[Impact of an e-learning program regarding patients' harmful alcohol consumption on the knowledge, attitudes and perceived competencies of nurses from an acute care hospital: a pretest-posttest-study]. / Auswirkungen eines E-Learning zum gesundheitsschädigenden Alkohol-konsum auf Wissen, Einstellung und Kompetenzen von Pflegefachpersonen im Akutspital ­ Eine Prätest-Posttest-Studie.

Impact of an e-learning program regarding patients' harmful alcohol consumption on the knowledge, attitudes and perceived competencies of nurses from an acute care hospital: a pretest-posttest-study Abstract. BACKGROUND: Harmful alcohol consumption is associated with approximately 1600 deaths in Switzerland annually, and is the third-largest risk factor for various diseases worldwide. It has been shown that through early identification of problematic drinking behaviours along with preventive intervention, alcohol-related illnesses and mortality can be reduced. Therefore, nurses play a crucial role for patients with alcohol problems. However, the most common reasons for nurses not providing preventive intervention are a lack of knowledge, personal attitudes and uncertainty. Learning programs hold the potential for influencing these factors. AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an e-learning program regarding patients' harmful alcohol consumption on the knowledge, attitudes and perceived competencies of nurses in an acute care hospital. METHOD: A pretest-posttest-study was conducted with 33 registered nurses prior to and upon completion of the e-learning program. Data was collected from December 2013 to March 2014 using a literature-based questionnaire. RESULTS: It was shown that knowledge and perceived competencies significantly improved from pre-test to post-test. No significant differences were measured with regard to the attitudes. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the alcohol e-learning program could be used to enhance nurses' knowledge and perceived competencies, both of which are related to the reduction of uncertainty and improvement of confidence. To foster non-judgemental attitudes towards affected people, classroom courses are recommended in addition to the e-learning program and the implementation of directives.

Atitudes de profissionais de enfermagem de um serviço de emergência sobre o atendimento a pacientes alcoolizados / Attitudes of nursing professionals of an emergency service on the care of alcoholic patients

No presente estudo o objetivo foi avaliar as atitudes de profissionais de enfermagem, de um serviço de emergência, no atendimento a pacientes com problemas relacionados ao uso de álcool e realizar treinamento com esses profissionais. O local do estudo foi o Pronto-Socorro Adulto do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brasil. O desenho metodológico do estudo foi do tipo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa. O instrumento utilizado para coleta de dados foi o SAAPPQ e um questionário com informações sócio-demográficas, aplicado em 82 profissionais de enfermagem, incluindo técnicos e enfermeiros, no entanto, somente 73 profissionais responderam ao questionário. A maioria dos profissionais eram técnicos de enfermagem, muitos deles tinham curso superior concluído, do sexo feminino e com idade média de 37 anos. Na avaliação dos profissionais, as atitudes negativas foram relacionadas à satisfação com o trabalho (4,9±1,6) e atitudes positivas quanto à execução de tarefas específicas e autoestima (6,6±1,5). Em relação à formação profissional, os de nível superior mostraram-se menos motivados a trabalhar com pacientes com problemas relacionados ao uso do álcool, entretanto, aqueles que tinham algum curso de especialização em álcool e/ou drogas apresentaram melhores níveis na adequação ao trabalho e na execução de tarefas específicas e autoestima. Ao mensurar as atitudes dos profissionais relacionadas ao Compromisso terapêutico (motivação, satisfação e autoestima) e à Segurança Profissional (adequação e legitimidade), houve melhores níveis na função Segurança Profissional. O treinamento foi realizado no próprio ambiente de trabalho, com 64,3% de participação da equipe. Conclui-se, portanto, que a formação educacional para atuar no atendimento a pessoas com problemas relacionados ao álcool pode acarretar mudanças positivas significativas no conhecimento e atitudes dos profissionais de enfermagem

