Cuidados de enfermería post-angioplastia transluminal coronaria: validación de protocolo / Cuidados de enfermagem pós-angioplastia transluminal coronariana: validação de protocolo / Nursing care after coronary transluminal angioplasty: protocol validation

Objetivos: Validar un protocolo de cuidados elaborado para clientes post-angioplastia transluminal coronaria.Métodos: Para validación del protocolo, se utilizó la técnica Delphi, contando con un panel de nueve jueces, todos enfermeros con experiencia en el área de cardiología. Además de la evaluación cualitativa, según preconiza la técnica Delphi, se utilizaron medidas cuantitativas como el índice de validez de contenido y la tasa de concordancia.Resultados: De acuerdo con las sugerencias hechas por los expertos en cada ronda, el documento fue ajustado hasta alcanzar la tasa de concordancia e índice de validez de contenido de por lo menos 0,9, siendo necesarias tres rondas de cuestionarios.Conclusión: El protocolo de validación se considera la herramienta para guiar la práctica de las personas que trabajan en esta área específica

Objetivo: Validar um protocolo de cuidados elaborado para clientes pós-angioplastia transluminal coronariana. Métodos: Para validação do protocolo, foi utilizada a técnica Delphi, contando com um painel de nove juízes, todos enfermeiros com expertise na área de cardiologia. Além da avaliação qualitativa, conforme preconiza a técnica Delphi, utilizou-se medidas quantitativas como o índice de validade de conteúdo e a taxa de concordância. Resultados: De acordo com as sugestões feitas pelos especialistas em cada rodada, o documento foi ajustado até atingir a taxa de concordância e índice de validade de conteúdo de no mínimo 0,9, sendo necessárias três rodadas de questionários. Conclusões: Considera-se o protocolo validado uma ferramenta para nortear a prática do enfermeiro que atua nesta área específica

Objectives: To validate an elaborate care protocol for clients after coronary transluminal angioplasty.Methods: For the validation of the protocol, the Delphi technique was used, counting on a panel of nine judges, all nurses with expertise in the area of cardiology. In addition to the qualitative evaluation, as recommended by the Delphi technique, we used quantitative measures such as the content validity index and the agreement rate.Results: According to the suggestions made by the experts in each round, the document was adjusted to reach the agreement rate and content validity index of at least 0,9, requiring three rounds of questionnaires.Conclusion: The validated protocol is considered a tool to guide the practice of nurses working in this specific area

Cuidados de enfermagem ao cliente pós-angioplastia transluminal coronariana / Post-coronary transluminary angioplasty patient's nursing care

Objetivo: identificar na literatura estudos sobre os cuidados básicos após o procedimento hemodinâmico. Método: trata-se de estudo bibliográfico, descritivo, tipo revisão integrativa, de publicações entre 2005 e 2017 e, a busca foi realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, SCOPUS e CINAHL. Selecionaram-se 13 artigos revisão e da análise crítica emergiram três categorias. Resultados: identificou-se as seguintes categorias: Cuidados de Enfermagem para a prevenção e correção das complicações pós- angioplastia; Cuidados relacionados ao conforto e Orientações e educação em saúde. Observa-se, ainda, pouca valorização sobre os cuidados básicos, e forte preocupação com cuidados tidos como mais complexos. Apesar disso, alterações hemodinâmicas que mostram sinais de alerta e frequência das avaliações parecem ainda não estar bem definidas. Conclusão: torna-se importante destacar os cuidados básicos de Enfermagem ao cliente, diante da complexidade do contexto situacional vivenciado, a fim de promover uma melhor qualidade da assistência no cotidiano da prática profissional.(AU)

Objective: to identify in the literature studies on basic care after the hemodynamic procedure. Method: this is a descriptive, descriptive, integrative review, of publications between 2005 and 2017, and the search was performed in the MEDLINE, SCOPUS and CINAHL databases. 13 review articles were selected and three categories emerged from the critical analysis. Results: the following categories were identified: Nursing Care for the prevention and correction of post-angioplasty complications; Care related to comfort and Guidance and health education. There is also little appreciation of basic care, and a strong concern about care that is considered more complex. Despite this, hemodynamic changes that show signs of alertness and frequency of assessments still do not seem to be well defined. Conclusion: it is important to highlight the basic Nursing care to the client, given the complexity of the situational context experienced, in order to promote a better quality of care in the daily practice of professional practice.(AU)

