Nursing care of transradial angiography and intervention in a tertiary hospital in Shanghai: a best practice implementation project.

BACKGROUND: Coronary heart disease is common in the general population and is estimated to cause as many deaths worldwide as cancer. Percutaneous coronary angiography and intervention is the most common method in the diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease. To achieve best practice in the nursing care of transradial angiography and intervention, there is an urgent need for clinical knowledge. OBJECTIVES: This aim of this project was to improve clinical nursing care for transradial angiography and intervention in Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai. METHODS: Seven criteria identified from evidence by the Joanna Briggs Institute were audited in the coronary care unit of Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai. Twenty-three nurses and 80 patients were involved. The Joanna Briggs Institute Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System and Getting Research into Practice audit tools for promoting change in health practice were used to examine compliance with the criteria before and after the implementation of best practice. The program included three phases and was conducted over six months. RESULTS: This best practice implementation project improved the rates of written discharge instructions and radial artery patency assessment at the first post-procedure from 0% to 100%. Implementation rates for pre-procedural checklist as well as the radial artery patency assessment before discharge were 100% at baseline. Pre-procedural checklists including adequate criteria reached 78%, up from 0%. The implementation rate for regular monitoring of vital signs recorded for the first two hours post-procedure reached 22% from 0%. The implementation rate for details of discharge instructions, including procedure review, limitation of physical activity, general physical status, comorbidities, medication reconciliation and follow-up appointment improved from 36.6% to 100%. Barriers to implementation were identified as: (1) the structured pre-procedural checklist not being ready, (2) nurses lacking knowledge regarding discharge education for transradial angiography and intervention, (3) heavy clinical workload and lack of time, and (4) nurses lacking awareness and enthusiasm for implementing discharge education. CONCLUSION: This project achieved significant improvements in establishing evidence-based practice in nursing care of transradial angiography and intervention for patients. Strategies for sustaining best practice should continue to be developed in the future.

Post-kidney transplantation external iliac artery stenosis due to vascular clamp: report of a case / Estenose de artéria ilíaca externa após transplante renal devido a clampe vascular: relato de um caso

We report a case of right external iliac artery stenosis after kidney transplantation surgery caused by vascular clamp application injury. The patient presented with claudication of the ipsilateral lower limb and the lesion was diagnosed angiographically. The patient was treated with endovascular stent placement...

Relatamos um caso de estenose da artéria ilíaca externa direita após cirurgia de transplante renal causada por lesão durante a colocação de um clampe vascular. O paciente apresentou claudicação do membro inferior ipsilateral e a lesão foi diagnosticada angiograficamente. O paciente foi tratado com colocação de stent endovascular...

Central vascular catheter insertion in the NICU: a Lean approach.

PURPOSE: To apply Lean principles to the process of inserting central lines into neonates in the NICU. DESIGN: The authors used standard interviews and live observations to obtain concrete data on the current process of central line insertions. Recommendations for improvement were then suggested based on Lean principles. SAMPLE: NICU care providers. MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLE: Non-value-added time (waste), provider confidence, and variation in placing central lines. RESULTS: There was large variation in how providers inserted central lines, and providers were least confident with placing peripherally inserted central catheter lines (55 percent confident). Live observations showed that 53 percent of the current process consisted of waste, with the line insertion and radiography phases of the process as the most wasteful. Lean principles can be applied to a neonatal clinical setting and can be an effective methodology for NICU care providers to improve the way that we care for our patients.

Radiographic assessment of umbilical venous and arterial catheter tip location.

Umbilical venous and arterial catheters are routinely used in the care of critically ill patients in neonatal intensive care settings. Providers caring for these vulnerable patients have a role in ensuring that catheter tips remain in an appropriate position. The ideal anatomic tip location for both types of umbilical catheters is reviewed, and the evaluation of this position via radiographic study is discussed. Umbilical venous catheters (UVCs) and umbilical arterial catheters (UACs) have their own different complications. Complications of a malpositioned catheter of either type can be life threatening; therefore, evaluation of catheter tip location is an important skill in the provision of neonatal intensive care.

Radiation dose of nurses during IR procedures: a controlled trial evaluating operator alerts before nursing tasks.