This study aimed to evaluate the attitudes of nursing professionals of an emergency service in the care of patients with problems related to alcohol use and to conduct a training with these professionals. The study site was the Adult Emergency Room of the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University at Triângulo Mineiro, in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The methodological design of the study is of the descriptive type with a quantitative approach. A questionnaire of sociodemographic information and SAAPPQ were used. The questionnaire applied to 82 nursing professionals, including technicians and nurses, however 73 professionals answered the questionnaire. Most of the professionals were nursing technicians, many of them had completed college degree, female with average age of 37 years. In the evaluation of professionals, negative attitudes were related to work satisfaction (4.9 ± 1.6) and positive attitudes regarding the performance of specific tasks and self-esteem (6.6 ± 1.5). Regarding professional training, those at higher education level were less motivated to work with patients with problems related to alcohol use, however, those who had some degree of specialization in alcohol and / or drugs had better levels of work adequacy and execution of specific tasks and self-esteem. When measuring the attitudes of professionals related to Therapeutic Commitment (motivation, satisfaction and self-esteem) and Role Security (adequacy and legitimacy), there were better levels in the Role Security function. The training was carried out in the work environment, with a 64.3% participation of the team. It is concluded that the educational training to act in the care of people with problems related to alcohol can lead to significant positive changes in the knowledge and attitudes of nursing professionals

Produções sobre álcool e drogas nos anais do Congresso Brasileiro de Enfermagem / Producciones sobre alcohol y drogas en los anales del Congreso Brasileño de Enfermería / Production of alcohol and drugs in the annals of the Brazilian Nursing Congress

Objective: To identify and to characterize the bibliographic production of nurses on alcohol and other drugs published in the Annals of the Brazilian Nursing Congress. Method: It is an exploratory, descriptive study through literature in the period of 2009 to 2013. We analyzed the five annals summaries of Brazilian Nursing Congress. The data were analyzed and grouped into categories according to the premises of Bardin. Results: The sample is composed of 88 abstracts that were directly related to the subject of the research, which were grouped into five categories of analysis. Conclusion: The production of alcohol and other drugs is still underrepresented. However, there was a slight increase in the number of abstracts related to the previous survey, and there was little variation among the themes explored by nurses in their research. It was pointed contemporary areas of nursing additions that need more attention.

Objetivo: Identificar e caracterizar a produção bibliográfica de enfermeiros sobre álcool e outras drogas, publicada nos Anais do Congresso Brasileiro de Enfermagem. Método: Estudo exploratório, descritivo, realizado por meio de levantamento bibliográfico no período compreendido entre 2009 a 2013. Foram analisados os cinco Anais de resumos do Congresso Brasileiro de Enfermagem. Os dados foram analisados e agrupados em categorias segundo os pressupostos de Bardin. Resultados: A amostra se constituiu de 88 resumos que estavam diretamente relacionados ao tema da pesquisa, os quais foram agrupados em cinco categorias de análise. Conclusão: A produção sobre álcool e outras drogas continua pouco representada. Entretanto, observou-se um discreto aumento do número de resumos quando relacionados a levantamento prévio, e houve pouca variação entre os temas explorados pelos enfermeiros em suas pesquisas. Apontam-se áreas contemporâneas da enfermagem em adições que necessitam de maior atenção.

Objetivo: Identificar y caracterizar la producción bibliográfica de enfermeros sobre alcohol y otras drogas, publicada en los anales del Congreso Brasileño de Enfermería. Método: Estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, realizado por medio de levantamiento bibliográfico en el período comprendido entre 2009 a 2013. Se analizaron los cinco anales de resúmenes del Congreso Brasileño de Enfermería. Los datos fueron analizados y agrupados en categorías según los presupuestos de Bardin. Resultados: La muestra se constituyó de 88 resúmenes que estaban directamente relacionados al tema de la investigación, los cuales fueron agrupados en cinco categorías de análisis. Conclusión: La producción sobre alcohol y otras drogas sigue siendo poco representada. Sin embargo, se observó un discreto aumento del número de resúmenes cuando se relacionaron con el levantamiento previo, y hubo poca variación entre los temas explotados por los enfermeros en sus investigaciones. Se señalan áreas contemporáneas de la enfermería en adiciones que necesitan de mayor atención.

