ABSTRACT
Urinary Alzheimer-associated neural thread protein (AD7c-NTP) is a potential biomarker of Alzheimer disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). It is still unclear whether the urinary levels of AD7c-NTP are different between patients with amnestic MCI (aMCI) and nonamnestic MCI (naMCI). The present study aimed to explore the differences in urinary levels of AD7c-NTP between patients with aMCI and naMCI. Forty-six patients with MCI were divided into aMCI group (n = 23) and naMCI group (n = 23). The mean level of urinary AD7c-NTP in the aMCI group (32.75 ± 10.0 µg/mL) was significantly higher than that in the naMCI group (25.34 ± 9.0 µg/mL; P = .011). As far as we know, the present study is the first to show that individuals with aMCI have higher levels of urinary AD7c-NTP than those with naMCI, suggesting that urinary AD7c-NTP may be a potential biomarker to help identify patients with aMCI and naMCI.
Subject(s)
Amnesia/urine , Biomarkers/urine , Cognitive Dysfunction/urine , Nerve Tissue Proteins/urine , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To examine the initial neuroendocrine responses and subsequent PTSD symptomatology among amnesic and non-amnesic victims of motor vehicle accidents. It was hypothesized that amnesic patients would be less likely to meet PTSD criteria at 1 month follow-up and would display lower catechalomine levels and higher basal cortisol than non-amnesics. METHODS AND PROCEDURE: Fifteen-hour urinary hormone samples were collected from 70 MVA victims upon hospital admission. Participants were assessed for PTSD symptomatology 1 month later. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Amnesic patients displayed lower NE/cortisol ratios than non-amnesics, were less likely than non-amnesics to develop PTSD, and displayed fewer PTSD symptoms than non-amnesics. CONCLUSIONS: Amnesics may physiologically experience a motor vehicle accident differently from non-amnesics and have lower subsequent PTSD incidence. These results provide partial support for the hypothesis that amnesia for a traumatic event can serve as a buffering function in the development of subsequent PTSD among MVA victims.
Subject(s)
Accidents, Traffic , Amnesia/etiology , Brain Injuries/complications , Catecholamines/urine , Hydrocortisone/urine , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Amnesia/psychology , Amnesia/urine , Brain Injuries/physiopathology , Brain Injuries/psychology , Brain Injuries/urine , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Injury Severity Score , Male , Middle Aged , Midwestern United States , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/physiopathology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/urineABSTRACT
Two patients exposed to high concentrations of toluene in air (greater than 7000 mg/m3) were found at the bottom of a small swimming pool under construction. Their symptoms were stupefaction, paresis, and amnesia. Patient A had been exposed for three hours and patient B for two hours. Ninety minutes after the exposure, the toluene blood concentration in patient A was 4.1 mg/l and in patient B 2.2 mg/l. Urinary ortho-cresol secretion was shown to be a good index of exposure to toluene. After high level exposure, urinary meta-cresol excretion may also be used to monitor toluene exposure.
