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3.
Langenbecks Arch Surg ; 409(1): 157, 2024 May 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38735992

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The JCOG (Japan Clinical Oncology Group) 0212 study did not confirm the noninferiority of mesorectal excision (ME) alone to ME with LLND for rectal or anal adenocarcinomas. Furthermore, the significance of LLND for SCCs remains unknown. We evaluated the significance of lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anal canal. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in 435 patients with SCCs among 1,781 patients with anal canal tumors. In 40 patients who underwent LLND, the 5-year relapse-free survival (5y-RFS) and 5-year overall survival (5y-OS) were compared between groups with positive and negative histopathological findings. In 71 patients with negative lateral lymph node metastasis in the preoperative diagnosis, the 5y-RFS, 5y-OS, and 5-year local recurrence-free survival were compared between patients who did and did not undergo LLND. RESULTS: The clinical and pathological T stages predicted pathological lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis. There was no statistically significant difference in 5y-RFS and 5y-OS between patients who did and did not undergo LLND. Among patients who underwent LLND, 5y-RFS in those with positive histopathological findings (15.0%) was worse than that in those without (59.2%) (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: In patients who underwent LLND, 5y-RFS in those with positive histopathological findings than in those without LLND did not contribute to prognosis.


Subject(s)
Anus Neoplasms , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Lymph Node Excision , Lymphatic Metastasis , Humans , Anus Neoplasms/pathology , Anus Neoplasms/surgery , Anus Neoplasms/mortality , Male , Retrospective Studies , Female , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality , Aged , Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology , Neoplasm Staging , Adult , Aged, 80 and over , Cohort Studies , Disease-Free Survival , Survival Rate
5.
J Surg Oncol ; 129(7): 1213-1223, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38533993

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study assessed trends in treatment and outcomes of anal melanomas over a 17-year period. METHODS: NCDB was searched for patients with anal melanoma (2004-2020). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine cutoff year marking increased overall survival (OS) of anal melanoma. Characteristics, treatments, and outcomes in consecutive time periods were compared. RESULTS: A total of 815 patients (mean age: 67.2 years; 59.4% female) were included: 354 in Period 1 (2004-2012) and 461 in Period 2 (2013-2020). Period 2 included fewer abdominoperineal resections (18% vs. 28%, p = 0.002), more local tumor excisions (61.1% vs. 55%, p = 0.002), more often immunotherapy (odds ratio [OR]: 3.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.22-5.22, p < 0.001) and less often chemotherapy (OR: 0.516, 95% CI: 0.352-0.755, p < 0.001) administered and longer median OS (25.2 vs. 19.8 months, p = 0.006). Independent predictors of worse OS were older age (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.02, p = 0.012), higher Charlson score (HR: 2.32, p = 0.02), and greater number of positive lymph nodes (HR: 1.15, p < 0.001); conversely private insurance (HR: 0.385, p = 0.008) was predictive of increased OS. CONCLUSIONS: Anal melanoma patients diagnosed between 2013 and 2020 underwent fewer abdominoperineal resections and more local excisions than patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2013. Increased immunotherapy and longer median OS were noted in period two. Age and private insurance were significant predictors of OS, remaining constant across time periods.


Subject(s)
Anus Neoplasms , Databases, Factual , Melanoma , Humans , Melanoma/surgery , Melanoma/mortality , Melanoma/pathology , Female , Male , Anus Neoplasms/surgery , Anus Neoplasms/mortality , Anus Neoplasms/pathology , Aged , Middle Aged , Survival Rate , Follow-Up Studies , Retrospective Studies , Prognosis , Aged, 80 and over
6.
Int J Clin Oncol ; 29(6): 813-821, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38526623

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The standard treatment for anal squamous cell carcinoma is chemoradiation therapy (CRT), but there is a possibility of over-treatment for early-stage disease. cTisN0 and cT1N0 disease is currently indicated for local excision, but it is unclear whether the indication of local excision can be expanded to cT2N0 disease. METHODS: 126 patients with cTis-T2N0 anal cancer treated at 47 centers in Japan between 1991 and 2015 were included. Patients were first classified into the CRT group and surgical therapy group according to the initial therapy, and the latter was further divided into local excision (LE) and radical surgery (RS) groups. We compared prognoses among the groups, and analyzed risk factors for recurrence after local excision. RESULTS: The CRT group (n = 87) and surgical therapy group (n = 39) showed no difference in relapse-free survival (p = 0.29) and overall survival (p = 0.94). Relapse-free survival curves in the LE (n = 23) and RS groups (n = 16) overlapped for the initial 3 years, but the curve for the LE group went lower beyond (p = 0.33). By contrast, there was no difference in overall survival between the two groups (p = 0.98). In the LE group, the majority of recurrences distributed in locoregional areas, which could be managed by salvage treatments. Muscular invasion was associated with recurrence after local excision (hazard ratio: 22.91, p = 0.011). CONCLUSION: LE may be applied to selected patients with anal cancer of cTis-T2N0 stage. Given the high risk of recurrence in cases with muscular invasion, it may be important to consider close surveillance and additional treatment in such patients.