O consumo de bebida alcoólica durante a gestação na perspectiva de Afaf Meleis: contribuição para a enfermagem / The consumption of alcohol during pregnancy period from Afaf Meleis perspective: a nursing contributions

Atualmente, é crescente o número de gestantes que ingerem bebida alcoólica, todavia a Organização Mundial de Saúde recomenda abstinência do uso de álcool durante a gestação. Objeto de estudo: atuação da enfermeira com mulheres que fizeram uso de bebida alcoólica durante gestação. Objetivo geral: discutir a atuação da enfermeira na prevenção do consumo de bebida alcoólica durante a gestação. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, exploratória utilizou o método Narrativa de Vida. Os dados foram coletados em cinco Centros de Atenção Psicossocial álcool e drogas (CAPSad) no município do Rio de Janeiro com entrevista aberta e questão norteadora: "Fale-me a respeito de sua vida que tenha relação com uso de bebida alcoólica durante gestação e as orientações recebidas no Pré-Natal". Em quatro Centros Municipais de Saúde (CMS), nos quais foram entrevistadas quatro enfermeiras atuantes no pré-natal e teve como questão norteadora: "Fale-me a respeito de sua atuação com gestantes que ingerem bebida alcoólica". As entrevistas realizadas entre fevereiro e maio de 2016, mediante aceitação e assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE). Critérios de inclusão das mulheres: maiores de 18 anos, terem feito uso de bebida alcoólica durante gestação, estar em tratamento no CAPSad. E das enfermeiras: realizar consultas de pré-natal. O projeto foi aprovado no Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa, sob nº 1.205.233. Todas as entrevistas foram transcritas, na íntegra. Após transcrições, retranscrições, releituras e recodificações foram agrupadas, sintetizadas e deram origem às categorias empíricas e, posteriormente, originaram as categorias analíticas que foram analisadas comparativamente, por análise temática. Resultados: emergiram das narrativas a categoria Vulnerabilidade Feminina e duas subcategorias: o consumo de álcool por mulheres durante a gestação; e atuação de enfermeiras no pré-natal na prevenção do consumo de bebida alcoólica. As narrativas foram analisadas sob a ótica do referencial teórico de vulnerabilidade e teoria da transição. Todas as unidades temáticas do estudo evidenciaram falta de informação sobre os malefícios que o álcool pode acarretar à gestante e ao feto. As mulheres omitem o consumo de álcool nas consultas de pré-natal. Receiam as críticas dos profissionais. Têm medo de matar o bebê por causa desse consumo, mas continuam bebendo. Suspeitam que o tipo e a quantidade da bebida interferem na formação fetal. As enfermeiras não conseguem captar as gestantes que fazem uso dessa substância. Aceitam que beber socialmente não acarreta prejuízos à gestante e ao feto. O conceito de vulnerabilidade possibilitou a compreensão das vulnerabilidades vivenciadas por gestantes que consumiram bebida alcoólica e das enfermeiras, nas dimensões: social, individual e programática. A teoria de transição destaca que a atuação da enfermeira deve proporcionar conhecimento e capacitação a quem vivencia o problema, promovendo transições saudáveis, baseado nas experiências únicas dos indivíduos. Conclusão: este estudo permitiu compreender a experiência vivenciada de mulheres que fizeram uso abusivo de álcool durante a gestação e que estavam em tratamento nos CAPSad. Evidenciou, também, como a Enfermagem vem atuando na prevenção dessa substância durante consultas de pré-natal. A análise das narrativas mostrou que o uso abusivo de álcool é um processo complexo, que envolve fatores psicológicos, culturais, sociais e organizacionais.

