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1.
Mil Med ; 185(Suppl 1): 73-76, 2020 01 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32074367

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Infectious complications of war wounds are a significant source of mortality and morbidity. Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) guidelines recommend prehospital moxifloxacin, ertapenem, or cefotetan for "all open combat wounds." We describe the prehospital administration of antibiotics to pediatric trauma patients. METHODS: We queried the Department of Defense Trauma Registry for all pediatric subjects admitted to United States and Coalition fixed-facility hospitals in Iraq and Afghanistan from January 2007 to January 2016. RESULTS: During this time, there were 3,439 pediatric encounters which represented 8.0% of all admissions. Prehospital providers administered a total of 216 antibiotic doses to 210 subjects. Older children received antibiotics more frequently than younger children, were more likely to be male, located in Afghanistan, and injured by explosive with the majority surviving to hospital discharge. Cefazolin and ceftriaxone were the most frequently utilized antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: The most frequently administered antibiotics were cephalosporins. TCCC recommended agents for adult prehospital wound prophylaxis were infrequently administered to pediatric casualties. Administration rates of pediatric prehospital wound prophylaxis may be improved with pediatric-specific TCCC guidelines recommending cephalosporins as first-line agents, fielding of a TCCC-oriented Broselow tape, and training prehospital providers on administration of antimicrobials.


Subject(s)
Antibiotic Prophylaxis/standards , Pediatrics/methods , Wounds and Injuries/drug therapy , Adolescent , Afghan Campaign 2001- , Afghanistan , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/classification , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/statistics & numerical data , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Iraq , Iraq War, 2003-2011 , Male , Pediatrics/standards , Pediatrics/statistics & numerical data
2.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 21(82): 203-206, abr.-jun. 2019.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-184600

ABSTRACT

Conclusiones de los autores del estudio: la profilaxis antibiótica no está indicada para la prevención de cicatrices renales tras la primera o segunda infección urinaria febril en niños sanos. Comentario de los revisores: la incidencia de cicatrices renales tras una infección urinaria febril en niños sanos es baja, en torno al 6%. No hay diferencias entre el grupo tratado profilácticamente con antibióticos y el grupo control, por lo que la administración de profilaxis antibiótica no está justificada


Authors' conclusions: antibiotic prophylaxis is not indicated for the prevention of renal scarring after a first or second symptomatic or febrile urinary tract infection in otherwise healthy children. Reviewers' commentary: incidence of renal scarring after febrile urinary tract infection in healthy children is low, around 6%. There are not differences between prophylaxis and control groups, so prophylactic antibiotic therapy is not justified


Subject(s)
Humans , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/classification , Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy , Glomerulonephritis/prevention & control , Pyelonephritis/prevention & control , Evaluation of Results of Preventive Actions
3.
Actas urol. esp ; 42(7): 465-472, sept. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-174752

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La biopsia prostática transrectal ecográficamente dirigida (BPTE) se asocia a complicaciones infecciosas (CI). Las CI están relacionadas con un incremento de la prevalencia de bacterias ciprofloxacino-resistentes (BCR) en la flora rectal. Estudiamos las CI ocurridas en 2 grupos. Grupo de profilaxis antibiótica «dirigida» (GPD) vs. grupo de profilaxis empírica (GPE). Evaluamos el impacto económico que supone la profilaxis antibiótica «dirigida» (PD). Material y métodos: El GPD se estudió prospectivamente (junio 2013-julio 2014). Se recogieron cultivos rectales (CR) antes de BPTE y se sembraron en medios selectivos con ciprofloxacino para determinar la presencia de BCR. Los pacientes con bacterias sensibles recibieron ciprofloxacino. Pacientes con bacterias resistentes recibieron PD según antibiograma del CR. El GPE se estudió retrospectivamente (enero 2011-junio 2009). El CR no se realizó y todos los pacientes recibieron ciprofloxacino como profilaxis. Las CI ocurridas en ambos grupos se registraron en un periodo no superior a 30 días después de BPTE (historia clínica electrónica). Resultados: Trescientos pacientes fueron sometidos a BPTE, 145 recibieron PD y 155 PE. En el GPD, 23 pacientes (15,86%) presentaron BCR en CR. Solo un paciente (0,7%) experimentó ITU. En el GPE, 26 pacientes (16,8%) experimentaron múltiples CI (incluidas 2 sepsis) (p < 0,005). El coste total estimado, incluido el manejo de las CI, fue de 57.076 € con PE vs. 4.802,33 € con PD. El coste promedio/paciente con PE fue de 368,23 € vs. 33,11 € con PD. La PD logró un ahorro total estimado de 52.273,67 €. Es necesario que 6 pacientes se sometan a PD para prevenir una CI. Conclusiones: La PD se asoció a un notable descenso de la incidencia de CI causadas por BCR y redujo los costos de atención sanitaria


Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TUPB) is associated with infectious complications (ICs), which are related to a greater prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria (CRB) in rectal flora. We examined the ICs that occurred in 2 groups: A guided antibiotic prophylaxis (GP) group and an empiric prophylaxis (EP) group. We assessed the financial impact of GP.: Material and methods: The GP group was studied prospectively (June 2013 to July 2014). We collected rectal cultures (RCs) before the TUPB, which were seeded on selective media with ciprofloxacin to determine the presence of CRB. The patients with sensitive bacteria were administered ciprofloxacin. Patients with resistant bacteria were administered GP according to the RC antibiogram. The EP group was studied retrospectively (January 2011 to June 2009). RCs were not performed, and all patients were treated with ciprofloxacin as prophylaxis. The ICs in both groups were recorded during a period no longer than 30 days following TUPB (electronic medical history). Results: Three hundred patients underwent TUPB, 145 underwent GP, and 155 underwent EP. In the GP group, 23 patients (15.86%) presented CRB in the RCs. Only one patient (0.7%) experienced a UTI. In the EP group, 26 patients (16.8%) experienced multiple ICs (including 2 cases of sepsis) (P < .005). The estimated total cost, including the management of the ICs, was €57,076 with EP versus €4802.33 with GP. The average cost per patient with EP was € 368.23 versus €33.11 with GP. GP achieved an estimated total savings of € 52,273.67. Six patients had to undergo GP to prevent an IC. Conclusions: GP is associated with a marked decrease in the incidence of ICs caused by CRB and reduced healthcare costs


Subject(s)
Humans , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/methods , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Infections/complications , Risk Factors , Biopsy , Ultrasound, High-Intensity Focused, Transrectal/methods , Ciprofloxacin , Health Care Costs , Prospective Studies , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Retrospective Studies , Comorbidity , Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Klebsiella/isolation & purification , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/isolation & purification , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/classification , Logistic Models
4.
Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob ; 17(1): 2, 2018 Feb 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29397046

ABSTRACT

Infection in surgical incision often results in poor wound healing, and one of the main factors for wound infection is the use of antimicrobial agents. Rational use of antibiotics is one of the key factors to prevent incision infection in general surgery. The number of current clinical studies on antibiotic use before and during surgery is greater than that of systematic studies on antibiotic use after surgery. For the rational use of antibiotics and improvement of wound healing rate, researchers around the world have gradually focused on the use of antibiotics after surgery. Despite the familiarity on the concept of "rational use of antibiotics", few clear and systematic studies were conducted to elucidate the effect of different antibiotics on wound healing. Therefore, this review focuses on the use of different types of antimicrobial agents in surgical wounds.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/classification , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control , Surgical Wound/prevention & control , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/classification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Anti-Infective Agents/administration & dosage , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/classification , Humans , Wound Healing
5.
Rev. esp. enferm. dig ; 108(1): 15-19, ene. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-148589