Objetivo: identificar en la literatura estudios sobre los cuidados básicos después del procedimiento hemodinámico. Método: se trata de estudio bibliográfico, descriptivo, tipo revisión integrativa, de publicaciones entre 2005 y 2017 y, la búsqueda fue realizada en las bases de datos MEDLINE, SCOPUS y CINAHL. Se seleccionaron 13 artículos revisión y del análisis crítico emergieron tres categorías. Resultados: se identificaron las siguientes categorías: Cuidados de Enfermería para la prevención y corrección de las complicaciones post-angioplastia; Cuidados relacionados al bienestar y orientaciones y educación en salud. Se observa, además, poca valoración sobre los cuidados básicos, y una fuerte preocupación por los cuidados que se consideraron más complejos. A pesar de ello, las alteraciones hemodinámicas que muestran señales de alerta y frecuencia de las evaluaciones parecen todavía no estar bien definidas. Conclusión: es importante destacar los cuidados básicos de Enfermería al cliente, ante la complejidad del contexto situacional vivido, a fin de promover una mejor calidad de la asistencia en el cotidiano de la práctica profesional.(AU)

The Impact of motivational interviewing on illness perception in patients with stable coronary artery disease. A randomised controlled study / Auswirkung motivierender Gesprächsführung auf die Krankheitswahrnehmung bei stabiler koronarer Herzkrankheit. Eine randomisiert-kontrollierte Studie

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) constitutes one of the most frequent causes of death for individuals > 60 years. Lifestyle dependent risk factors are key. Hence, cardiac rehabilitation is essential for optimal CHD treatment. However, individuals rarely comprehend their illness. Motivational interviewing promotes illness perception. Aim/Methods: A randomised-controlled study was conducted to determine the effect of motivational interviewing on illness perception. Patients with stable coronary heart disease were consecutively recruited after elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). The intervention group received a short motivational interview (MI) about the disease and related risk factors as an intervention. The control group had usual treatment. Illness perception was assessed (Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised) prior to the intervention and six months afterwards. Results: A total of 312 patients (intervention group: n = 148, control group: n = 164) were recruited into the study (mean age: 66.2 years). After the intervention, a significant change was observed in the domain of emotional reactions regarding the disease. Conclusion: To improve illness perception in patients with stable CHD, one short intervention with MI may have an effect. Whether intensifying the MI-intervention is more effective, requires further research.

Análisis de la punción de prótesis intravasculares recubiertas tras el rescate de la fístula arteriovenosa después de 12 meses de experiencia / Analysis of puncture of coated intravascular prostheses after salvage of arteriovenous fistula, after 12 months of experience

Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia a medio plazo de una nueva prótesis intravascular (VIABAHN(R)), y su seguridad, analizando la incidencia de eventos adversos asociados a su punción. Pacientes y Método: Se estudiaron 20 pacientes, a los que se les implantó VIABAHN(R), por pseudoaneurismas con trombosis, úlceras en las zonas de punción, fracaso de angioplastia o reestenosis en menos de 6 meses. Se estudió: Parámetros de la FAV, permeabilidad primaria y secundaria (6 y 12 meses), presencia de complicaciones y control del deterioro de la prótesis mediante flebografía a los 3 y 6 meses. Para la punción se esperó un periodo de 4 semanas. Resultados: Se analizó un periodo de 15±9.4 meses. La media de los parámetros funcionales de la FAV durante la hemodiálisis fue: Fs: 362.5±43.3 ml/min, PA: -209.5±35.6 mmHg, PV: 215.8±34.5 mmHg, Kt 55±5.4 l y Recirculación 12.7±3.7%. A los 6 meses el 66% (IC 95% 54-77) de los pacientes tenía permeabilidad primaria y el 77% (IC 95% 67-87) tenía permeabilidad secundaria. A los 12 meses el 38% (IC 95% 24-52) permeabilidad primaria y el 76% (IC 95% 66-87) permeabilidad secundaria. No se observaron eventos adversos relacionados con la punción, ni se objetivó radiológicamente deterioro en las prótesis. Hubo un episodio de infección que requirió la retirada de la prótesis. Conclusiones: La prótesis vascular recubierta VIABAHN(R) es eficaz y segura en el rescate de las FAVs nativas estenosadas y/o trombosadas, ya que proporciona excelentes parámetros de diálisis y alta permeabilidad primaria y secundaria, sin que su punción repetida se asocie a complicaciones (AU)