Nowadays a growing number of pregnant women made use of alcohol however the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends alcohol withdrawal during pregnancy period. Study object: practice of the nurse with women who made use of alcohol during pregnancy period. General objective: to discuss practice of the nurse in the prevention of the consumption of alcohol during pregnancy period. Method: Qualitative research, descriptive, exploratory with use of the Life Story method. Data were collected in five Psychosocial Atencion Center alchol and drugs (CAPSad) in Rio de Janeiro county with open interview and orienting question: "Tell me about your life about alcohol during pregnancy period and the orientations received by women during prenatal period". In addition, in four Health Municipal Centers (CMS), in which four nurses were interviewed acting on prenatal period, with orienting question: "Tell me about your practice with pregnant who intake alcohol". Interviews carried out between February and May of 2016, by acceptance and signed Consent Form (TCLE). Inclusion criteria of women: over 18 years old, use of alcohol during pregnancy period, and who are in treatment in the CAPSad. About nurses: to realize prenatal nursing consultations. Project obtained approval in the Research Ethics Committee under No. 1.205.233. All interviews were transcribed in its entirety. After re-transcriptions, re-readings and re-codifications were grouped, summarized and gave rise to the analytical categories that were analyzed comparatively and through thematic analysis. Results: the category Feminine Vulnerability and two subcategories emerged from the narratives: the consumption of alcohol by women during pregnancy period and practice of nurses in the prevention of the consumption of alcohol. Narratives were analyzed from theoretical framework of vulnerability and theory of transition perspective. All thematic unities evidenced lack of information on hazards/damages caused by alcohol that could affect the pregnant woman and the fetus. Women omit the consumption in the prenatal consultations. They fear that the professionals would criticize them. They are afraid of killing the baby due to this consumption, but continue to drink. They suspect that the type and amount of alcohol interfere in the fetal development. Nurses do not know about the hazards of the alcohol use during pregnancy period. They fail to capture pregnant women that made use of this substance. They accept that social drinking does not result in damages to the pregnant woman and the fetus. The concept of vulnerability made possible to understand the vulnerabilities experienced by pregnant women who made use of alcohol, as well as nurses, involving social, individual and programmatic questions. The theory of transition points out that the practice of the nurse shall, providing healthy results to the transitions, leading to the recovery of well-being through the provision of care based on the only experiences of individuals. Conclusion: this study made possible to understand the lived experiences of women during pregnancy period who are being treated in the CAPSad for alcohol abuse. Evidenced how the Nursing have been practicing in the prevention of this substance during prenatal consultations. The narratives analysis showed that the alcohol abuse is a complex process, which involves psychological, cultural, social and organizational factors.

Women and Alcohol Use Disorders: Factors That Lead to Harm.

Women, alcohol, and alcohol use disorders are underresearched topics when compared with the plethora of literature exploring male alcohol consumption and its related harms. It is time to change the fact that women are underrepresented in research and programs targeting alcohol use disorders. Given the changing patterns of alcohol consumption by women, coupled with the fact that women experience a telescoping effect in alcohol-related harms, it is time that increasing attention be paid to the way gender influences the experience of alcohol-related harms, including the development of alcohol use disorders. Recovery-orientated systems are not possible without the voices of the consumers being heard. With this in mind, the purposes of this article are to explore factors that lead to alcohol-related harm in women and to highlight the gender-specific barriers to service engagement.

Alcohol and Substance Use Disorder Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment Among People Living With HIV/AIDS.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this review is to inform nurses on the prevalence of substance use screening with screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment; its use in the primary care setting; and its effectiveness on HIV-related risk behaviors to prevent adverse health consequences among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH). REVIEW: For PLWH, identification of at-risk substance use is important because of the association between substance use and HIV infection both in terms of acquiring HIV and in further transmission of HIV. CONCLUSION: Alcohol and substance use disorders continue to be a burden for PLWH and are associated with poor health outcomes. Implementation of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment in the primary care setting is critical for promoting positive health outcomes in this population and provides an opportunity for nurses to intervene.

