ABSTRACT
The literature supports that unique rabies virus (RABV) variants are often compartmentalized in different species of bats. In Colorado, two divergent mtDNA lineages of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) co-occur. RABV associated with this species also segregates into two clades. We hypothesized that unique RABV variants might be associated with mtDNA lineages of Colorado big brown bats. DNA was extracted from brain tissue of rabid big brown bats, the ND2 gene was amplified to determine mtDNA lineage, and the lineage was compared to a previously derived phylogenetic analysis of the RABV N gene. No correspondence was found between host bat lineage and RABV variant.
Subject(s)
Animal Population Groups/genetics , Animal Population Groups/virology , Chiroptera/genetics , Chiroptera/virology , DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics , Rabies virus/genetics , Rabies/veterinary , Animals , Colorado/epidemiology , Genetic Variation , Molecular Sequence Data , NADH Dehydrogenase/genetics , Nucleocapsid Proteins/genetics , Rabies/epidemiology , Rabies/virologyABSTRACT
In this article, the most important animal pathogens, which, according to CDC classification, can be used as biological agents, are presented. The means of dissemination and the ways of infection's propagation are reviewed. Typical and the most dangerous signs and symptoms are described, as well as the consequences of these infections.
Subject(s)
Animal Population Groups , Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Biological Warfare , Bioterrorism , Parasitic Diseases/parasitology , Virus Diseases/virology , Animal Population Groups/microbiology , Animal Population Groups/parasitology , Animal Population Groups/virology , Animals , Bacterial Infections/transmission , Humans , Parasitic Diseases/transmission , Virus Diseases/transmissionABSTRACT
A high number of different arboviruses have been demonstrated to be present in Italy, due to the coexistence of climates that are characteristic of continental areas in the North of the country and of subtropical areas in the South. Viruses circulating in Central Europe, such as the Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) virus, are present in Central and Northern Regions, whereas viruses circulating in Mediterranean areas, such as the Sandfly fever viruses are present in Central and Southern Italy. Viruses have been isolated from mosquitoes, ticks, sandflies and vertebrates (birds, rodents, humans). For some of them an association with human disease has been demonstrated.