ABSTRACT

Background: Antibiotic prophylaxis is an effective tool to reduce surgical infection rates. However, antibiotic prophylaxis in cholecystectomy is controversial when non-high risk patients are considered. This research aims to evaluate the adherence with antibiotic prophylaxis protocol in patients undergoing cholecystectomy, and its impact in the outcomes of surgical infection. Methods: This single-center observational and retrospective study analyzed all elective cholecystectomy procedures carried out at the Fundación Alcorcón University Hospital in the period 2007-2014. Data were recovered from hospital records; rates of adherence to the available hospital protocols were evaluated for choice, initiation, duration, administration route and dosages of antibiotics, and the starting and duration of the prophylaxis. Results: The overall adequacy rate to protocol was 72%. The adherence rates in both the administration route and dose were 100%. The most common violations of the protocol included the choice of antibiotic agent (19%), followed by the moment of initiating its administration (8.9%). The overall wound infection rate was lower in case of laparoscopy than in laparotomy cholecystectomy (1.4% vs. 4.3%, p < 0.05; odds rate [OR] 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1-0.6). No relationship between adequacy of antibiotic prophylaxis and surgical infection rate was documented, neither considering overall gallbladder surgeries (crude OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.1-2.0), nor laparoscopy vs. open surgery (MH adjusted OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.2-2.1). Conclusions: The overall adequacy rate to antibiotic prophylaxis protocol recommended for elective cholecystectomy in our hospital was high (72%). No significant association between the adequacy or antibiotic prophylaxis and surgical infection was found (AU)


No disponible


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/classification , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/methods , Cholecystectomy/methods , Cholecystectomy/nursing , Spain/ethnology , Laparoscopy/instrumentation , Gallbladder/abnormalities , Gallbladder/metabolism , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/standards , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Cholecystectomy/adverse effects , Cholecystectomy/standards , Laparoscopy , Gallbladder/injuries , Gallbladder/surgery
6.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 82(6): 397-403, jun. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-139814

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: La profilaxis con arándano americano de la infección de orina recurrente infantil se ha mostrado eficaz en el modelo experimental del adulto. Existen pocos datos sobre su eficacia, seguridad y dosis recomendadas en la población pediátrica. Métodos: Se desarrolla un ensayo clínico controlado, doble ciego en fase III en niños mayores de un mes de edad para evaluar la eficacia y seguridad del arándano americano en la infección urinaria recurrente infantil. Se parte del supuesto de no inferioridad del arándano americano frente a trimetoprima. El análisis estadístico se realiza mediante un análisis de Kaplan Meier. Resultados Se reclutan 85 pacientes menores de un año de edad y 107 mayores de un año. Setenta y cinco pacientes reciben arándano y 117 trimetoprima. El porcentaje acumulado de infección de orina asociado a la profilaxis con arándano en menores de un año fue de 46% (IC 95%: 23-70) en niños y del 17% (IC 95%: 0-38) en niñas, con eficacia a las dosis utilizadas inferior a trimetoprima. En los niños mayores de un año de edad el arándano se mostró no inferior a trimetoprima, con un porcentaje acumulado de infección de orina de 26% (IC 95%: 12-41). El arándano americano fue bien tolerado, no registrándose efectos adversos. Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio confirma que el arándano americano es seguro y eficaz en la profilaxis de infección urinaria recurrente en lactantes y niños. Con las dosis utilizadas su eficacia no es inferior a la observada para trimetoprima entre los mayores de un año de edad (AU)