Padrões mínimos para assistência de enfermagem segura a usuários de bebidas alcoólicas / Normas mínimas para cuidado de enfermería segura a los usuarios de las bebidas alcohólicas / Minimum standards for safe nursing care for users of alcoholic beverages

To develop minimum standards for nursing care for people intoxicated by alcohol and treated in the emergency units. Method: documental research, built upon the experience of the authors as members of the nursing care team of a center of toxicological assistance, based on literature review. Results: we presented the results in two units. Firstly, through a brief literature review on patient safety and alcohol users attended in emergency department, and secondly through a description of minimum standards for initial nursing care necessary for the safety of users of alcohol in three aspects: clinical/biological, psycho-emotional and social. Conclusion: The presented standardization, besides regulating nursing practice, improves the execution of assistance programs in the toxicology centers...

Elaborar padrões mínimos para assistência de enfermagem às pessoas intoxicadas por álcool e atendidas em unidades de atenção às urgências. Método: investigação documental, construída a partir da experiência dos autores como integrantes da equipe assistencial de enfermagem de um centro de assistência toxicológica, alicerçada em revisão de literatura. Resultados: foram apresentados em duas unidades. Breve revisão bibliográfica sobre segurança do paciente e de usuários de bebidas alcoólicas atendidos em serviços de urgência, e descrição de padrões mínimos de assistência inicial de enfermagem, necessários à segurança de usuários de bebida alcoólica, em três aspectos; clínico/biológico, psicoemocional e social. Conclusão: A padronização apresentada, além de normatizar a prática de enfermagem, melhora a execução de programas assistenciais em centros de assistência toxicológica...

Desarrollar normas mínimas para la atención de enfermería para las personas intoxicadas por alcohol y tratadas en las unidades de atención de emergencia. Método: la investigación documental, construida a partir de la experiencia de los autores como miembros del equipo de atención de enfermería en un centro de asistencia toxicológica, basado en revisión de la literatura. Resultados: fueron presentados en dos unidades. Primeramente, una breve revisión de la literatura sobre la seguridad de los usuarios y de los pacientes vistos en un departamento de emergencias, y la descripción de las normas mínimas para la atención inicial de enfermería necesaria para la seguridad de los usuarios de alcohol en tres aspectos: clínico/biológico, psico-emocional y social. Conclusión: La normalización presenta, además de regular la práctica de la enfermería, la mejora de la ejecución de los programas de asistencia en los centros de toxicología...

STUDENT KNOWLEDGE OF PROVIDING CARE FOR WOMEN WHO EXPERIENCE ALCOHOL-USE DISORDERS.

Harmful alcohol consumption is associated with detrimental health and social consequences, yet this modifiable and preventable risk factor for serious non-communicable diseases remains an unmet challenge (Spanagel et al. 2013; WHO, 2014, 2016).

The Impact of an Educational Program in Brief Interventions for Alcohol Problems on Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Brazilian Context.

Nurses are the prime movers in the prevention and harm reduction in alcohol-related harm especially for those patients who are unwilling to access specialist care. The aim of the study is to evaluate the attitudes and knowledge of nursing students before and after Brief Intervention Training for alcohol problems. A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 120 undergraduate nursing students. Sixty recruited students were randomized into experimental and control groups (n = 60 each). Participants completed questionnaires on knowledge and attitudes before and after this training of brief intervention. The brief intervention program, 16 hours of duration, includes training for screening and early recognition, nursing, and the treatment of alcohol problems. Analysis of the data showed statistically significant positive change in the nursing students' knowledge (identifications and care) and personal and professional attitudes in working with patients with alcohol problems after the educational intervention. The experimental group differed significantly in all the variables measured at posteducational program. The provision of educational program on brief intervention in undergraduate nursing education can be an effective way for acquisition of knowledge and changes in attitudes in working with patients with alcohol problems.

The relationships of sexual identity, hazardous drinking, and drinking expectancies with risky sexual behaviors in a community sample of lesbian and bisexual women.