PURPOSE: To compare radiation exposure of nurses when performing nursing tasks associated with interventional procedures depending on whether or not the nurses called out to the operator before approaching the patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a prospective study, 93 interventional radiology procedures were randomly divided into a call group and a no-call group; there were 50 procedures in the call group and 43 procedures in the no-call group. Two monitoring badges were used to calculate effective dose of nurses. In the call group, the nurse first told the operator she was going to approach the patient each time she was about to do so. In the no-call group, the nurse did not say anything to the operator when she was about to approach the patient. RESULTS: In all the nursing tasks, the equivalent dose at the umbilical level inside the lead apron was below the detectable limit. The equivalent dose at the sternal level outside the lead apron was 0.16 µSv ± 0.41 per procedure in the call group and 0.51 µSv ± 1.17 per procedure in the no-call group. The effective dose was 0.018 µSv ± 0.04 per procedure in the call group and 0.056 µSv ± 0.129 per procedure in the no-call group. The call group had a significantly lower radiation dose (P = .034). CONCLUSIONS: Radiation doses of nurses were lower in the group in which the nurse called to the operator before she approached the patient.

Traumatic arteriovenous fistula of the superficial temporal artery / Fístula arteriovenosa traumática de artéria temporal superficial

Arteriovenous fistulae of the superficial temporal artery are rare, and their principal cause is traumas. Complications include pulsatile mass, headache, hemorrhage and deformities that compromise esthetics. Treatment can be performed using conventional surgery or endovascular methods. The authors describe a case of a 44-year-old male patient who developed a large pulsating mass, extending from the preauricular region to the right parietotemporal and frontal regions after a motorcycle accident. The treatment chosen was complete surgical removal of the pulsatile mass and ligature of the vessels feeding the fistula.

As fístulas arteriovenosas de artéria temporal superficial são raras, sendo o trauma sua etiologia principal. Suas complicações incluem massa pulsátil, cefaleia, hemorragia e deformidade estética. O tratamento pode ser realizado por cirurgia convencional ou endovascular. Os autores relatam o caso de um paciente de 44 anos que evoluiu com massa pulsátil extensa desde região pré-auricular até região parietotemporal e frontal direita após acidente motociclístico. Optou-se por remoção cirúrgica completa da massa pulsátil e ligadura dos vasos nutridores da fístula.

Avanços nos materiais e no tratamento endovascular de oclusões arteriais crônicas totais: um relato de caso / Advances in materials and endovascular treatment of chronic total arterial occlusions: a case report

As oclusões arteriais crônicas totais com forte componente cálcico são ainda nos dias atuais, um fator muitas vezes limitante para o tratamento endovascular devido à dificuldade em transpor estas lesões com fios-guia e cateteres habitualmente utilizados. Revisamos a literatura e descrevemos um caso de tratamento endovascular de uma oclusão total de artéria ilíaca externa, onde o uso de novos materiais desenvolvidos especificamente para o tratamento deste tipo de lesão foi determinante para o sucesso do caso.

Chronic arterial occlusions with great calcium component are usually a factor of limitation to endovascular treatment to the difficulty to transpose these lesions with guidewires and catheters commonly used. We reviewed the literature and described a case of endovascular treatment of a total occlusion of external iliac artery, where the use of new materials developed specifically to the treatment of such injuries was critical to the success of the case.

Tratamento cirúrgico de pseudoaneurisma de artéria isquiática: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Surgical treatment of false aneurysm of the sciatic artery: case report and literature review

A persistência da artéria isquiática é uma rara variação anatômica, com poucos casos descritos na literatura, manifestando-se por formação de aneurisma, massa pulsátil em glúteo, isquemia aguda ou crônica de membro inferior e compressão de nervo isquiático. O diagnóstico é confirmado com exames de imagem: mapeamento duplex, angiotomografia e angiorressonância magnética. O tratamento é indicado nos casos sintomáticos ou quando há formação de aneurisma, realizado através de ligadura ou embolização por via endovascular, sendo necessário a revascularização do membro nos casos em que a artéria isquiática é a principal responsável pelo suprimento sangüíneo do membro. Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 43 anos, com pseudoaneurisma de artéria isquiática confirmada por mapeamento duplex e angiorressonância magnética, com quadro de neuropatia isquiática por compressão nervosa e dor local. A paciente foi submetida à exploração cirúrgica com ligadura da artéria isquiática e remoção dos trombos. No seguimento de 12 meses, apresentou importante melhora da dor e realizou fisioterapia motora para recuperação das funções neurológicas do membro.

