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Rev Environ Health ; 34(4): 349-363, 2019 Dec 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31271562

ABSTRACT

Manufactured doubt describes the efforts used by organizations or individuals to obscure the harmful effects of their products or actions by manipulating science. Although approaches to do so are widely used, relevant stakeholders are often unaware of these tactics. Here, we examine the strategies used in five cases of manufactured doubt: tobacco and adverse health; coal and black lung; Syngenta and the herbicide atrazine; the sugar industry and cardiovascular disease; and the Marshall Institute and climate change. By describing the tactics used in these cases, effective methods for identifying and countering instances of manufactured doubt can be generated.


Subject(s)
Atrazine/administration & dosage , Climate Change , Coal/adverse effects , Deception , Industry/statistics & numerical data , Nicotiana/adverse effects , Sugars/adverse effects , Anthracosis/etiology , Anthracosis/psychology , Cardiovascular Diseases/chemically induced , Herbicides/adverse effects , Humans
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