ABSTRACT
1. Infectious diseases have a large impact on poultry health and economics. Elucidating the pathogenesis of a certain disease is crucial to implement control strategies. 2. Multiplication of a pathogen and its characterisation in vitro are basic requirements to perform experimental studies. However, passaging of the pathogen in vitro can influence the pathogenicity, a process targeted for live vaccine development, but limits the reproduction of clinical signs. 3. Numerous factors can influence the outcome of experimental infections with some importance on the pathogen, application route and host as exemplarily outlined for Histomonas meleagridis, Gallibacterium anatis and fowl aviadenoviruses (FAdVs). 4. In future, more comprehensive and detailed settings are needed to obtain as much information as possible from animal experiments. Processing of samples with modern diagnostic tools provides the option to closely monitor the host-pathogen interaction.
Subject(s)
Host-Pathogen Interactions , Poultry Diseases/microbiology , Symbiosis , Adenoviridae Infections/history , Adenoviridae Infections/veterinary , Animals , Aviadenovirus/classification , Chickens , England , Fowl adenovirus A , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Pasteurellaceae/classification , Pasteurellaceae Infections/history , Pasteurellaceae Infections/microbiology , Pasteurellaceae Infections/veterinary , Poultry Diseases/history , Poultry Diseases/parasitology , Protozoan Infections, Animal/history , Protozoan Infections, Animal/parasitologyABSTRACT
La infección respiratoria por adenovirus presenta una amplia variedad de manifestaciones clínicas, siendo algunas responsables de hospitalizaciones prolongadas, secuelas pulmonares graves e incluso muerte. Existen algunos serotipos como el 7h asociados a peor pronóstico. Algunos estudios epidemiológicos han demostrado que los niños sobrevivientes presentan secuelas asociadas a importantes alteraciones funcionales. El presente trabajo brinda una actualización en torno a la definición de bronquiolitis obliterativa y constrictiva, aspectos históricos desde su primera descripción, el rol de las imágenes, especialmente la tomografía axial computadorizada de alta resolución, y la importancia de la fase espiratoria como ayuda diagnóstica en la visualización de imágenes sugerentes de enfermedad de vía aérea periférica como atrapamiento aérea y patrón en mosaico.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Bronchiolitis Obliterans/etiology , Bronchiolitis Obliterans , Adenoviridae Infections/complications , Pneumonia, Viral/etiology , Pneumonia, Viral , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Bronchiolitis, Viral/etiology , Bronchiolitis, Viral , Adenoviridae Infections/history , Lung/pathology , LungABSTRACT
As fastidious human parasites, the respiratory viruses other than influenza viruses have been among the last of the human viruses to be isolated. Their recognition has been dependent upon the evolving technology of cell culture and equally upon a series of fortuitous observations by astute investigators. Adenoviruses were discovered independently by two different groups of scientists, one utilizing explantation of ostensibly normal human tissues and the other recovering virus directly from epidemics of acute disease. In other studies, a technique developed for detection of influenza virus in cell culture led to the discovery of other hemagglutinating viruses, now known as parainfluenza viruses. From such shreds of laboratory evidence, the structural and molecular characteristics of these diverse viruses have been defined, and each in turn has been retrospectively linked to a legacy of previously described clinical syndromes and epidemic patterns. Thus, neither technology or human imagination alone is sufficient for scientific advance, but, when combined, are the essence of scientific discovery.
