ABSTRACT
Removal of the anal sacs is a frequently performed surgery in dogs. It is most often indicated for definitive treatment of chronic anal sacculitis. The anal sacs are intimately associated with the external anal sphincter; therefore, fecal incontinence resulting from damage to this muscle or its innervation is a potential complication of anal sacculectomy. Fistula formation and incisional infection are other possible complications. In general, the overall incidence of complications after anal sacculectomy is low.
Subject(s)
Anal Sacs/surgery , Anus Diseases/veterinary , Dog Diseases/surgery , Anal Sacs/anatomy & histology , Anal Sacs/innervation , Animals , Anus Diseases/surgery , Dogs , Fecal Incontinence/etiology , Fecal Incontinence/surgery , Fecal Incontinence/veterinary , Postoperative Complications/veterinaryABSTRACT
Conventional methods have been used to study the general configuration of the wall of the Sinus paranalis in dogs. Apocrine tubular glands, elastic fibres and smooth-muscle fibres are the more significant elements of the wall, together with the epithelium and connective tissue. By means of the immunohistochemical method described in this paper, the results provide histochemical evidence for the presence of an AChE-positive reaction, and supposedly cholinergic nerve fibres in the wall of the dog anal sacs, mainly associated with subepithelial smooth muscle, vessels, and glands.
Subject(s)
Anal Sacs/anatomy & histology , Dogs/anatomy & histology , Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism , Anal Sacs/enzymology , Anal Sacs/innervation , Animals , Female , Immunoenzyme Techniques , MaleABSTRACT
The apocrine glands of the oral angle of the squirrel, and of the hairy skin of the body and the anal sacs of the cat possess cholinergic and adrenergic innervation. Their secretory tubules are enlaced by cholinergic nerves containing chiefly non-specific cholinesterase; the acetylcholinesterase concentration in them is very low in the squirrel and i the glands of the skin of the cat's body, and higher in the glands of the anal sac of the cat. The adrenergic nerve fibers of the apocrine glands possess a very low monoamine oxidase concentration; however, their nonmyelinated terminals, lying on the secretory cells and reaching the lumen of the secretory division, are rich in monoamine oxidase. The innervation of the apocrine and eccrine sweat glands is very similar; in the nerves of the apocrine glands, the acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase concentrations are lower in comparison with the nerves of the eccrine glands; the monoamine oxidase concentration is also lower in cells of the apocrine glands. The question of the essential similarity of the innervation of both types of skin glands - skin and sebaceous - is discussed.
