Teaching of infection control in undergraduate courses in health sciences: opinion of experts.

OBJECTIVE: To know the perception of expert professionals in infection control and prevention on the teaching of skills for the prevention and control of infections related to health care in undergraduate courses in Health Sciences. METHOD: We used the Delphi technique, developed in four sequential rounds. Thirty-one nurses and eight physicians participated in the study. Qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis; the quantitative ones, from the descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The importance of the courses has had teachers with expertise in infection control and prevention added to arguments about the development of the subject in the curricula by means of a specific subject or as a transversal theme. CONCLUSIONS: In order to cover the complexity of the elements that are interconnected for professional training, teaching must be based on pedagogical strategies that provoke reflection in students, encouraging them to develop critical thinking about their experiences.

Teaching of infection control in undergraduate courses in health sciences: opinion of experts / Enseñanza del control de infecciones en la graduación en salud: la opinión de expertos / Ensino do controle de infecções na graduação em saúde: opinião de experts

ABSTRACT Objective: To know the perception of expert professionals in infection control and prevention on the teaching of skills for the prevention and control of infections related to health care in undergraduate courses in Health Sciences. Method: We used the Delphi technique, developed in four sequential rounds. Thirty-one nurses and eight physicians participated in the study. Qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis; the quantitative ones, from the descriptive statistics. Results: The importance of the courses has had teachers with expertise in infection control and prevention added to arguments about the development of the subject in the curricula by means of a specific subject or as a transversal theme. Conclusions: In order to cover the complexity of the elements that are interconnected for professional training, teaching must be based on pedagogical strategies that provoke reflection in students, encouraging them to develop critical thinking about their experiences.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer la percepción de los profesionales con experiencia en prevención y control de infección sobre la enseñanza de las competencias para la prevención y control de infecciones relacionadas a la asistencia a la salud en los cursos de graduación del área de la salud. Método: Se utilizó la técnica Delphi, desarrollada en cuatro rondas secuenciales. Participaron del estudio 31 enfermeros y 8 médicos. Los datos cualitativos fueron analizados por medio del análisis de contenido y los cuantitativos, a partir de la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Ha surgido la importancia de que los cursos tengan docentes con experiencia en prevención y control de infecciones. Sumada a las argumentaciones sobre el desarrollo del tema en los currículos por medio de una disciplina específica o como tema transversal. Conclusiones: Para abarcar la complejidad de los elementos que se interconectan para la formación profesional, la enseñanza debe guiarse en estrategias pedagógicas que instiguen la reflexión en el estudiante, estimulándolo a desarrollar el pensamiento crítico sobre sus vivencias.

RESUMO Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção dos profissionais com expertise em prevenção e controle de infecção sobre o ensino das competências para a prevenção e o controle de infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde nos cursos de graduação da área da saúde. Método: Utilizou-se a técnica Delphi, desenvolvida em quatro rodadas sequenciais. Participaram do estudo 31 enfermeiros e oito médicos. Os dados qualitativos foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo; os quantitativos, a partir da estatística descritiva. Resultados: Emergiu a importância de os cursos contarem com docentes com expertise em prevenção e controle de infecções. Somada a argumentações sobre o desenvolvimento do tema nos currículos por meio de uma disciplina específica ou como tema transversal. Conclusões: Para abranger a complexidade dos elementos que se interligam para a formação profissional, o ensino deve pautar-se em estratégias pedagógicas que instiguem a reflexão no estudante, estimulando-o a desenvolver o pensamento crítico sobre suas vivências.