Aim: To evaluate the medium-term efficacy of a new intravascular prosthesis (VIABAHN(R)), and its safety, by analyzing the incidence of adverse events associated with its puncture. Patients and method: Twenty patients, with VIABAHN(R) implanted, were studied for pseudoaneurysms with thrombosis, ulcers in the puncture sites, failure of angioplasty or restenosis in less than 6 months. Parameters of AVF, primary and secondary patency (6 and 12 months), presence of complications and control of prosthesis deterioration by phlebography at 3 and 6 months were studied. For the puncture, a period of 4 weeks was expected. Results: A period of 15 ± 9.4 months was analyzed. The mean of the functional parameters of the AVF during hemodialysis was: blood flow rate: 362.5 ± 43.3 ml / min, Arterial Pressure: -209.5 ± 35.6 mmHg, Venous Pressure: 215.8 ± 34.5 mmHg, Kt 55 ± 5.4 l and recirculation 12.7 ± 3.7%. At 6 months, 66% (95% CI: 54-77) of the patients had primary permeability and 77% (95% CI 67-87) had secondary permeability. At 12 months 38% (IC 95% 24-52) primary permeability and 76% (IC 95% 66-87) secondary permeability. No adverse events related to the puncture, nor radiologically objectified deterioration in prostheses were observed. There was an episode of infection requiring removal of the prosthesis. Conclusión: The VIABAHN(R) coated vascular prosthesis is effective and safe in the rescue of stented and / or thrombosed native AVFs, as it provides excellent dialysis parameters and high primary and secondary permeability, without repeated puncture associated with complications (AU)

Care of the Patient Undergoing Radial Approach Heart Catheterization: Implications for Medical-Surgical Nurses.

Primary treatment for coronary vascular disease focuses on therapeutic lifestyle changes. However, additional medical management or even coronary intervention may be required. Access sites for catheterization include the brachial, radial, and femoral arteries. As an increasing number of providers implement transradial cardiac catheterization, education for nurses is a priority.

Complicaciones en pacientes sometidos a Angioplastia Coronaria Transluminal Percutánea / Complications in patients undergoing Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar las complicaciones locales y sistémicas en pacientes sometidos a Angioplastia Coronaria Transluminal Percutánea y los factores de riesgo que pueden influir en la aparición de estas complicaciones. Estudio prospectivo, transversal, con análisis cuantitativo de los datos que fueron recolectados de 127 pacientes en la Unidad de Hemodinámica y en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del hospital campo de estudio. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva. Para investigar la asociación entre los factores de riesgo y las complicaciones después de la Angioplastia Coronaria Transluminal Percutánea se utilizó prueba de Chi cuadrado. Se observó que 79 (62,2%) pacientes presentaron complicaciones. De éstos, 39 (49,4%) tuvieron complicaciones locales, 25 (31,7%), complicaciones sistémicas y 15 (18,9%) habían asociado las complicaciones locales y sistémicas. Hubo una asociación estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05) entre el uso continuo de los anticoagulantes después de la Angioplastia Coronaria Transluminal Percutánea y la presencia de complicaciones. Se encontró que la mayoría de los pacientes tuvo complicaciones y el uso de anticoagulante después del procedimiento está asociado con estas complicaciones(AU)

This research aimed to identify the local and systemic complications in patients undergoing Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty and risk factors that may influence the occurrence of these complications. It is a prospective cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach of the data that were collected from 127 patients in the Unit of Hemodynamic and in the Unit of Intensive Terapy of the hospital field of study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. To investigate the association between risk factors and complications after Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty was used Chi-square test. It was observed that 79 (62.2%) patients had complications. Of these, 39 (49.4%) had local complications, 25 (31.7%) systemic complications and 15 (18.9%) had associated local and systemic complications. There was a statistically significant association (p<0,05) between the continuous use of anticoagulants after Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty and presence of complications. It was evident that most of the patients had complications and use of anticoagulant after the procedure is associated with these complications(AU)

Meta-analysis of complication as a risk factor for early ambulation after percutaneous coronary intervention.

PURPOSE: This study systematically examined previous studies on the effect of early ambulation on vascular complications in subjects who had just undergone a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and analyzed the effects of early ambulation on both hemorrhage and hematoma formation at the puncture site. METHODS: Study data were analyzed using the R (version 2.13.1) program. Publication bias was verified via regression analysis, using the logarithm of the odds ratio (OR) and sample size, and a funnel plot using sample size. The risk ratio of the incidence of bleeding and hematoma formation at the puncture site, relative to early ambulation, was confirmed using ORs and the forest plot. RESULTS: The PCI recipients' bed rest time had no significant effect on the risk ratio of hematoma formation (OR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.68-1.17) nor the incidence of bleeding (OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 0.77-1.7) at the puncture site. CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective study's findings show that early ambulation following PCI had no effect on the incidence of either hematoma formation nor bleeding at the puncture site; however, differences in demographic factors should be considered carefully, in order to avoid interpreting the results too broadly.

