Pelvimetric characteristics in agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) bred under human care / Características pelvimétricas em cutias (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) criadas sob cuidados humanos

The aim of the study was to establish the pattern of the agouti pelvis by obtaining external and radiographic internal pelvimetric values. Forty-three agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha), females and males bred in under human care were used. The parameters measured were the external biiliac diameter; the external biischiatic diameter; right and left external ilioischiatic diameters and radiographic internal measurements (true conjugated, the diagonal conjugated; the vertical, the sacral, sagittal, coxal tuberosity, upper biiliac, lower biiliac, and biischiatic diameter. The inlet pelvic area and the outlet pelvic area were calculated, as well the height/width ratios of the entrance area of the pelvis and the pelvic outlet area were calculated. The mean values for each body measurement of females and males were: weight 1.91kg and 2.04kg, external biiliac diameter 6.32cm and 6.30cm, external biischiatic diameter 4.34cm and 4.28cm, right external ilioischiatic diameter 9.01cm and 9.33cm, left external ilioischiatic diameter 9.13cm and 9.30cm, true conjugated 3.90cm and 3.68cm, diagonal conjugated 7.13cm and 6.91cm, vertical diameter 2.59cm and 2.45cm, sacral diameter 2.63cm and 2.44cm, sagittal diameter 3.30cm and 3.09cm, coxal tuberosity diameter 2.52cm and 2.43cm, upper biiliac diameter 6.28cm and 6.24cm, lower biiliac diameter 2.98cm and 2.58cm, biischiatic diameter 2.60cm and 2.70cm, height/width ratio - vertical/ lower biiliac diameter 0.88cm and 0.95cm, sagital/coxal tuberosity diameter 1.32cm and 1.28cm, inlet pelvic area 82.38cm and 77.83cm and outlet pelvic area 24.76cm and 20.07cm. Agouti are dolichopelvic animals, demonstrating the existence of a discrete sexual dimorphism in adults and low intensity correlations between the external and internal measures studied.

O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer o padrão da pelve de cutia, masculina e feminina, por meio da obtenção dos valores médios da pelvimetria externa e interna radiográfica. Foram utilizadas 43 cutias (Dasyprocta prymnolopha), fêmeas e machos criadas sob cuidados humanos. Os parâmetros medidos foram o diâmetro biilíaco externo; o diâmetro biisquiático externo; diâmetros ilioisquiáticos externos direito e esquerdo e medidas internas radiográficas (diâmetros conjugado verdadeiro, diagonal conjugado, vertical, sacral, sagital, tuberosidade coxal, biilíaco superior, biilíaco inferior e diâmetro biisquiático). A área pélvica de entrada e a área pélvica de saída foram calculadas , assim como foram calculadas as razões altura/largura da área de entrada da pelve e da área de saída da pelve. Os valores médios para as medidas das fêmeas e dos machos foram, respectivamente: peso 1,91kg e 2,04kg, diâmetro biilíaco externo 6,32cm e 6,30 cm, diâmetro ilioisquiático externo 4,34cm e 4,28cm, diâmetro ilioisquiático externo direito 9,01cm e 9,33cm, diâmetro ilioisquiático externo esquerdo 9,13cm e 9,30cm, diâmetro conjugado verdadeiro 3,90cm e 3,68cm, diâmetro conjugado diagonal 7,13cm e 6,91cm, diâmetro vertical 2,59cm e 2,45cm, diâmetro sacral 2,63cm e 2,44cm, diâmetro sagital 3,30cm e 3,09cm, tuberosidade coxal diâmetro 2,52cm e 2,43cm, diâmetro biilíaco superior 6,28cm e 6,24cm, diâmetro biilíaco inferior 2,98cm e 2,58cm, diâmetro biisquiático 2,60cm e 2,70cm, relação altura/largura - vertical/diâmetro biilíaco inferior 0,88cm e 0,95cm, diâmetro sagital/coxal tuberosidade 1,32cm e 1,28cm, área pélvica de entrada 82,38cm e 77,83 cm e área pélvica de saída 24,76cm e 20,07cm. As cutias são animais dolicopélvicos, demonstrando a existência de um discreto dimorfismo sexual em adultos e correlações de baixa intensidade entre as medidas externas e internas estudadas.