Origem e desenvolvimento da Naturologia no Brasil: aspectos conceituais, históricos e políticos / Origin and development of Naturology in Brazil: conceptual, historical and political aspects

O primeiro bacharelado reconhecido pelo MEC de Naturologia completa 20 anos em 2018. A naturologia é uma profissão recente no Brasil, a qual busca entender o ser-humano multidimensionalmente e respeitar a singularidade humana na busca de bem-estar, qualidade de vida e saúde através da relação de interagência e das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares. Este texto aborda um breve histórico das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares e Naturologia no Brasil, o processo de reconhecimento da ocupação e regulamentação da profissão. O texto também explora os campos de atuação do naturólogo, órgãos de representação profissional, principais eventos científicos e publicações importantes da área.(AU)

The first course recognized bu the Ministry of Education of Naturology completes 20 years in 2018. Naturology is a new profession in Brazil, one which seeks to understand the human being in a multi-dimensional way, and respect human singularity in its search for well-being, quality of life and health trough a relationship of interagency and Complementary and Intrgrative Pratices. The present article addresses a brief history of Comlementary and Integrative Pratices and Naturology in Brazil, the process of recognizing the occupation and regulation of the profession. The paper also explores the fields in which the naturologist is active, the bodies of professional representation, the main scientific events and important publications in the field.(AU)

Reflexões sobre a prática do residente terapeuta ocupacional na estratégiasaúde da família no município de São Carlos / About the therapist occupational residence practice at family healthcarestrategy in São Carlos

O olhar dos residentes egressos de Terapia Ocupacional sobre suas práticas na Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família e Comunidade da UFSCar foi o objetivo deste estudo.Durante o programa de pós-graduação “lato sensu”, de ensino em serviço, os residentes desenvolvem competências de cuidado individual e coletivo, gestão, educação permanente e pesquisa, na lógica do apoio matricial, inseridos em Unidades de Saúde da Família do município. Responderam a um questionário on-line, sete dos oito residentes formados de 2007 a 2011. O material empírico foi agrupado em blocos a partir de um entendimentoda hermenêutica dialética em diálogo com o referencial teórico e o projeto pedagógico da residência. Embora com diferenças, todos os residentes puderam reconhecer, de forma ampliada, aspráticas e os preceitos da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Nos relatos,associaram o cuidado individual e coletivo ao núcleo de saber da Terapia Ocupacional, e associaram as ações coletivas, de gestão e de educação permanente, ao campo de saber da Saúde Coletiva. Os egressos reconheceram a residência como fundamental para sua formação pessoal e profissional...

This study, based on dialectical hermeneutics, investigated the view of occupational therapists posgraduatesat University of São Carlos about their practices. During the residence, they worked in a Unit of Family Healthcare in which they are inserted in a matrix organization model and they hadpermanent education and research based in practice, learning about management of health services, individual and collective care. Seven graduates, who concluded the residence between 2007 and 2011, answered an on-line questionnaire. This materialwas grouped in accordance to comprehensive and critical social reality knowledge based in the pedagogic project and residence theory. Although each student has had different view, everyone experienced and recognized, generally, the practice accordingto Family Health Strategy precepts: comprehensive health care,interdisciplinary, intersectionality, networking, social control, co-responsibility, autonomy and protagonism. Moreover, the answers demonstrated an association between care (individual and collective) to occupational therapy center of knowledge, and groups management and permanent education were associated to community health. In conclusion, the posgraduates recognizedthe residence as a fundamental experience to their personal andprofessional formation...

Percepção de estudantes do curso de fisioterapia sobre sua formação profissional para atuação na atenção básica no Sistema Único de Saúde / Perception of Physical Therapy students about their training to work for the Brazilian Unified Health System / Percepción de estudiantes del curso de fisioterapia sobre su formación profesional para actuación en la atención básica en el Sistema Único de Salud

A implantação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e a busca dos seus princípios têm suscitado mudanças nas práticas de saúde, promovendo alterações no processo de formação e desenvolvimento de profissionais da área. Nesse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a percepção de estudantes do Curso de Fisioterapia de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) pública, na cidade de Teresina (PI), sobre sua formação para prestação de serviços na área de atenção básica no SUS. Estudo transversal com aplicação de questionário especificamente elaborado para o estudo. A amostra foi composta por 42 dos 54 acadêmicos do Curso de Fisioterapia, matriculados do 6º ao 10º período. Os resultados mostram que 81% dos alunos afirmaram ter conhecimentos sobre o SUS proporcionados pela IES. Observou-se que somente os alunos integrantes da amostra que cursavam o 10º período (28,6%) realizaram estágio em saúde coletiva e fisioterapia comunitária. Foi verificado que 91,7% dos alunos do último ano e 43,3% dos alunos representativos dos demais períodos se julgaram aptos para atuar no sistema de saúde. Assim, constatou-se que, em sua maioria, os acadêmicos entrevistados detêm conhecimentos sobre o SUS, adquiridos em sua graduação, e acreditam estar preparados para atuar no sistema, principalmente após a realização do estágio supervisionado...