The effectiveness of superficial subcutaneous lidocaine administration prior to femoral artery sheath removal.

The dynamic world of healthcare requires continuous review of practice to ensure that patient care aligns with current evidence and best practice. Superficial subcutaneous lidocaine injection has been an order option at London Health Sciences Centre-University Hospital (LHSC-UH) for use in post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) prior to femoral artery sheath removal (FASR). The purpose of administering lidocaine is to reduce pain during FASR, subsequently enhancing the patient's experience. A critical appraisal was performed by the Continuous Quality Improvement-Cardiac Care Council (CQI-CCC) at LHSC-UH, evaluating the effectiveness of superficial subcutaneous lidocaine for use in patients undergoing FASR. This paper details the process followed to evaluate this practice and reports on the subsequent findings and recommendations. A literature review, a retrospective chart audit, a blinded online survey and peer hospital polling were compiled, and a summary of findings was shared with the cardiac interventionists, with subsequent polling. No significant evidence for pain reduction was identified when lidocaine injections were administered prior to FASR. As such, a unanimous decision was reached to remove lidocaine from the LHSC Coronary Angioplasty Clinical Pathway order form.

[The experience and coping of primary coronary intervention: a review of qualitative studies]. / Das Erleben und die Bewältigung einer primären Koronarintervention: Eine Literaturstudie qualitativer Forschungsarbeiten.

Over the years, primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been established as a superior emergency treatment for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in comparison to intravenous thrombolysis. This literature review is based on four qualitative studies and describes how patients with STEMI experience the acute phase of myocardial infarction with immediate PCI and how it affects their early recovery phase. Qualitative analysis in this study followed Noblit and Hare's method of metasynthesis. The results ascertained a correlation between the seriousness of the diagnosis and the quickness of treatment. PCI offers patients immediate pain relief. The patients' trust in the professionalism of the medical team becomes apparent through their passive participation during treatment. Although patients experience a quick recovery after PCI, they lack adequate information to completely understand their diagnosis of myocardial infarction. The patients feel having been cured by PCI, but continue to fear another myocardial infarction. The patients try to establish a new life routine, but report a lack of continuity in their healthcare provision. The results indicate that after PCI patients experience recurring changes of their perspective regarding their illness and well-being. Therefore, a comprehensive, sustained, and more patient-oriented approach regarding treatment in the early recovery phase is recommended.

Patients' perception of their experience of primary percutaneous intervention for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Many patients experiencing ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are currently treated with primary percutaneous intervention (PCI). This relatively new procedure has reduced the time patients with the diagnosis of STEMI spend in hospital. In this literature review we explore patients' perceptions of their experience of receiving primary percutaneous intervention (PCI) as a treatment for STEMI. We critiqued and graded for relevance 10 papers that included original research and other sources. Key findings indicate that there is considerable variability in how patients treated for STEMI perceive the experience of PCI. Further, there is a misalignment between some patients' perceptions and health professionals' perceptions of this experience related to the event as well as the language used to speak of it. Thus, we recommend that nurses assess patients' perception of the experience and patients' health literacy level, then tailor the content and language of patient and family education to ensure an effective educative intervention.

Anxiety in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions.

OBJECTIVE: Many patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) experience symptoms of anxiety; however, it is unclear whether anxiety is an issue in the early recovery period and the types of factors and patient concerns that are associated. This study set out to determine the patterns of anxiety and concerns experienced by patients undergoing PCI and the contributing factors in the time period surrounding PCI. METHODS: A convenience sample of patients undergoing PCI (n = 100) were recruited, and anxiety was measured using the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory immediately before the PCI, the first day postprocedure, and 1 week postdischarge. Patients were also asked to identify their most important concern at each time. Independent predictors of anxiety at each time were determined by multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Anxiety scores were highest pre-procedure (35.72, standard deviation [SD] 11.75), decreasing significantly by the postprocedure time (31.8, SD 10.20) and further still by the postdischarge time (28.79, SD 9.78) (repeated-measures analysis of variance: F = 39.72, P < .001). The concerns patients identified most frequently as most important were the outcome of the PCI and the possibility of surgery pre-procedure (37%) and postdischarge (31%), and the limitations and discomfort arising from the access site wound and immobility postprocedure (25%). The predictor of anxiety at the pre-procedure time was taking medication for anxiety and depression (b = 7.12). The predictors of anxiety at the postprocedure time were undergoing first-time PCI (b = 4.44), experiencing chest pain (b = 7.63), and experiencing pre-procedural anxiety (b = .49). The predictors of anxiety at the postdischarge time were reporting their most important concern as the future progression of CAD (b = 7.51) and pre-procedural anxiety (b = .37). CONCLUSION: Symptoms of anxiety were common, particularly before PCI. These symptoms are important to detect and treat because pre-procedural anxiety is predictive of anxiety on subsequent occasions. Patients who have had chest pain or their first PCI should be targeted for intervention during the early recovery period after PCI, and information on CAD should be provided postdischarge.

