ABSTRACT
Glomerular diseases with severe defects in glomerular permeability give rise to heavy proteinuria and can present as nephrotic syndrome. There are many different causes of the nephrotic syndrome and a renal biopsy is nearly always needed to elucidate the underlying disease. During the last decade, substantial advances have occurred in the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in immune-mediated glomerular diseases. Here, we review the diagnostic and prognostic implications of recent progress on the understanding of membranous nephropathy, minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, amyloidosis, IgA nephropathy and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.
Subject(s)
Amyloid Neuropathies/diagnosis , Glomerulonephritis/diagnosis , Kidney/metabolism , Nephrotic Syndrome/diagnosis , Proteinuria/diagnosis , Amyloid Neuropathies/immunology , Animals , Biopsy , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Glomerulonephritis/immunology , Humans , Kidney/pathology , Nephrotic Syndrome/immunology , Prognosis , Proteinuria/immunologySubject(s)
Amyloid Neuropathies/physiopathology , Aged , Amyloid Neuropathies/immunology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Monoclonal gammopathies are frequently observed in subjects older than 50 years. Understanding the pathogenetic role of paraproteins in peripheral nervous system damage is a necessary step to establish a link between the monoclonal gammopathy and neuropathy. The clinical, electrophysiological, biological and histopathological features of these neuropathies related to paraproteins are important to ensure appropriate treatments.