Objective: Cranberry prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infection in infants has proven effective in the experimental model of the adult. There are few data on its efficacy, safety and recommended dose in the pediatric population. Methods: A controlled, double-blind Phase III clinical trial was conducted on children older than 1 month of age to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cranberry in recurrent urinary tract infection. The assumption was of the non-inferiority of cranberry versus trimethoprim. Statistical analysis was performed using Kaplan Meier analysis. Results: A total of 85 patients under 1 year of age and 107 over 1 year were recruited. Trimethoprim was prescribed to 75 patients and 117 received cranberry. The cumulative rate of urinary infection associated with cranberry prophylaxis in children under 1 year was 46% (95% CI; 23-70) in children and 17% (95% CI; 0-38) in girls, effectively at doses inferior to trimethoprim. In children over 1 year-old cranberry was not inferior to trimethoprim, with a cumulative rate of urine infection of 26% (95% CI; 12-41). The cranberry was well tolerated and with no new adverse effects. Conclusions: Our study confirms that cranberry is safe and effective in the prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infection in infants and children. With the doses used, their efficiency is not less than that observed for trimethoprim among those over 1 year-old (AU)


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Vaccinium macrocarpon/chemistry , Breast Feeding/economics , Urinary Tract Infections/complications , Urinary Tract Infections/therapy , Gastroesophageal Reflux/metabolism , Gastroesophageal Reflux/pathology , Vesico-Ureteral Reflux/congenital , Vesico-Ureteral Reflux/metabolism , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/classification , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/methods , Breast Feeding/methods , Urinary Tract Infections/pathology , Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications , Gastroesophageal Reflux/diagnosis , Vesico-Ureteral Reflux/complications , Vesico-Ureteral Reflux/diagnosis , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/standards , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Child
8.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 47(4): 228-235, abr. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-135389

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: El escaso conocimiento de los pacientes sobre sus medicamentos es considerado una de las principales causas de su uso inadecuado. OBJETIVO: El presente estudio mide el grado de conocimiento de los pacientes sobre el antibiótico prescrito y describe algunos de los factores asociados al mismo. DISEÑO: Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal con componente analítico. Emplazamiento: Se realizó en una farmacia comunitaria de Murcia. MÉTODO: El estudio se ofertó a todos los pacientes que acudían a la farmacia a retirar un antibiótico durante el periodo de estudio. El instrumento usado para determinar el grado de conocimiento fue un cuestionario validado. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 126 pacientes, la mayoría eran mujeres (67,5%), con una media de edad de 44,6 años (DE: 17,9, mín.41,5, máx.47,8). La mitad de la población de estudio, 53,2% (IC 95%, 44,06-62,28) no tenía un conocimiento que le permitiera asegurar un correcto proceso de uso del antibiótico que utilizaba. El «proceso de uso» del medicamento fue la dimensión más conocida por la población, seguida del «objetivo terapéutico». La dimensión relacionada con la «seguridad» del medicamento fue la que obtuvo valores más bajos. Tras la regresión logística, se encontró asociación entre el conocimiento del antibiótico y las variables «conoce nombre del antibiótico» (p = 0,05; r = 2,15) y «número de medicamentos que toma el paciente» (p = 0,02; r = 0,30). CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que existen ciertas carencias de información respecto al uso de antibióticos en la muestra estudiada. Estos resultados podrían permitir orientar futuras intervenciones, dirigidas a cubrir las necesidades de información concretas detectadas


INTRODUCTION: The lack of patient knowledge about their medication is considered to be one of the main reasons for an inappropriate use. OBJECTIVE: This study the level of knowledge in patients about their prescribed antibiotic, and describes some of the factors related to this. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study with an analytical component. Site: A community pharmacy in Murcia. METHODS: The study form was offered to all customers who arrived to obtain antibiotics while the study was taking place. A validated form was used to determined the level of knowledge was a validated form. RESULTS: A total of 126 patients, most of them women, with an average age of 44.6 years were included. Half of the study population had no knowledge which could ensure the correct use of the antibiotic they were taking. The «process of use» of the medication was the best known dimension by the study population, followed by the «therapeutic aim». The dimension related to the «safety» of the medication was the one with the lowest values. After a logistic regression, a link between the knowledge of the antibiotic and the «know the name of the antibiotic» (p = .05; r = 2.15) and the «number of antibiotic the patient takes» (p = .02; r = 0.30) variables. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that there is a certain lack of information on the use of antibiotics by the study sample. Thes results could help to show the way to follow in future studies, targeted to meet the need of information