The persistent sciatic artery is a rare anatomical variation, with few cases described on the literature. It presents clinically as aneurysm formation, pulsate gluteal mass, acute or chronic limb ischemia and sciatic nerve compression. Diagnosis is confirmed by imaging methods: duplex scan, CT angiographt and magnetic resonance angiography. Treatment is indicated in symptomatic cases and when there is aneurysm formation and it is performed by ligation of the sciatic artery or endovascular embolization, associated with limb revascularization in the cases the sciatic artery is the main blood supply to the limb. We report the case of a 43 year-old female patient, ,with a false aneurysm of the sciatic artery confirmed by duplex scan and magnetic resonance angiography who had local pain and sciatic neuropathy due to neural compression. Surgical exploration was performed, with ligation of sciatic artery and thrombus removal. At the 12 months follow up there was significant pain relief and she was performing motor physical therapy to recover the neurological functions of the limb.

Tratamento endovascular das obstruções venosas crônicas do segmento iliocaval / Endovascular treatment of chronic obstructions of the iliocaval segment

A insuficiência venosa crônica é um grave problema de saúde pública no mundo, consumindo grandes quantias de recursos e causando grande prejuízo na qualidade de vida dos pacientes portadores de suas formas mais avançadas. A cirurgia para o tratamento de obstruções no sistema venoso profundo não foi incorporada à prática da maioria dos cirurgiões vasculares, ficando restrita a poucos centros em alguns países. Com o advento da cirurgia endovascular, a possibilidade de tratar alguns tipos de lesões obstrutivas por uma técnica minimamente invasiva e com resultados promissores renova o interesse da comunidade vascular pelas formas mais complexas de doença venosa.

Chronic venous insufficiency is an important public health issue worldwide, that consumes significant amounts of resources and impairs the quality of life of patients who suffer from its more severe clinical types. Surgery for the treatment of deep venous system obstruction has not been incorporated to the practice of most vascular surgeons, being restricted to a few medical centers in some countries. With the advent of endovascular surgical techniques, the possibility of treating some obstructive lesions with a minimally invasive technique that has promising results has renewed the interest of the vascular community for the treatment of more complex forms of vascular disease.

Tratamento endovascular de pseudoaneurisma da aorta abdominal: relato de caso / Endovascular treatment of an abdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm: a case report

Um estudante de 17 anos, masculino, sofreu ferimentos por arma de fogo e foi submetido a uma laparotomia exploradora. No pós-operatório, queixava-se de dores em membros inferiores e de massa abdominal pulsátil. Realizou tomografia computadorizada (TC) de abdome, que evidenciou pseudoaneurisma de aorta abdominal de cerca de 8 cm no maior diâmetro, localizado entre o tronco celíaco e a artéria mesentérica superior. Uma arteriografia confirmou o diagnóstico e procedeu-se, então, a embolização da lesão com fragmentos de fio-guia montados com fios de algodão. Após seis meses, realizou ecoDoppler de aorta abdominal e nova TC de abdome, que evidenciaram fluxo no interior do saco do pseudoaneurisma. Foi, então, submetido a nova embolização endovascular e implante de stent não-revestido de 18 x 58 mm. Após seis meses do último procedimento, realizou-se nova TC de abdome que demonstrou exclusão da lesão.

A 17 years old male student has received several gunshots and was submitted to exploratory laparotomy. After surgery, he complained of pain in the lower limbs and a pulsatile abdominal mass. An abdominal computerized tomography (CT) scan was carried out and revealed an abdominal aorta pseudoaneurysm of about 8 cm in the larger diameter between the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery. An arteriography confirmed the diagnosis and he was submitted to the lesion embolization with cotton suture wires attached to metallic guide wire fragments. After six months, an abdominal aorta Doppler ultrasonography and a new abdominal CT scan were ordered and depicted flow inside the pseudoaneurysm. The patient was then submitted to a new endovascular embolization, and an 18 x 58 mm uncovered stent was placed. After six months from the last procedure, a new abdominal CT scan showed exclusion of the lesion.

Angiography: From a patient's perspective.

In critical care, nurses are expected to react quickly to urgent and emergent situations. It is imperative that nurses have the ability to recognize signs and symptoms in patients that require diagnostic intervention. This article begins with a brief description of angiography and its role in the critical care environment. This is followed by a description and comparison of several modalities used to evaluate the cerebral and carotid vessels. A related case study, from a patient's perspective, provides the context for this discussion.

