Hidradenocarcinoma: a rare but challenging diagnosis.

Hidradenocarcinoma is a rare, aggressive cancer arising from sweat glands. Hidradenocarcinoma has no definitive histologic features compared to its benign hidradenoma, thereby posing a diagnostic challenge for clinicians and pathologists. This novel case report demonstrates specific MRI signs that suggested malignant degeneration of hidradenoma.

Sonographic appearance of an eccrine spiradenoma: A case report.

Eccrine spiradenoma is a rare, benign, adnexal skin tumor of the sweat gland, which may manifest in any part of the body. It is typically located in the dermal or the subcutaneous fat layer. Eccrine spiradenomas rarely progress to malignant transformation and only a few cases of malignant transformation have been reported. Due to its rarity, there have been few reports about the sonographic appearances of eccrine spiradenoma. We report the sonographic findings in one case of eccrine spiradenoma, located in the subcutaneous fat and the deep dermal layers of the upper arm in a middle-aged woman.

Clear cell hidradenoma of the axilla: a case report with literature review.

Clear cell hidradenoma is an uncommon benign skin appendageal tumor that typically involves the dermal layer of the head, face, and extremities. The breast is a rare site for this lesion, with only two documented cases, which were determined based on mammogram and sonogram findings. We present a case of clear cell hidradenoma of the axillary tail with radiological findings and a literature review.

A case of malignant eccrine spiradenoma metastatic to intramammary lymph node.

Eccrine spiradenoma (ES) is a fairly common, benign, cutaneous tumor originating from the sweat glands. In contrast, the malignant counterpart of ES, malignant eccrine spiradenoma (MES), is extremely rare. A long-standing lesion rarely begins to enlarge rapidly. A growth that results in ulceration or discoloration may be associated with malignant transformation. We present the first reported case of this tumor metastasizing to an intramammary lymph node (IMLN). The uncommon metastasizing focus of the periumbilical MES and its histopathological similarity with a primary breast carcinoma made the diagnosis difficult.

Clear cell hidradenoma of the breast: a case report with review of the literature.

Clear cell hidradenoma of the breast is rare. A 55-year-old woman demonstrated a left breast tumor during follow-up examination of the right breast. Focal asymmetric density was shown on mammogram, and ultrasonography showed an intracystic tumor. Since the diagnosis was not clear on aspiration cytology, excisional biopsy was performed. The lesion was an intracystic tumor macroscopically. Histological examination demonstrated characteristic histological features of clear cell hidradenoma, such as proliferation of uniform epithelial cells, clear or slightly eosinophilic cytoplasm, and cuboidal cell-lined ductal structures. Immunohistochemically, these proliferating epithelial cells were negative for myoepithelial markers, such as alpha-smooth muscle actin, CD10 and anti-muscle actin, but positive for p63. These features were consistent with clear cell hidradenoma.

Benign hidradenoma: magnetic resonance and ultrasound features of two cases.

Tumors of sweat gland origin are rare in the hand but should be considered in the differential diagnosis when certain imaging features are present. We present a case of nodular hidradenoma of the hand, with previously unreported magnetic resonance imaging features, and a further case in the thigh, both with ultrasound and histopathological correlation. The imaging literature of this tumor is reviewed, and its significance is discussed with respect to the current understanding of its malignant potential.

Giant apocrine hidradenoma of the breast.

We report a case of a 26-year-old woman with an 8.0-cm tumor of the left breast. The tumor was clinically and radiologically suspicious for malignancy. The pathologic evaluation of the core biopsy and the subsequent excision specimen revealed a benign sclerosing, cystic, and papillary adnexal tumor with apocrine and clear cell morphology. The immunohistochemical staining for p63 was positive. Estrogen, progesterone, and Her-2 receptor immunohistochemical stains were negative. The cytogenetic analysis revealed 46, XX t(11:19) (q21;q13.1) balanced translocation. The final diagnosis was apocrine hidradenoma.

Ultrasound biomicroscopy of eyelid lesions.

This study compared ultrasound biomicroscopy with histopathology in discerning depth of eyelid lesions and tissue characteristics. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (50 MHz) was used to analyze lesion depth and tissue characteristics of eight patients with eyelid lesions referred to a university-based referral practice prior to excisional biopsy. This data was then compared to histopathologic findings. Lesion depth measured by ultrasound biomicroscopy was correlated with histopathologic depth with a linear regression. Ultrasound biomicroscopy correlated highly to histopathology with regards to tissue characteristics and lesion depth (R(2) = 0.87). Ultrasound biomicroscopy accurately measures depth of eyelid lesions and accurately determines tissue characteristics.

An uncommon breast tumour: the malignant eccrine spiradenoma. A case report.

Eccrine spiradenoma is a benign tumour originating from cutaneous sweat glands. It rarely develops into a malignant tumour. A long-standing cutaneous nodule begins to enlarge rapidly. The growth is often associated with an ulceration and a change in colour. The definitive diagnosis is made after a biopsy with examination of the entire specimen in search for foci of malignant development. The appropriate therapy consists in a wide local excision, with resection of the clinically suspicious lymph nodes. Irradiation of the resection site can be useful to prevent local recurrences. The role of chemotherapy is not yet clearly defined.

Case report: infiltrating syringomatous adenoma of the breast--appearances on mammography and ultrasonography.

Infiltrating syringomatous adenoma is a recently-recognized locally-invasive breast neoplasm which clinically may mimic carcinoma. We describe bilateral syringomatous adenomata in a screened patient, indistinguishable from carcinoma on mammography and ultrasound examination. The clinical and pathological features which suggest the diagnosis are discussed.

Malignant clear cell hidradenoma.

We report the case of a 77-year-old man with a recurrent malignant clear cell hidradenoma. Establishing histopathological criteria of malignancy for these tumors can be difficult as nuclear anaplasia may be slight to moderate or even absent; however, in contrast to the benign form, malignant clear cell hidradenoma tends to invade the surrounding tissue. As these tumors can show a high rate of local recurrence (50%) and may even metastasize to lymph nodes, bone or visceral organs, wide surgical excision should be performed after the initial diagnosis.

Malignant chondroid syringoma--a rare cause of secondary bone tumour.

Sweat-gland carcinomas are very rare, comprising only 0.01% of primary tumours of the skin. Malignant chondroid syringoma is the least common variety, of which less than twenty cases have been recorded. We report a case in which this tumour presented as an osteolytic secondary deposit.