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/adverse effects , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Outpatients/classification , Outpatients/psychology , Community Pharmacy Services/supply & distribution , Communicable Diseases/diagnosis , Observational Study , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/classification , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/methods , Outpatients/legislation & jurisprudence , Community Pharmacy Services , Communicable Diseases/complications , Epidemiology, Descriptive
9.
BMC Med Res Methodol ; 9: 43, 2009 Jun 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19549329

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The timing of prophylactic antibiotic administration is a patient safety outcome that is recurrently tracked and reported. The interpretation of these data has important implications for patient safety practices. However, diverse data collection methods and approaches to analysis impede knowledge building in this field. This paper makes explicit several challenges to quantifying the timing of prophylactic antibiotics that we encountered during a recent study and offers a suggested protocol for resolving these challenges. CHALLENGES: Two clear challenges manifested during the data extraction process: the actual classification of antibiotic timing, and the additional complication of multiple antibiotic regimens with different timing classifications in a single case. A formalized protocol was developed for dealing with incomplete, ambiguous and unclear documentation. A hierarchical coding system was implemented for managing cases with multiple antibiotic regimens. INTERPRETATION: Researchers who are tracking prophylactic antibiotic timing as an outcome measure should be aware that documentation of antibiotic timing in the patient chart is frequently incomplete and unclear, and these inconsistencies should be accounted for in analyses. We have developed a systematic method for dealing with specific problematic patterns encountered in the data. We propose that the general adoption of a systematic approach to analysis of this type of data will allow for cross-study comparisons and ensure that interpretation of results is on the basis of timing practices rather than documentation practices.


Subject(s)
Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Documentation/methods , Outcome Assessment, Health Care/methods , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/adverse effects , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/classification , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Administration Schedule , Humans , Medical Records , Time Factors
11.
ACM arq. catarin. med ; 36(supl.1): 180-182, jun. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-533018

ABSTRACT

Introdução: a prevenção e o controle das infecções cirúrgicas mais difíceis podem ser realizados com antibióticos. Porém, ainda persistem as infecções graves. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão sobre o uso adequado de antibióticos em cirurgia. Métodos: foram selecionadostrabalhos a partir do banco de dados Medline, sendo incluídos apenas “clinical trials” randomizados dos últimos 10 anos. Foram também revisados os dadospublicados pela National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System (US). Conclusões: concluímos queo uso de antibióticos não substitui a boa técnica cirúrgica. A adequada avaliação do paciente é importante para aprogramação da profilaxia antimicrobiana. O uso inadequado dos antibióticos não diminui a incidência deinfecção.


Background: the prevention and control of the most difficult surgical infections can be done by antibiotics.However, severe infections still occur. Objective: to review the appropriate use of antibiotics in surgery. Methods:the studies were selected from Medline, including only randomized clinical trials of the last 10 years. Data published by the National Nosocomial InfectionsSurveillance System (US) were also reviewed. Conclusions: we concluded that the use of antibiotics do not replace the good surgical techniques. The appropriate patient evaluation is important to plan the antibioticprophylaxis. The inappropriate use of antibiotics does not decrease the incidence of infections.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Asepsis , Infections , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/classification , Asepsis/methods , Asepsis/standards , Infections/surgery , Infections/diagnosis , Infections/metabolism
13.
Dent Clin North Am ; 46(4): 635-51, 2002 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12436821

ABSTRACT

It would seem from a review of the evidence that the need for antibiotic prophylaxis in dentistry is overstated. In simple mathematic terms, the risk for providing coverage is greater than the outcomes that could arise if coverage is withheld. In addition, there is the increasing problem of the development of resistant strains and their impact on medicine and dentistry. Yet despite these observations, the profession continues to put their patients at this greater risk. Medico-legal issues do cloud judgments in this area and many dentists err on the side of caution. The profession does require clear, uniform guidelines that are evidence-based. At present, there is still significant debate as to who is at risk from dental-induced bacteremia and what procedures require chemoprophylaxis.