This study examined the influence of demographic characteristics, sexual identity, hazardous drinking, and sexuality/intimacy enhancement alcohol expectancies on rates of risky sexual behaviors in a community sample of women who self-identified as lesbian, mostly lesbian, and bisexual (N = 349). Structured interview data were collected as part of a larger longitudinal study of sexual minority women's health, the Chicago Health and Life Experiences of Women study. We used structural equation modeling, controlling for demographic characteristics, to evaluate the influence of sexual identity, hazardous drinking, and alcohol-related sexuality/intimacy enhancement expectancies on sexual risk behaviors. Controlling for demographic characteristics and for sexual identity, higher levels of both hazardous drinking and sexuality/intimacy enhancement alcohol expectancies were associated with higher sexual risk scores. The final model predicted 36% of the variance in risky sexual behavior scores. Our findings regarding the central role of alcohol use and sexuality/intimacy enhancement expectancies in sexual risk behaviors among sexual minority women are consistent with previous research focusing on predominantly heterosexual women. Future efforts at sexual risk reduction in sexual minority women will need to address the influences of alcohol use and drinking-related expectancies on sexual behaviors and decision making.

Maintaining sobriety and recovery.

Recovery is a continuous, progressive process of improvement whereby a person with a substance use disorder first becomes sober and then begins a lifelong commitment to improve his or her health, live a self-directed life, and strive to reach full potential. The nurse plays an important role in the beginning stages of this process by helping the patient identify relapse risk factors along with providing psychoeducational, psychotherapeutic, and psychopharmacologic interventions to decrease the risk of relapse and direct the patient down a path of self-efficacy, personal health, and productive citizenship.

Reducing alcohol-related health risks: the role of the nurse.

The negative effects of alcohol consumption are increasingly being recognised in the UK, with statistics highlighting the health and social problems associated with the misuse of alcohol. Consequently, nurses need to consider their role in educating and advising patients about 'safe' drinking limits. This article identifies some of the problems with adhering to such safe drinking limits, for example, the miscalculation of alcohol units. In addition, the article highlights nursing interventions that can be used with all patients, not just those presenting with alcohol-related problems, to increase awareness of the negative effects of harmful alcohol consumption.

Confirming the factor structure of the alcohol and alcohol problems questionnaire (AAPPQ) in a sample of baccalaureate nursing students.

The Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire (AAPPQ) is a multi-dimensional measure of clinicians' attitudes toward working with patients with alcohol problems. In the past 35 years, five- and six-subscale versions and a short version of the AAPPQ have been published. While the reliability of the AAPPQ subscales has remained acceptable, the factor structure has not been verified using confirmatory techniques. In the current study, we split a sample of 299 baccalaureate nursing students to use exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). When compared to the original six-factor solution and an imposed six-factor structure in CFA, the EFA seven-factor solution with three original items (19, 20, and 25) removed had the best model fit.

Impact of system-level changes and training on alcohol screening and brief intervention in a family medicine residency clinic: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Although screening and brief intervention (SBI) are effective in reducing unhealthy alcohol use, major challenges exist in implementing clinician-delivered SBI in primary care settings. This 2006-2007 pilot study describes the impact of systems changes and booster trainings designed to increase SBI rates in a family medicine residency clinic which annually screened adults with a self-administered AUDIT-C questionnaire and used paper prompts to encourage physician interventions for patients with positive screens. METHODS: Investigators added the Single Alcohol Screening Question (SASQ) to nursing vital signs forms, added a checkbox for documenting brief interventions to the clinicians' outpatient encounter form, and conducted one-hour nurse and clinician booster trainings. Impact was measured using chart reviews conducted before implementing systems changes, then six weeks and six months post-implementation. RESULTS: At all three time points screening rates using AUDIT-C plus SASQ exceeded 90%, however AUDIT-C screening decreased to 85% after 6 months (p=.025). Identification of unhealthy alcohol users increased from 4% to 22.9% at six weeks and 18.8% at six months (p=.002) using both screens. Nursing vital signs screening using the SASQ reached 71.4% six weeks after implementation but decreased to 45.5% at six months. Changes in clinician brief intervention rates did not achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: This is the second study reporting sustained primary care alcohol screening rates of more than 90%. Screening patients with SASQ and/or AUDIT-C identified a higher percentage of patients with unhealthy alcohol use. Dissemination of effective strategies for identifying unhealthy alcohol users should continue, while future research should focus on identifying more effective strategies for increasing intervention rates.