Carbazochrome carbon nanotube as drug delivery nanocarrier for anti-bleeding drug: quantum chemical study.

The interaction between drugs and single-walled carbon nanotubes is proving to be of fundamental interest for drug system of delivery and nano-bio-sensing. In this study, the interaction of pristine CNT with carbazochrome, an anti-hemorrhagic or hemostatic agent, was investigated with M06-2X functional and 6-31G* basis set. All probable positions of related adsorption for these kind drugs were thought-out to find out which one is energetically suitable. Based on the achieved data, the stronger interactions appeared the oxygen atom of C = O group and nitrogen atom of imine groups. The topology analysis of QTAIM (quantum theory of atoms in a molecule) method was accomplished to understand the properties of interactions between the CNT and carbazochrome. Frontier molecular orbital energies of all systems, global index including stiffness, softness, chemical Gibbs energies, and electrophilicity parameters, as well as some other important physical data such as dipole moment, polarizability, anisotropy polarisibility, and hyperpolaribility were calculated, evaluated, and then compared together. The essence of the formed bonding model progress along the reaction roots was further validated using electron localization function (ELF) calculations. The highest values of adsorption energies were determined in the range of 18.24 up to 22.12 kcal mol-1 for these kind systems. The acceptable recovery time of 849 s was obtained for the desorption of carbazochrome from the CNT surface under UV-light. The final results exhibit that carbazochrome can serve as a promising carrier and also as sensitive sensors in any kind of practical application.

Prospective multicenter study of visual outcomes following three different treatments for macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion: a study by the Japanese BRVO study group.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the visual outcomes of three different treatments for macular edema associated with a branch retinal vein occlusion. METHODS: A 1-year, non-randomized study was conducted at 21 ophthalmological institutes in Japan. All of the patients received one of three treatments: medication per-oral (PO), photocoagulation (PC) or pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Retinal hemorrhage that was lower than that shown in reference photographs was considered an inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Ninety-eight patients were studied. Twenty-six (26.5%) patients were in the PO, 37 (37.8%) in the PC and 35 (35.7%) in the PPV group. The mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved significantly after 1 year in all groups (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference among those groups in the degree of the BCVA improvement. However, the BCVA in the PPV group improved significantly at 6 months, significantly earlier than in the other two groups. The BCVA at entry in the PPV group was significantly worst among patients whose eyes had a BCVA of ≥ 0.7 at 1 year (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: PPV had a slight advantage over PC and PO, although the improvement to the BCVA did not differ significantly following any of the three treatments.

Parenteral troxerutin and carbazochrome combination in the treatment of post-hemorrhoidectomy status: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase IV study.

Flavonoids, such as troxerutin, have been shown to be safe and effective agents for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. The fixed combination between troxerutin 150 mg and carbazochrome 1.5 mg (Fleboside ampoules) was previously shown to have a good efficacy and safety profile in non-surgical patients with acute uncomplicated hemorrhoids. The purpose of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of the active combination in the treatment of post-hemorrhoidectomy patients. 30 patients were randomized to receive one of two treatments: troxerutin 150 mg and carbazochrome 1.5 mg, or placebo, i.m. 3 ml ampoules twice a day for five consecutive days after the surgical procedure, starting from the day of surgery. Efficacy parameters were assessed as follows: at baseline (T1), after the first administration (T2; day of surgery), the second day after the surgical procedure (T3), and the fifth day after the surgical procedure (T4); hemorrhoidal symptoms based on a visual analogue scale (VAS): pain, discharge, bleeding, inflammation, and pruritus; analgesic intake, if any; time to restore a physiological defecation; edema evaluation (based on a four-point scale: 0 = absent; 1 = mild; 2 = moderate; 3 = severe); camera pictures taken at T1 and T4 (in selected patients); and blood coagulation tests. Analysis between treatment groups revealed a highly significant difference at T3 and T4 for the total VAS score (p = 0.007 and p = 0.001, respectively) in favor of the active combination treatment. A statistically significant difference was also observed for bleeding and pruritus at T3 and for these two parameters and both inflammation and edema at T4 (p < 0.001) in favor of the active combination group. No adverse events were reported. Neither the active combination nor placebo affected blood coagulation tests. We conclude that intramuscular administration of the fixed combination of troxerutin 150 mg and carbazochrome 1.5 mg is effective, well tolerated and superior to placebo in improving hemorrhoidal and post-surgical symptoms during the five days following surgery.

Double-blind, randomized clinical trial of troxerutin-carbazochrome in patients with hemorrhoids.

This multicenter, double-blind, randomised study was undertaken to determine the efficacy and safety of a combination of troxerutin 150 mg and carbazochrome 1.5 mg compared to carbazochrome alone in patients with acute uncomplicated hemorrhoids. Patients were administered by the intramuscular route (one ampoule) twice daily for one week. Both subjective and objective efficacy variables significantly improved in the combination drug group only, thus demonstrating the rationale for a combination therapy. Treatments were safe and well tolerated either at a local or systemic level.

[Effect of xiaoyu pian on new platelet aggregation defect].

The Xiaoyu pian (XYP, mainly consisted of prunus persica, Carthamus tinctorius, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, etc) was used to treat patients with new platelet aggregation defect. Patients were divided into 2 groups, the TCM group (72 cases) treated with XYP and the control group (65 cases) treated with vitamin C and P and/or adrenosem for at least 3 months. The results showed that marked effective rate was 87.5% in TCM group and 35.4% in control group (chi 2 = 39.7, P < 0.01); the recovery rate of platelet was 91.8% in the former and 10.3% in the latter (chi 2 = 71.4, P < 0.01); the recurrence rate of follow-up (6 months after treatment) was 30.8% in the former and 82.1% in the latter (chi 2 = 19.2, P < 0.01). The difference between two groups was very significant. The results suggested that XYP could regulate the hemostatic action and the platelet aggregation function. It is worthwhile to use XYP as an hemostatic clinically.