Coronary revascularisation in chronic kidney disease. Part 1: stable coronary artery disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a high burden of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death. Detection and treatment of coronary artery disease in CKD patients has been hampered by the limitations of screening tests, the lack of direct evidence for therapeutic interventions in this specific population, and concerns about therapy-related adverse effects. However, these patients potentially have much to gain from conventional strategies used in the general population. This review summarises the current evidence regarding the treatment of coronary artery disease in patients with CKD, with the focus on coronary revascularisation by percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting.

Coronary revascularisation in chronic kidney disease. Part II: acute coronary syndromes.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a high burden of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death. Management of patients with CKD presenting with acute coronary syndromes is more complex than in the general population, due to greater diagnostic uncertainty and the lack of direct evidence for therapeutic interventions in this specific population, coupled with concerns about therapy-related adverse effects. However, these patients potentially have much to gain from conventional revascularisation strategies used in the general population. This review summarises the current evidence regarding the treatment of patients with CKD presenting with acute coronary syndromes, in particular with respect to coronary revascularisation strategies.

Development of clinical practice guidelines for the nursing care of people undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions: An Australian & New Zealand collaboration.

AIM: This paper describes the development of nursing practice guidelines for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) supporting PCI nursing care are limited. METHOD: The National Health and Medical Research Council's (NH&MRC) health and medical practice development guidelines were used for the guideline development process. A panel of experts (clinicians and consumers) attended a consensus conference to review existing evidence. Subsequently, nurses' opinions were identified via an online survey. This was followed by a modified Delphi method was used to refine a draft set of guidelines over two rounds. RESULTS: The consensus conference was attended by 41 participants (39 cardiovascular nurses and 2 consumer representatives). Eight additional members joined the panel for the modified Delphi rounds with 27 participants completing the online survey. The final guideline document consisted of 75 recommendations. Endorsement was then sought from key peak cardiovascular bodies in Australia and New Zealand. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Inconclusive evidence precludes definitive recommendations. Therefore, consultation and consensus are important in developing guidelines to achieve standardised nursing care and monitoring of outcomes. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Nurses play a crucial role in PCI care, yet currently there are limited guidelines to inform practice. This paper describes the method developing clinical practice guideline and deriving consensus.

Predictors of complications following sheath removal with percutaneous coronary intervention.

BACKGROUND AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVES: Complex antiplatelet and antithrombotic regimens used in conjunction with percutaneous coronary intervention may increase the risk of vascular complications. The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of vascular complications following sheath removal for percutaneous coronary intervention. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This prospective cohort study enrolled 413 patients during a 7-month period. Data elements were collected by chart abstraction. Practice variable included pharmacological agents and method and duration of sheath removal procedure. Patient outcomes included hematoma formation, bleeding occurrence, pseudoaneurysm prevalence, incidence of arteriovenous fistula formation, and thrombosis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Of the 413 patients, 68 (16.5%) had a complication. Sixty-four (15.5%) developed hematomas ranging in size from 1 to 5 cm (n = 35, 8.5%) to greater than 5 cm (n = 29, 7.0%), 6 experienced bleeding (1.5%), 4 (1%) had arteriovenous fistulas, and 3 (0.7%) developed pseudoaneurysms. There were no significant differences for complications using manual, C-clamp, or arterial vascular closure device. Patients with a higher systolic blood pressure (135 vs 129; df = 410, P = .025) and of older age (66 vs 63; df = 411, P = .016) were significantly more likely to have complications. Clinically significant major vascular complications were low. Arterial closure devices, mechanical C-clamp, and manual compression all provide low and comparable complication risks following sheath removal in the era of antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapies. Patients who are older and those with elevated blood pressure should have their femoral access site closely monitored and be observed for vascular complications.

