STAT: Anaphylaxis.

Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening acute allergic reaction that involves more than one system of the body.

Steps to Stock: Keeping Students Safe With Fully Implemented Stock Epinephrine.

Laws have been passed across the United States to either allow or mandate the use of stock epinephrine in the school setting. The challenge remains for our schools to fully implement the use of this life-saving medication. Barriers to implementation exist, but quality tools are available to support the school nurse.

Impact of specific training in anaphylaxis for triage nursing staff in the Pediatric Emergency Department of a Tertiary Hospital

Background: After a diagnosis of anaphylaxis, patients receive action management plans to prevent and treat new episodes, including attending the emergency department for follow-up or further treatment. In a previous study, we observed that more than half of the children with anaphylaxis were incorrectly prioritized in our Pediatric Emergency Unit (PEU), thus delaying their treatment. In conjunction with our PEU staff, we designed a basic educational intervention (BEI) to try to solve this problem. We analyzed the effect of the intervention on triage of children subsequently diagnosed with anaphylaxis. Methods: Our BEI consisted of a training lecture given to the PEU triage nurses and the design of a reference card highlighting symptoms and risk factors of anaphylaxis. We included 138 children with a medical diagnosis of anaphylaxis and assessed modifications in their triage priority level and waiting times (WT) before seeing a physician after our intervention. According to the BEI implementation date, 69 children were diagnosed before the intervention (G1) and 69 after (G2). Clinical data were compared to assess the severity of the episodes. Results: There were no differences between the groups. WT decreased (from 8 to 1 minute; P=.03), and the number of correctly identified patients increased after the BEI (36.2% [G1] and 72.2% [G2]; P=.0001). Conclusions: Our BEI was effective, improving the identification and prioritization of children with anaphylaxis and reducing their WT. We need to pay attention to the functioning of our patients' reference emergency department and establish interdisciplinary measures that enable optimal management of anaphylaxis

Introducción: Tras un diagnóstico de anafilaxia los pacientes reciben planes de tratamiento para prevenir y tratar nuevos episodios, que incluyen acudir a Urgencias para control o tratamiento subsiguientes. Previamente, nuestro grupo había observado que más de la mitad de los niños con anafilaxia eran priorizados incorrectamente en nuestra Unidad de Urgencias de Pediatría (UP). Elaboramos, en colaboración con el personal de UP, una intervención educativa básica (IEB) para resolver el problema. Analizamos el efecto de dicha intervención en el triaje de los niños atendidos posteriormente por anafilaxia. Métodos: Nuestra IEB consistió en una sesión clínica para el personal de enfermería responsable del triaje y diseñamos una Reference Card destacando síntomas y factores de riesgo de anafilaxia.Incluimos 138 niños con diagnóstico de anafilaxia, analizando los cambios en el nivel de prioridad, tiempos de espera para valoración médica (TEM) tras nuestra IEB. Según la fecha de implementación, 69 niños fueron atendidos antes (G1) y el resto después (69). Se compararon además los datos clínicos de los episodios. Resultados: No hubo diferencias en los datos clínicos entre grupos. Los TEM disminuyeron (de 8 a 1 minutos [p: 0,03]), incrementándose las cifras de pacientes priorizados correctamente (36,2% [G1] y 72,2% [G2][p=0,0001]) tras nuestra intervención. Conclusiones: Nuestra EIB ha sido eficaz, mejorando la identificación, priorización de los niños con anafilaxia y reduciendo los TEM. Debemos conocer el funcionamiento de los Servicios de Urgencias de referencia para nuestros pacientes y establecer medidas multidisciplinarias que optimicen el manejo de la anafilaxia

RELIABLE ALLERGY RESOURCES.

Allergic conditions now affect 20% of the Australian population (Mullins et al. 2015). This means that nurses in different clinical practice fields will be involved in involved in caring for patients who may also have an allergic condition.

A Universal Anaphylaxis Emergency Care Plan: Introducing the New Allergy and Anaphylaxis Care Plan From the American Academy of Pediatrics.

