ABSTRACT
In order to determine the effectiveness of intravesical therapy for superficial bladder cancer, the author critically reviews current data and the methodology upon which such data are based. Included is a discussion of prophylactic versus therapeutic intravesical therapy, the design of clinical trials for intravesical therapy and endpoints of response, biostatistical considerations, a review of randomized clinical trials, and selection of patients for intravesical therapy.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy , Urinary Bladder , Administration, Topical/methods , Clinical Trials as Topic , Humans , Patient Care Planning , Random AllocationSubject(s)
Administration, Topical/methods , Clonidine/administration & dosage , Hypertension/drug therapy , Administration, Topical/adverse effects , Adult , Aged , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Clonidine/adverse effects , Drug Eruptions/etiology , Drug Therapy, Combination , Humans , Hydrochlorothiazide/administration & dosage , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Administration, Topical/methods , Antiemetics/administration & dosage , Motion Sickness/prevention & control , Scopolamine/administration & dosage , Adult , Double-Blind Method , Female , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Male , Meclizine/therapeutic use , Motion Sickness/historySubject(s)
Administration, Topical/methods , Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic , Drug Implants , Eye Diseases/drug therapy , Animals , Delayed-Action Preparations , Drug Therapy/methods , Humans , Kinetics , Ophthalmic Solutions/therapeutic use , Pilocarpine/administration & dosage , Rabbits , Tetracycline/administration & dosageABSTRACT
The development of ocular drug delivery systems has progressed greatly during the past four decades. This has resulted from better understanding of the pertinent physiological processes and from the availability of new synthetic polymers. More must be learned about the distribution of polymer solutions during the blink and their interactions with biosurfaces. In addition, awareness of the limitations placed on vehicle characteristics (e.g., viscosity, surface activity) by the variation in human eyes and more accurate extrapolation of data from relatively uncomplicated experimental models to the human eye will result in the development of even more effective ophthalmic vehicles designed for specific purposes and for particular drugs.
Subject(s)
Eye Diseases/drug therapy , Ointments , Ophthalmic Solutions/therapeutic use , Administration, Topical/methods , Animals , Eye/drug effects , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Permeability , Rabbits , ViscosityABSTRACT
Quantifying with accuracy small amounts of semi-solid viscus materials is critical in some situations. A sample dish and loading device for a micropipette is described which permits efficient and accurate loading and dispensing of microliter quantities. This is especially valuable for dealing with small quantities of radiolabelled viscus materials.
Subject(s)
Administration, Topical/methods , Drug Compounding , Administration, Topical/instrumentation , SyringesSubject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects , Skin Diseases/chemically induced , Administration, Topical/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Atrophy , Blood Vessels/drug effects , Child , Connective Tissue/drug effects , Drug Eruptions/etiology , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Humans , Skin/blood supply , Skin/drug effects , Skin Absorption/drug effects , Skin Diseases/drug therapy , Wound Healing/drug effectsABSTRACT
A blind study was done in 402 endometrial biopsies of women who had intrauterine devices releasing different daily amounts of progesterone or a placebo (empty device): 175 were obtained in what presumably was the proliferative phase and 227 in the secretory stage, as all these subjects were normal, healthy women with a history of previous fertility. With all dose levels of the progesterone-releasing devices there was variation of the endometrium general pattern and the over-all picture varied from normal secretory to suppressed endometrium. In addition to these changes of the endometrial pattern, in 231 specimens there was significant inflammatory infiltration and in six cases even plasma cells were seen. Predecidual reaction was frequently seen and in 45 cases it was diffuse and marked. The significance of these data is discussed on the grounds of the frequent similarities of the changes here reported with those in women using combined oral steroids for contraception.