The effectiveness of "Siriraj Leg Lock" brace on back pain after percutaneous coronary intervention: PCI.

BACKGROUND: The most common problem experienced by patients after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is back pain. After the procedure, patients are restricted to complete bed rest with no hip flexion for up to 10 hours, causing much discomfort, especially back pain. In some patients, anxiety arises due to limited movement, with the belief that movement might cause re-bleeding from the wound. To alleviate these problems, the "Siriraj Leg Lock" brace or SLL was initiated to confine the hip while allowing patients to freely move other parts of their body without complicating the wound. Hence, anxiety is relieved and mobility can lower the chance of getting back pain with more comfort. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this experimental study were to investigate the effect and satisfaction of SLL on back pain in post-PCI patients, and to compare bleeding and/or hematoma occurrences at the site of incision between experimental and control groups. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in 100 patients who underwent coronary angioplasty and/or stent placement interventions and received post procedural care at the intermediate cardiac care ward, Her Majesty Cardiac Center from December 2006 to February 2007. The control group (49 patients) was to get standard care after the intervention, whereas the experimental group (51 patients) was fitted with the SLL device to allow free mobility right after the procedure. RESULTS: Lower maximum back pain scores and mean back pain scores in the experimental group than in the control group, with statistical significance (p < 0.001). Back pain score reduced from the day of admission in the experimental group after applying SLL, but increased in the control group. The occurrence of hematoma in both groups was not significantly different (p = 0.114). The experimental group with the SLL could freely change positions from upright to decubitus without any effects to the wound, feeling more comfortable and experiencing less back pain. Patients' satisfaction towards the SLL from 1 to 5 scale was 4.3. The satisfaction was evident especially in patients who had previous PCI experience, and desired to ask for SLL application if a future procedure to be needed. CONCLUSION: Using SLL after sheath removal post PCI allows the patient to freely change position without any effects to the wound and reduces back pain with more patients' satisfaction.

Nursing care practices following a percutaneous coronary intervention: results of a survey of Australian and New Zealand cardiovascular nurses.

BACKGROUND: Although there is high-level evidence to guide optimal medical care for percutaneous coronary interventions, there are less explicit guidelines to support nurses in providing care. AIM: This study describes the practice standards and priorities of care of cardiovascular nurses in Australia and New Zealand. METHOD: Item generation for the survey was informed by an integrative literature review and existing clinical guidelines. A 116-item Web-based survey was administered to cardiovascular nurses, via electronic mail lists of professional cardiovascular nursing organizations, using a secure online data collection system. RESULTS: Data were collected from March 2008 to March 2009. A total of 148 respondents attempted the survey, with 110 (74.3%) completing all items. All respondents were registered nurses with an average of 12.3 (SD, 7.61) years of clinical experience in the cardiovascular setting. A range of practice patterns was evident in ambulation time after percutaneous coronary intervention, methods of sheath removal, pain relief, and patient positioning. Respondents consistently rated psychosocial care a lower priority than other tasks and also identified a knowledge deficit in this area. CONCLUSION: This survey identified diversity of practice patterns and a range of educational needs. Increasing evidence to support evidence-based practice and guideline development is necessary to promote high-quality care and improved patient outcomes.

Preprocedural concerns and anxiety assessment in patients undergoing coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary interventions.

BACKGROUND: Patients with anxiety prior to coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), may have negative physical and psychological consequences. AIM: To identify patients factors associated with anxiety and assess the validity of the Faces Anxiety Scale (FAS) in this sample. METHODS: Patients (n=159) were surveyed preprocedure using the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) and the FAS and asked to identify their major concern. RESULTS: The sample was aged an average 66.73 years (sd 10.12) and predominantly male (72%). Anxiety was low to moderate (SAI mean 36.44, sd 11.23; FAS median 2, range 1-5). There was a moderate correlation between the SAI and the FAS (r=.521, p=or<.001), with the FAS having low sensitivity (27%) and high specificity (95%). Patients' most common concern (37%) was uncertainty about the outcome from the procedure. Predictors of higher anxiety were taking medication for anxiety or depression (beta=5.84), experiencing angina (beta=4.96) or having a major concern about the procedural outcome (beta=4.00). CONCLUSIONS: Many patients have moderate anxiety before coronary angiography and PCI; therefore, routine assessment and management of anxiety are justified. The FAS is not as useful as the SAI for this purpose.