biopsies. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cutaneous biopsies of CMV lesions were collected prospectively for 12 months. The morphology, sites and symptomatology of the individual lesions, associated systemic illnesses, treatment schedules and disease outcome were recorded. A total of nine biopsies were obtained from three females who presented with extensive painful perineal ulceration and disseminated cutaneous ulcers, nodules and plaques. Clinically, herpes simplex virus (HSV) ulceration was diagnosed and treatment with acyclovir was initiated after biopsies from the natal cleft, perineum and neck were obtained. All were superficial and demonstrated HSV infection. Only the natal cleft biopsy demonstrated coexistent CMV inclusions. Suboptimal healing necessitated two further biopsies from each patient, none of which demonstrated HSV inclusions. Three of four deep perineal biopsies demonstrated CMV inclusions within nerves attended by a lymphocytic infiltrate and architectural disturbances. Two deep cutaneous biopsies of the trunk and abdominal wall confirmed CMV in extraneural locations only. One superficial perineal biopsy did not demonstrate any viral inclusion. CONCLUSIONS: In documenting CMV neuritis in painful perineal ulcers, the histopathological spectrum of perineal CMV ulcers is expanded, a cutaneous neurotropic characteristic of CMV is presented and a direct role for CMV in the pathogenesis of pain is suggested. CMV latency within perineal nerves is also revisited as another potential site of CMV reactivation in immunocompromised patients, and another potential site for possible venereal transmission of CMV infection. The exclusive presence of HSV in initial superficial biopsies highlights the need for optimally biopsied tissue to confirm the coexistence of CMV infection.


Subject(s)
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/complications , Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications , Neuritis/etiology , Perineum/pathology , Skin Ulcer/etiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diet therapy , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/pathology , Acyclovir/therapeutic use , Adult , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Cytomegalovirus/immunology , Cytomegalovirus/isolation & purification , Cytomegalovirus Infections/drug therapy , Cytomegalovirus Infections/pathology , Female , Humans , Immunocompromised Host , Immunohistochemistry , Neuritis/drug therapy , Neuritis/pathology , Perineum/innervation , Prospective Studies , Skin Ulcer/drug therapy , Skin Ulcer/pathology , Treatment Outcome
4.
Pediátrika (Madr.) ; 20(7): 257-263, jul. 2000. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-12053

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: La desnutrición es un problema frecuente y precoz en niños infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). El origen de esta complicación es multifactorial y el mecanismo primario es todavía desconocido. Estudiamos la relación del estado nutricional con el recuento de linfocitos CD4+; revisamos la etiología de la desnutrición, las bases para un soporte nutricional adecuado y su relación con la progresión y supervivencia de los pacientes con SIDA (Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida).Material y métodos: Aportamos 2 casos (1 hombre y 1 mujer), ambos en edad pediátrica, diagnosticados de SIDA en el primer año de vida, en el Hospital Infantil "La Paz". Hemos estudiado los datos antropométricos y los parámetros inmunológicos.Resultados: Caso 1. Niña de 7 años de edad que muestra un peso por encima del percentil 97 para su edad. Los incrementos de peso observados se han relacionado con recuentos más elevados de linfocitos CD4+ desde el diagnóstico de la enfermedad. Caso 2. Paciente fallecido a la edad de 4.5 años con caquexia por la infección por el VIH, que desde los 2 años de edad mostró recuentos muy bajos de linfocitos CD4+, coincidiendo con pesos por debajo del percentil 50 (frecuentemente

Subject(s)
Female , Male , Child , Humans , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/diet therapy , Nutritional Status/physiology , Lymphocytes/microbiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diet therapy , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Cachexia/complications , Cachexia/diet therapy , Cachexia/diagnosis , Cachexia/mortality , Nutritional Support/methods , Nutritional Support/trends , Nutritional Support , Anthropometry/methods , Weight by Height , Adjuvants, Immunologic/analysis , Adjuvants, Immunologic , Nutrition Disorders/complications , Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Nutrition Disorders/etiology , Nutrition Disorders/therapy , Nutrition Disorders/physiopathology , Causality , Prognosis , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/complications , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diet therapy , Retrospective Studies , CD4 Immunoadhesins/analysis , CD4 Immunoadhesins , Pneumocystis Infections/complications , Pneumocystis Infections/diagnosis , Pneumocystis Infections/diet therapy
5.
Pediátrika (Madr.) ; 20(6): 209-227, jun. 2000. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-12049

ABSTRACT

La infección por el VIH en la infancia es un importante problema sanitario. Se calcula que cada año nacen 400-600 hijos de madres seropositivas.El diagnóstico precoz de la infección por el VIH en el niño, es de gran importancia para instaurar lo antes posible tratamiento antirretroviral, profilaxis de infecciones oportunistas, inmunización activa y pasiva, así como un soporte psicosocial y nutricional adecuado.Estos niños presentan una disregulación en el metabolismo de las citocinas que parecen jugar un importante papel en la malnutrición, la cual es de etiología multifactorial y puede presentarse en cualquier momento evolutivo de la enfermedad.Sería importante determinar los índices nutricionales con mayor poder discriminativo para valorar la malnutrición; pues se ha encontrado una correlación entre el deterioro de la situación clínica, inmunológica y nutricional.Las nuevas estrategias terapéuticas de la desnutrición en niños con infección por VIH, se basan en la administración de acetato de megestrol y hormona de crecimiento cuyo efecto parece ser beneficioso (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Child, Preschool , Infant , Male , Child , Humans , Nutrition Programs , Food and Nutritional Surveillance/methods , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diet therapy , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Receptors, Somatotropin , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/methods , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Vaccination/methods , Vaccination , Immunization, Passive/methods , Immunization, Passive , Social Support , Psychosomatic Medicine/methods , Psychosomatic Medicine/trends , Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Nutrition Disorders/etiology , Nutrition Disorders/therapy , HIV Infections/diet therapy , HIV Infections/pathology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Defense Mechanisms , Zidovudine/therapeutic use , Didanosine/therapeutic use , Zalcitabine/therapeutic use , Lamivudine/therapeutic use , Indinavir/therapeutic use , Ritonavir/therapeutic use , Cytokines/administration & dosage , Cytokines/analysis , Cytokines , Cytokines/classification , Anthropometry/methods , Body Mass Index , Megestrol Acetate/administration & dosage , Megestrol Acetate/analysis , Megestrol Acetate , Vitamins/administration & dosage , Vitamins/therapeutic use , Gastroenterostomy , Gastroenterostomy/methods , CD4 Immunoadhesins/analysis , CD4 Immunoadhesins/therapeutic use , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diet therapy , Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Human Growth Hormone/therapeutic use , Molecular Biology/methods , Molecular Biology/trends , Quality of Life , Child Welfare/trends , Maternal Welfare , Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/education
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