High field magnetic resonance imaging is comparable with gross anatomy for description of the normal appearance of soft tissues in the equine stifle.

High field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used for horses with suspected stifle disease, however there is limited available information on normal imaging anatomy and potential incidental findings. The aim of this prospective, anatomic study was to develop an optimized high field MRI protocol for evaluation of the equine stifle and provide detailed descriptions of the normal MRI appearance of the stifle soft tissues, using ultrasound and gross pathological examination as comparison tests. Nine cadaver limbs were acquired from clinically normal horses. Stifles were evaluated ultrasonographically and then by an extensive 1.5 T MRI protocol. Subsequently, all stifles were evaluated for gross pathologic change. Findings were compared between gross evaluation and MRI imaging and described. No soft tissue structure abnormalities were identified on any evaluation. Specific descriptive findings of the meniscotibial, meniscofemoral, collateral, patellar and cruciate ligaments, and the menisci were reported. The high field MRI protocol described in this study provided high spatial and contrast resolution of the soft tissue structures, and this in turn allowed visualization of detailed structural characteristics, such as striations and variations in signal intensity. Findings supported the use of high field MRI as a modality for the evaluation of the soft tissues of the equine stifle. As clinical availability of this modality increases in the future, authors anticipate that new stifle diseases will be detected that have not previously been identified with other imaging modalities.

Estudo genético-quantitativo de medidas lineares de eqüinos da raça Mangalarga Marchador -I. Estimativas dos fatores de ambiente e parâmetros genéticos / Genetic-quantitative study of body measurements of Mangalarga Marchador horse bred in Brazil -I. Estimates of genetic and environmental effects

Embora o interesse em pesquisas sobre morfologia em algumas espécies tenha sido menor do que aquele proporcionado aos estudos sobre a produtividade, as características em eqüinos são importantes por estarem intrinsecamente relacionadas à sua funcionalidade de aptidão. Desta forma, os objetivos do presente estudo foram os de estimar herdabilidades e correlações fenotípicas e genéticas entre doze medidas corporais provenientes dos Livros de Registro Genealógicos da Associação Brasileira dos Criadores do Cavalo Mangalarga Marchador, entre 1967 e 1992, por ocasião do Registro Genealógico de 29.076 animais. As estimativas foram efetuadas pelo método dos quadrados mínimos, através do programa Harvey (1990). Os efeitos fixos de ano, idade à avaliação e sexo foram significativos para a maioria das medidas estudadas. Estimativas de herdabilidade apresentam valores de moderados (0,40 para o perímetro torácico) a altos (0,80 para o comprimento do dorso), com um valor médio para as doze medidas corporais de 0,56, evidenciando a importância do componente genético aditivo nas características morfológicas dos animais Mangalarga Marchador. As correlações genéticas entre as características variaram de -0,09 (perímetro da canela-comprimento do dorso) a 0,96 (altura na cernelha - altura na garupa). Sessenta e três das 66 correlações possíveis (95,5%) apresentaram sinal positivo e destas, 40 (60,6%) apresentaram valor igual ou superior a 0,30. Este achado demonstra o sinergismo existente entre a maioria das características estudadas.

The objective of this study was to estimate heritabilities, genetic and phenotypic correlation of twelve body measurements of the Brazilian horse bred Mangalarga Marchador. Records from 29,076 animais, measured between 1967 and 1992, were analyzed by Least-Square and Maximum Likelihood Computer Program (Harvey, 1990). The fixed effect of year, age, and sex of foal were signifcant for most of the characteristics. Heritability estimates varied between 0.40 (thoracic diameter) to 0.80 (back length), with a medium value of 0.56, characterizing the importance of the genetic component of body measurements in horses. Genetic correlations varied between -0.09 (cannon diameter-back length) and 0.96 (withers height). Sixty-three of the 66 possible correlations (95.5%) were positive; 40 (60.6%) were superior to 0.30. lt was evident that selection for one (or combination) of traits would have effect on almost all other morphological traits.