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening emergency. In the school setting, school nurses prepare plans to prevent an emergency, educating staff and students on life-threatening allergies. A critical component of any emergency plan is a plan of care in the event of accidental ingestion or exposure to an antigen to prevent the sequelae of untreated anaphylaxis. A universal anaphylaxis emergency care plan developed by the American Academy of Pediatrics and reviewed by NASN offers an opportunity for schools, family, and health care providers to use one standard plan and avoid confusion. The plan and benefits of use are described in this article.

A propósito de un caso: intervenciones enfermeras a una paciente con shock anafiláctico en la UCI / A case report: Nursing interventions on a patient with anaphylactic shock in ICU

Introducción y objetivos: Se presenta el plan de cuidados de una señora de 42 años con shock anafiláctico secundario a la ingesta de amoxiclavulánico, con compromiso de la vía aérea superior por angioedema de laringe. Previamente tuvo 2 episodios de angioedema. La incidencia de este fenómeno oscila entre 3,2 y 10 casos/100.000 personas/año. Observación clínica: Se realizó una valoración donde destacaron tres necesidades alteradas: respiración y circulación (precisó ventilación mecánica invasiva y perfusión de noradrenalina), eliminación (requirió furosemida para mantener diuresis horarias aceptables) e higiene y protección de la piel (presentó hiperemia generalizada, edema labial, lingual y orofaríngeo). El Comité de Ética de Investigación Clínica del Hospital solicitó el consentimiento informado de la paciente para el acceso a la historia clínica. Intervenciones: De acuerdo con las necesidades destacadas, se priorizaron siete diagnósticos según la taxonomía NANDA: riesgo de respuesta alérgica, riesgo de infección, riesgo de perfusión renal ineficaz, disminución del gasto cardíaco, deterioro de la ventilación espontánea, riesgo de nivel de glucemia inestable y riesgo de motilidad gastrointestinal disfuncional. Discusión y conclusiones: Los criterios de resultados evidenciaron una evolución favorable pasadas 24h. El desarrollo del lenguaje estandarizado NANDA-NOC-NIC en el caso clínico presentado nos permitió organizar metodológicamente el trabajo enfermero, facilitando el registro y normalizando la práctica. Como limitación, no se dispuso de niveles plasmáticos de histamina y triptasa para valorar la evolución del cuadro anafiláctico. Destacar la importancia de la educación sanitaria en una paciente con antecedentes de angioedema

Introduction and objectives: The care plan of a 42-year-old woman with anaphylactic shock, secondary to ingestion of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, with upper airway involvement due to laryngeal angioedema, is presented. Previously she had had two episodes of angioedema of unknown origin. The incidence of this phenomenon is between 3.2 and 10 cases/100,000 people/year. Clinical observation: An evaluation was made and three altered necessities stood out: breathing and circulation (she needed mechanical ventilation and noradrenalin perfusion), elimination (she required furosemide to keep an acceptable diuresis time), and hygiene and skin protection (she presented generalised hyperaemia, lip, lingual and oropharyngeal oedema). The hospital's Clinical Research Ethics Committee requested the patient's informed consent to access her clinical history. Interventions: According to the altered necessities, seven diagnoses were prioritised according to NANDA taxonomy: risk of allergic response, risk of infection, risk of ineffective renal perfusion, decreased cardiac output, impaired spontaneous ventilation, risk of unstable blood glucose level, and risk of dysfunctional gastrointestinal motility. Discussion and conclusions: Scores of outcome criteria showed a favourable evolution after 24 hours. The development of a standardised NANDA-NOC-NIC language in the clinical case presented allowed us to organise the nursing work, facilitating recording and normalising clinical practice. As a limitation of this case, we didn’t have serial plasma levels of histamine and tryptase to assess the evolution of anaphylactic symptoms. Highlight the importance of health education in a patient with a history of angioedema