Tratamento endovascular de hemorragia secundária a lesão da artéria esplênica na pancreatite aguda: relato de caso / Endovascular treatment of hemorrhage due to splenic artery injury in acute pancreatitis: case report

A lesão arterial esplênica é uma rara complicação relacionada a situações como trauma, lesão iatrogênica e pancreatite. Hemostasia pode ser feita por identificação do foco do sangramento através de cateterismo seletivo seguido por embolização do ramo sangrante. Relata-se caso clínico de um paciente portador de pancreatite biliar que apresentou, durante procedimento de necrosectomia, hemorragia decorrente da ruptura da artéria esplênica, sendo, então, tratado com sucesso por embolização supersseletiva.

Splenic artery injury is a rare complication related to trauma, iatrogenic injury, and pancreatitis. Hemostasis can be made by identification of the vascular lesion through selective catheterism followed by embolization of the bleeding vessel. We report a case of a patient with biliary pancreatitis, who presented hemorrhage due to rupture of the splenic artery during a necrosectomy procedure and was successfully treated with selective embolization.

Enxerto subclávio-carotídeo como método de tratamento na obstrução da artéria carótida comum / Subclavian-carotid bypass graft for the occlusion of the common carotid artery

A oclusão isolada da artéria carótida comum (ACC) é uma lesão relativamente incomum (0,5 a 5 por cento). A maioria dos pacientes com obstrução da ACC tem lesão concomitante na artéria carótida interna (ACI) e na artéria carótida externa (ACE) ipsilaterais, sendo que, ocasionalmente, a circulação colateral da ACE pode preservar a perviedade da ACI via fluxo retrógrado. Relatamos o caso de um paciente sintomático com oclusão da ACC e perviedade das ACI e ACE tratado cirurgicamente com enxerto subclávio-carotídeo.

Isolated occlusion of the common carotid artery (CCA) is a relatively uncommon lesion (0.5 to 5 percent). Most patients with occlusion of the CCA have concomitant lesions of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) and external carotid artery (ECA), and ECA may occasionally preserve ICA patency by means of retrograde flow. We report the case of a symptomatic patient with occlusion of the CCA and patency of the ICA and ECA treated with subclavian-carotid bypass graft.

Cuidados de enfermería al paciente sometido a técnicas de neurointervencionismo endovascular / Nursing care in patients undergoing interventional neuroendovascular procedures

Las exploraciones de radiología vascular intervencionista (RVI) han aumentado de manera notoria. Ha contribuido a ello el contexto sanitario actual, con necesidad de potenciar procedimientos menos invasivos que reduzcan la presión en las áreas quirúrgicas y las estancias hospitalarias. Estas técnicas permiten, en la mayoría de los casos, realizar en una única intervención diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se basan en la posibilidad de acceder a estructuras vasculares del organismo mediante un catéter que se introduce de forma percutánea sin necesidad de cirugía abierta. Debido a la complejidad de estos procedimientos se requiere ingreso previo a la técnica y estancia posterior, aunque de corta duración, que contrasta con las de cirugía. La enfermera, como referente más próximo del paciente, debe responder a las necesidades de información. La prestación de unos cuidados de enfermería integrales debe contemplar los cuidados previos, durante y después del procedimiento y todos los aspectos relacionados con la calidad del proceso asistencial. Para ello es básico conocer cómo se desarrollan las técnicas de RVI diagnósticas y terapéuticas en el área neurovascular. A partir de la experiencia de los autores, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo que las enfermeras conozcan algunos de los procedimientos neurointervencionistas (angiografía cerebral y embolización de aneurismas intracraneales) y los cuidados que se prestan en las salas de RVI(AU)

Vascular interventional radiology (VIR) procedures have increased markedly, partly due to the current healthcare context, which encourages the use of less invasive procedures that reduce pressure on surgery departments and decrease hospital stays. In most patients, these techniques can be carried out in a single intervention. VIR procedures are based on the possibility of gaining access to vascular structures through a catheter inserted percutaneously without the need for open surgery. Due to the complexity of these procedures, hospitalization is required before and after the technique is performed but length of stay is short compared with that associated with surgery. As the health workers closest to patients, nurses must respond to their information needs. The provision of comprehensive nursing care should include all the care required before, during and after the procedure and all aspects related to the quality of the healthcare process. Knowledge of how diagnostic and therapeutic VIR techniques are performed in the neurovascular section is essential. Based on the authors’ experience, the present article aims to provide nurses with knowledge of some neurointerventional procedures (cerebral angiography and embolization of intracranial aneurysms) and of the care provided in RVI rooms(AU)