Subject(s)
Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Dental Care , Endocarditis, Bacterial/prevention & control , Joint Prosthesis , Oral Surgical Procedures , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/classification , Bacteremia/prevention & control , Contraindications , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Humans , Immunosuppression Therapy , Liability, Legal , Molar, Third/surgery , Orthognathic Surgical Procedures , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Prostheses and Implants , Risk Factors , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control , Tooth, Impacted/surgery
14.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 71(2): 96-101, ene. 2002. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-11040

ABSTRACT

Desde hace 20 años los principios de la profilaxis antibiótica permanecen vigentes. No obstante, con una gran frecuencia en todos los países, desarrollados o no, se documenta que su incumplimiento es una práctica habitual en cirugía. Los estudios que han abordado el estudio de los determinantes de cumplimiento son escasos. Aunque la información es insuficiente, se ha establecido una serie de factores que pueden influir. Dentro de los factores relacionados con el paciente se encuentran el sexo, el grado de contaminación y la duración de la cirugía, si la cirugía es de urgencia o programada, el momento del día en que se realiza la cirugía, el nivel ASA y la enfermedad subyacente. Dentro de los factores dependientes del cirujano pueden influir el dogmatismo, nihilismo, arrogancia, miedo al fracaso, mercadotecnia de las casas comerciales, sensación de seguridad, falta de formación científica, no diferenciar profilaxis de tratamiento, no diferenciar inflamación de infección, trabajar o no en un hospital docente y la comprobación de que la alteración de la profilaxis recomendada no aumenta el riesgo de infección. Para conseguir que se cumplan las normas de profilaxis antibiótica se sugiere una serie de soluciones, que van desde la evaluación del grado de cumplimiento hasta el aumento de la formación científica, especialmente en la residencia donde el futuro cirujano es más moldeable y adopta las prácticas de sus tutores. (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Male , Humans , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/classification , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/methods , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/trends , Internship and Residency/classification , Internship and Residency/standards , General Surgery/education , General Surgery/trends , Drug Utilization/statistics & numerical data , Drug Utilization/standards , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
15.
La Paz; 2001. 84 p. tab, graf. (BO).
Thesis in Spanish | LIBOCS, LIBOSP | ID: biblio-1309369

ABSTRACT

Instituto Boliviano de Rehabilitación de la Caja Nacional de Salud, brinda atención de fisioterapia y rehabilitación por más de treinta años. Actualmente, atiende a una cantidad considerable de pacientes, entre ellos, lesionados medulares. El paciente lesionado medular, sufre una serie de alteraciones fisiológicas tales como, vesicales, intestinales y úlceras por decúbito primordialmente, así como, alteraciones respiratorias, sexuales, vasculares y músculos esqueléticas entre otras; de las cuales no resibe una orientación adecuada...


Subject(s)
Abbreviated Injury Scale , Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/classification , Health Services Programming , Wounds and Injuries/classification
16.
O.R.L.-DIPS ; 27(4): 197-200, nov. 2000. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-5879

ABSTRACT

La infección de la herida quirúrgica es la complicación postquirúrgica inmediata más frecuente. Repercute en la morbilidad del paciente así como en la prolongación de la estancia hospitalaria, con el consiguiente aumento en el gasto sanitario. La profilaxis antibiótica reduce de manera significativa la probabilidad de aparición de la infección postquirúrgica. En este artículo pretendemos consensuar una pauta de profilaxis, tras revisar las tendencias actuales (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Male , Humans , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/classification , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/methods , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/trends , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control , Amoxicillin/therapeutic use , Amoxicillin/standards , Cefazolin/therapeutic use , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Gentamicins/therapeutic use , Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/drug therapy , Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/prevention & control , Otolaryngology/standards , Otolaryngology/trends , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/surgery , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/prevention & control , Length of Stay/economics , Length of Stay/trends , Quality of Life , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/statistics & numerical data , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/instrumentation
17.
Actual. infectología (Caracas) ; 16(2): 9-12, mayo-ago. 2000. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-269713