A case report: Nursing interventions on a patient with anaphylactic shock in ICU. / A propósito de un caso: intervenciones enfermeras a una paciente con shock anafiláctico en la UCI.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The care plan of a 42-year-old woman with anaphylactic shock, secondary to ingestion of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, with upper airway involvement due to laryngeal angioedema, is presented. Previously she had had two episodes of angioedema of unknown origin. The incidence of this phenomenon is between 3.2 and 10 cases/100,000 people/year. CLINICAL OBSERVATION: An evaluation was made and three altered necessities stood out: breathing and circulation (she needed mechanical ventilation and noradrenalin perfusion), elimination (she required furosemide to keep an acceptable diuresis time), and hygiene and skin protection (she presented generalised hyperaemia, lip, lingual and oropharyngeal oedema). The hospital's Clinical Research Ethics Committee requested the patient's informed consent to access her clinical history. INTERVENTIONS: According to the altered necessities, seven diagnoses were prioritised according to NANDA taxonomy: risk of allergic response, risk of infection, risk of ineffective renal perfusion, decreased cardiac output, impaired spontaneous ventilation, risk of unstable blood glucose level, and risk of dysfunctional gastrointestinal motility. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Scores of outcome criteria showed a favourable evolution after 24hours. The development of a standardised NANDA-NOC-NIC language in the clinical case presented allowed us to organise the nursing work, facilitating recording and normalising clinical practice. As a limitation of this case, we didn't have serial plasma levels of histamine and tryptase to assess the evolution of anaphylactic symptoms. Highlight the importance of health education in a patient with a history of angioedema.

Nurses struggle to help pupils with long-term conditions.

Most school nurses are not confident they can give essential support to pupils with long-term health conditions. Research by the National Children's Bureau found that, due to heavy workloads and the need to work across several schools, nine out of ten school nurses were less confident they can help children with conditions such as diabetes and asthma.

Epinephrine Policies and Protocols Guidance for Schools: Equipping School Nurses to Save Lives.

In response to limited direction given by legislative bodies to school nurses about how to implement state-mandated or recommended stock epinephrine programs in their schools, NASN convened a workgroup of invested stakeholders. This workgroup was challenged to equip school nurses with the necessary tools to develop policies and protocols regarding stock epinephrine in their school districts. The dynamic workgroup subcommittees focused on policies, procedures, and reporting tools. This article reviews the results of the subcommittees' work and the overall collaboration within the workgroup. This article provides clear, nationally recognized guidance on the best practice for establishing stock epinephrine policies and protocols with reporting tools at the local school district level.

Simultaneous oral mite anaphylaxis (Pancake syndrome) in a father and daughter and a review of the literature

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A pharmacologic review of anaphylaxis.

Anaphylaxis occurs in the surgical population and may have devastating consequences. Anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions are immediate hypersensitivity reactions that are most commonly precipitated by medications, insect stings, and foods. In the surgical population, 47.4% of immediate hypersensitivity reactions were precipitated by neuromuscular blocking agents, followed by latex and antibiotics in 20% and 18.1% of cases, respectively. Initial treatment consists of removing the precipitating trigger, administering epinephrine, and correct patient positioning. Secondary prevention measures should be instituted to prevent future occurrences. All health care professionals should have an understanding of the clinical presentation and medical management of anaphylaxis to improve patient outcomes.

Schoolhouse stock.

Texas does not require schools to stock epinephrine unless it's prescribed for a specific student. Texas allergists are now fighting to pass legislation that would force schools to stock unassigned epinephrine injectors so that coaches, school nurses, and other trained staff could immediately treat students who suffer a severe and unexpected allergic reaction.

Implementation of a stock epinephrine protocol.

The Nevada State Legislature recently mandated that all schools in Nevada have stock epinephrine available. Clark County School District is the fifth largest school district in the nation. This article describes the process utilized by a school nurse task force to implement a mandated stock epinephrine program in the Clark County School District during the 2013-2014 school year.

Emergency anaphylaxis at school.

Nurses in the Milwaukee Public Schools implement a lifesaving response protocol.