The implementation of the Unified Health System in Brazil (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS) and the search for its principles have led to changes in health practices, promoting alterations in the formation and development processes of the professionals of the field. In this context, this study aims to determine the perception of Physical Therapy students from a Higher Education Institution in the city of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, on their training to provide services for SUS, by means of the application of a questionnaire specifically designed for this study. The research sample was composed of 42 out of the 54 students of Physical Therapy enrolled from the 6th to the 10th periods, which is also the last period of the course. The results show that 81% of academicians reported knowing something about SUS because of higher education institution. It was observed that only members of the sample attending the 10th period (28.6%) were interns in the public health system and community physical therapy. It was found that 91.7% of students from the 10th period and 43.3% of the students representing the other periods judged themselves to be able to work with the system. Thus, it appears that most interviewed students are aware of SUS, because of graduation, and believe to be prepared to work with the health system, especially after the supervised internship...

La implantación del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) y la búsqueda de sus principios han suscitado cambios en las prácticas de salud, promoviendo alteraciones en el proceso de formación y desarrollo de profesionales del área. En ese contexto, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo verificar la percepción de estudiantes del Curso de Fisioterapia de una Institución de Enseñanza Superior (IES) pública, en la ciudad de Teresina (PI), sobre su formación para prestación de servicios en el área de atención básica en el SUS. Estudio transversal con aplicación de cuestionario específicamente elaborado para el estudio. La muestra fue compuesta por 42 de los 54 académicos del Curso de Fisioterapia, matriculados del 6º al 10º período. Los resultados muestran que 81% de los alumnos afirmaron tener conocimientos sobre el SUS proporcionados por la IES. Se observó que solamente los alumnos integrantes de la muestra que cursaban el 10º período (28,6%) realizaron pasantía en salud colectiva y fisioterapia comunitaria. Fue verificado que 91,7% de los alumnos del último año y 43,3% de los alumnos representativos de los demás períodos se juzgaron aptos para actuar en el sistema de salud. Así, se constató que, en su mayoría, los académicos entrevistados poseen conocimientos sobre el SUS, adquiridos en su graduación, y creen estar preparados para actuar en el sistema, principalmente después de la realización de la pasantía supervisada...

[Perception of epidemiological competencies by public health students in Mexico and Colombia during the influenza A (H1N1) epidemic]. / Percepción de competencias en epidemiología en México y Colombia durante la epidemia de influenza A (H1N1) entre estudiantes de salud pública.

OBJECTIVE: Learn about the perception of public health students in Mexico and Colombia regarding the management of the influenza A (H1N1) epidemic to determine which curriculum contents in epidemiological education can be improved. METHODS: Survey administered to graduate students during the epidemic, from June to August 2009. The 30 epidemiological competencies for "intermediate epidemiologists" of the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists were evaluated. The results were described through stratification by covariables, and the less developed competencies were identified through exploratory factor analysis. RESULTS: A total of 154 students participated, 55.8% of whom were in Mexico. Significant differences in the student profile from each country were observed, which partially explains the perception of response to the epidemic. The first factor, which explains 21.5% of the variance, had lower scores in the factor analysis. This factor was associated with competencies related to the links between health personnel and the community, in which knowledge of the social sciences and communication skills are relevant. CONCLUSIONS: The students perceived that the response to the epidemic could have been better. It is suggested that public health human resources education include subjects related to the impact of culture on behavior and thinking, recognition of the prejudices of experts, effective community-level communication, and the ability to adapt to new situations. The "natural experiment" of the epidemic facilitated the identification of areas of opportunity to improve the teaching of epidemiology to health personnel.