Dificuldades e necessidades da equipe de enfermagem em serviços de hemodinâmica e angiografia / Nursing team dificulties and needs at Angiography and Hemodinamics Services

Introdução: Os serviços de hemodinâmica e Angiografia estão surgindo em várias instituições no país. Enfermeiros capacitados nesses serviços são requisitados, e a deficiência para encontrar profissional capacitado é evidente. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar dificuldades e necessidades da equipe de enfermagem em serviços de hemodinâmica e angiografia no país. Metodologia: Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário com as seguintes variáveis: sexo, idade, exames realizados mensalmente, número de funcionários, supervisão direta e indireta, compra de produtos usados na hemodinâmica, processo de re-esterilização, dificuldades cotidianas, atividade executada em outro setor, tempo de compressão depois da retirada de introdutor; além das atividades executadas por profissionais enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem, técnicos de radiologia e médicos. O questionário foi aplicado a 56 enfermeiros hemodinamicistas, que atuam em 30 cidades de 17 estados do Brasil. Resultados: Os questionários continham perguntas abertas e fechadas, cujas respostas foram expressas em forma de Tabela, em anexo. Após a avaliação percebe-se que há dificuldade em gerenciar e liderar o setor de hemodinâmica, assim como em executar diversas atividades, quer sejam simples ou complexas. A responsabilidade de supervisão do enfermeiro de hemodinâmica é ampla, como gerenciar materiais de alto custo, liderança da equipe. A literatura sobre o assunto é deficiente. Conclusões: Os enfermeiros que atuam em serviços de hemodinâmica e angiografia estão vivenciando a evolução do setor, suas dificuldades, assim como suas necessidades.

Introduction: Hemodynamic and angiography services are emerging in several institutions nationwide. Skilled registered nurses are often requested to work at these services, and it is becoming increasingly difficult to find a skilled professional. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the nursing team needs and difficulties at the hemodynamic and angiography services nationwide. Methodology: Data were collected through a questionnaire composed of the following variables: gender, age, examinations performed monthly, number of employees, direct and indirect supervision, hemodynamic product purchasing, reesterilization process, difficulties in daily practice, activity performed in another sector, compression time after introducer with drawal, and activities performed by nurse professionals, licensed practical nurses and practical nurses (nurses’ aides), radiology technician, and physician. The questionnaire was applied to 56 hemodynamic nurses who work in 30 cities in 17 Brazilian States. Results: Questionnaires consisted of open and closed questions. The answers are summarized in Table. After the evaluation, the difficulty to manage and lead this sector as well as to perform several activities either simple or complex was highlighted. The nurse’s supervision responsibility is wide and involves the management of high-cost materials and team leadership. The literature regarding this issue is scarce and poor. Conclusions: Nurses who work at hemodynamic and angiography services are experiencing the evolution and progress of the sector, as well as its needs and difficulties.

Day-case diagnostic and interventional peripheral angiography: 10-year experience in a radiology specialist nurse-led unit.

We describe a prospective evaluation of the safety of peripheral angiography procedures performed on day-case patients in a dedicated radiological nurse-led and administrated unit. Patients referred for peripheral vascular angiography, over a 10-year period, were pre-assessed by a radiology specialist nurse in a nurse-led clinic. Radiologists performed all procedures, whereas radiology specialist nurses were responsible for patient care before, during and after angiography and during the 24 h follow-up. Procedures were divided into diagnostic or interventional; complications were divided into immediate or delayed (24 h follow-up) either requiring hospital admission (major) or day-case unit management (minor). Patient acceptability was assessed using a standard questionnaire. Cost analysis was also performed. 401 day-case peripheral angiography procedures (144 diagnostic and 257 interventional) were performed in 310 patients. 109/401 (27.2%) procedures were performed on patients with diabetes mellitus. In diagnostic studies, 16/144 (11.1%) immediate and 6/144 (4.2%) delayed complications occurred whereas, in interventional studies, 65/257 (25.3%) immediate and 13/257 (5.1%) delayed complications were noted. A major complication occurred in 17/257 (6.6%) of patients in the interventional group and 3/144 (2.1%) in the diagnostic group. Puncture site haematoma was the most common complication. Nurse-led care was acceptable to the patient, with a high level of patient satisfaction seen. In conclusion, day-case diagnostic and interventional peripheral angiography procedures can be performed safely in a specialist nurse-led and administrated unit, with complication rates being within the accepted guidelines.

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