ABSTRACT

Cefepime es una cefalosporina de cuarta generación que se utiliza en infecciones musculoesqueléticas. Este estudio se realizó en 26 pacientes con fracturas de miembro inferior y superior a los cuales se administró cefepime (1 g vía endovenosa justo antes de comenzar la cirugía y dos dosis de 1 g cada 12 horas en las primeras 24 horas del postoperatorio, para continuar sin antibioticoterapia). Este trabajo demuestra que cefepime reúne las condiciones suficientes para servir como alternativa terapéutica para profilaxis en cirugía ortopédica y traumatológica


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Cephalosporins/therapeutic use , Fractures, Bone/surgery , Muscle, Skeletal/surgery , Orthopedics , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/classification
18.
Pediátrika (Madr.) ; 20(4): 138-140, abr. 2000.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-12039

ABSTRACT

Los recién nacidos prematuros < de 35 semanas de edad gestacional, con o sin enfermedad pulmonar crónica (EPC) deben ser considerados como una población con alto riesgo de infectarse con VRS y ser hospitalizados. Con el anticuerpo monoclonal anti VRS (Palivizumab), se ha conseguido disminuir el porcentaje de hospitalizaciones en estos pacientes. Las recomendaciones para la prevención de la infección por VRS incluyen:1. Se recomienda su uso en prematuros de 29-32 semanas sin EPC que sean menores de 6 meses al inicio de la estación del VRS.2. Muy recomendada en prematuros < de 28 semanas o con EPC en tratamiento en los 6 meses anteriores al inicio de la estación. En estos pacientes la profilaxis se hará durante dos estaciones.3. No se recomienda de modo rutinario la profilaxis en los prematuros de 32-35 semanas. En cada paciente de este grupo se ha de valorar los factores de riesgo (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Child, Preschool , Infant , Male , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/complications , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/prevention & control , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/therapy , Spumavirus/isolation & purification , Spumavirus/pathogenicity , Infant, Premature, Diseases/diagnosis , Infant, Premature, Diseases/etiology , Infant, Premature, Diseases/prevention & control , Infant, Premature, Diseases/therapy , Bronchiolitis/diagnosis , Bronchiolitis/epidemiology , Bronchiolitis/prevention & control , Bronchiolitis/therapy , Risk Factors , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/classification , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/methods , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/trends , Respiratory Tract Diseases/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Diseases/etiology , Respiratory Tract Diseases/prevention & control , Respiratory Tract Diseases/therapy , Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/isolation & purification , Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/pathogenicity , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Viral Vaccines/therapeutic use , Immunity, Innate , Immunotherapy, Active , Immunization Programs
19.
Sucre; s.n; esp; nov.1970. 29 p.
Thesis in Spanish | LIBOCS, LIBOSP | ID: biblio-1306306

ABSTRACT

1.- En las personas motivo de la casuistica inoculada con quistina ¨Ricar¨se presentaron 7 casos positivos,2.- Las manifestaciones generales dominates despues de la inoculacion del antìgeno(Quistina ¨Ricar¨)fueron scefaleas insomnio sudoracion marcada en la palma de las manos y planta de los pies, 3.- Analizando la respuesta local constatamos en todos los casos eritema marcado que no guarda relacion con el infiltrado lo que nos demuestra que para interpretar el resultado en su verdadero valor simplemente tomamos en cuenta este ultimo elemento (infiltrado), 4.- Para afiarmar con certeza que la positividad de los casos obtenidos a la inoculaciodsn de Quistina obdecen especificamente a una respuesta de antigeno-anticuerpo, habria que completar el estudio con una creacciòn serològica


Subject(s)
Humans , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/classification , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/methods
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