Percepción de competencias en epidemiología en México y Colombia durante la epidemia de influenza A (H1N1) entre estudiantes de salud pública / Perception of epidemiological competencies by public health students in Mexico and Colombia during the influenza A (H1N1) epidemic

OBJETIVO: Conocer la percepción que los estudiantes de salud pública en México y en Colombia tuvieron sobre el manejo de la epidemia de influenza A (H1N1), como una forma para indagar qué contenidos curriculares pueden ser mejorados en la formación en epidemiología. MÉTODOS: Encuesta durante la epidemia, entre junio y agosto de 2009, a estudiantes de posgrado. Se evaluaron las 30 competencias epidemiológicas del Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists para "epidemiólogos intermedios". Se describieron los resultados estratificando por covariables, y se identificaron las competencias con menor desarrollo mediante análisis factorial exploratorio. RESULTADOS: Participaron 154 estudiantes, de los cuales 55,8 por ciento estaban en México. Se observaron diferencias importantes en el perfil de los estudiantes de ambos países, lo cual explica parcialmente la percepción de respuesta a la epidemia. En el análisis factorial el primer factor, que explica 21,5 por ciento de la varianza, presentó menores puntajes y se asoció con competencias relacionadas con el vínculo entre el personal sanitario y la comunidad, donde resultan relevantes conocimientos de ciencias sociales y habilidades de comunicación. CONCLUSIONES: Los estudiantes percibieron que la respuesta frente a la epidemia podría haber sido mejor. Se sugiere incorporar en la educación de los recursos humanos en salud pública temáticas sobre cultura y sus efectos sobre conductas y pensamientos, el reconocimiento de los prejuicios de los expertos, la comunicación efectiva con las comunidades, y la habilidad para adaptarse ante nuevas situaciones. El "experimento natural" de la epidemia facilitó la identificación de áreas de oportunidad para mejorar la enseñanza de la epidemiología ante contingencias sanitarias.

OBJECTIVE: Learn about the perception of public health students in Mexico and Colombia regarding the management of the influenza A (H1N1) epidemic to determine which curriculum contents in epidemiological education can be improved. METHODS: Survey administered to graduate students during the epidemic, from June to August 2009. The 30 epidemiological competencies for "intermediate epidemiologists" of the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists were evaluated. The results were described through stratification by covariables, and the less developed competencies were identified through exploratory factor analysis. RESULTS: A total of 154 students participated, 55.8 percent of whom were in Mexico. Significant differences in the student profile from each country were observed, which partially explains the perception of response to the epidemic. The first factor, which explains 21.5 percent of the variance, had lower scores in the factor analysis. This factor was associated with competencies related to the links between health personnel and the community, in which knowledge of the social sciences and communication skills are relevant. CONCLUSIONS: The students perceived that the response to the epidemic could have been better. It is suggested that public health human resources education include subjects related to the impact of culture on behavior and thinking, recognition of the prejudices of experts, effective community-level communication, and the ability to adapt to new situations. The "natural experiment" of the epidemic facilitated the identification of areas of opportunity to improve the teaching of epidemiology to health personnel.

Youth violence prevention curriculum for undergraduate nursing and allied health students.

This paper presents the curriculum-development process, implementation, and relevant evaluation outcomes of the Introduction to Violence Prevention in Children and Youth (INTD 4065) course designed by the Center for Hispanic Youth Violence Prevention (CHYVP) of the University of Puerto Rico. The training curriculum was implemented in the academic year 2003-2004 as an undergraduate interdisciplinary three-credit course for nursing and allied health students at one of the schools of the Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico. Objectives for the curriculum include developing competencies in child and youth violence prevention in undergraduate allied health and nursing students and promoting involvement of undergraduate health professionals in child and youth violence prevention efforts.

Facilitating culturally integrated behaviors among allied health students.

This article offers a perspective on why culturally integrated behaviors are important for allied health education and suggestions of methods to facilitate such behaviors. Literature and theory are used to support cultural integration in allied health curricula. Examples of learning experiences from students in cross-cultural environments and reflections on those experiences further elucidate facilitation methods.