Subject(s)
Anus Neoplasms , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Humans , Anus Neoplasms/pathology , Anus Neoplasms/surgery , Anus Neoplasms/therapy , Male , Female , Aged , Middle Aged , Japan , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy , Neoplasm Staging , Adult , Chemoradiotherapy , Aged, 80 and over , Prognosis , Disease-Free Survival , Retrospective Studies
7.
Dis Colon Rectum ; 67(5): 714-722, 2024 May 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38335005

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism occurs in approximately 2% of patients undergoing abdominal and pelvic surgery for cancers of the colon, rectum, and anus and is considered preventable. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons recommends extended prophylaxis in high-risk patients, but there is low adherence to the guidelines. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze the impact of venous thromboembolism risk-guided prophylaxis in patients undergoing elective abdominal and pelvic surgeries for colorectal and anal cancers from 2016 to 2021. DESIGN: This was a retrospective analysis. SETTING: The study was conducted at a multisite tertiary referral academic health care system. PATIENTS: Patients who underwent elective abdominal or pelvic surgery for colon, rectal, or anal cancer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Receipt of Caprini-guided venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, 90-day postoperative rate of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, venous thromboembolism, and bleeding events. RESULTS: A total of 3504 patients underwent elective operations, of whom 2224 (63%) received appropriate thromboprophylaxis in the inpatient setting. In the postdischarged cohort of 2769 patients, only 2% received appropriate thromboprophylaxis and no thromboembolic events were observed. In the group receiving inappropriate thromboprophylaxis, at 90 days postdischarge, the deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and venous thromboembolism rates were 0.60%, 0.40%, and 0.88%, respectively. Postoperative bleeding was not different between the 2 groups. LIMITATIONS: Limitations to our study include its retrospective nature, use of aggregated electronic medical records, and single health care system experience. CONCLUSION: Most patients in our health care system undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery for cancers of the colon, rectum, and anus were discharged without appropriate Caprini-guided venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. Risk-guided prophylaxis was associated with decreased rates of inhospital and postdischarge venous thromboembolism without increased bleeding complications. See Video Abstract . MARGEN DE MEJORA EL IMPACTO DE LA TROMBOPROFILAXIS RECOMENDADA POR LAS DIRECTRICES EN PACIENTES SOMETIDOS A CIRUGA ABDOMINAL POR CNCER COLORRECTAL Y ANAL EN UN CENTRO DE REFERENCIA TERCIARIO: ANTECEDENTES:El tromboembolismo venoso ocurre en aproximadamente el 2% de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía abdominal y pélvica por cánceres de colon, recto y ano, y se considera prevenible. La Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto recomienda una profilaxis prolongada en pacientes de alto riesgo, pero el cumplimiento de las directrices es bajo.OBJETIVO:Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto de la profilaxis guiada por el riesgo de tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) en pacientes sometidos a cirugías abdominales y pélvicas electivas por cáncer colorrectal y anal entre 2016 y 2021.DISEÑO:Este fue un análisis retrospectivo.AJUSTE:El estudio se llevó a cabo en un sistema de salud académico de referencia terciaria de múltiples sitios.PACIENTES:Pacientes sometidos a cirugía abdominal o pélvica electiva por cáncer de colon, recto o ano.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:Recepción de profilaxis de tromboembolismo venoso guiada por Caprini, tasa postoperatoria de 90 días de trombosis venosa profunda, embolia pulmonar, tromboembolismo venoso y eventos de sangrado.RESULTADOS:Un total de 3.504 pacientes se sometieron a operaciones electivas, de los cuales 2.224 (63%) recibieron tromboprofilaxis adecuada en el ámbito hospitalario. En el cohorte de 2.769 pacientes después del alta, solo el 2% recibió tromboprofilaxis adecuada en la que no se observaron eventos tromboembólicos. En el grupo que recibió tromboprofilaxis inadecuada, a los 90 días después del alta, las tasas de trombosis venosa profunda, embolia pulmonar y tromboembolia venosa fueron del 0,60%, 0,40% y 0,88%, respectivamente. El sangrado posoperatorio no fue diferente entre los dos grupos.LIMITACIONES:Las limitaciones de nuestro estudio incluyen su naturaleza retrospectiva, el uso de registros médicos electrónicos agregados y la experiencia de un solo sistema de atención médica.CONCLUSIÓN:La mayoría de los pacientes en nuestro sistema de salud sometidos a cirugía abdominal o pélvica por cánceres de colon, recto y ano fueron dados de alta sin una profilaxis adecuada de TEV guiada por Caprini. La profilaxis guiada por el riesgo se asoció con menores tasas de tromboembolismo venoso hospitalario y dado de alta sin un aumento de las complicaciones de sangrado. (Traducción-Dr. Aurian Garcia Gonzalez ).


Subject(s)
Anus Neoplasms , Pulmonary Embolism , Venous Thromboembolism , Venous Thrombosis , Humans , Tertiary Care Centers , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Aftercare , Retrospective Studies , Venous Thromboembolism/epidemiology , Venous Thromboembolism/etiology , Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Patient Discharge , Anus Neoplasms/surgery , Inpatients , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control
9.
J Gastrointest Surg ; 28(1): 57-63, 2024 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38353075

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: High-risk patients undergoing abdominoperineal resection and pelvic exenteration may benefit from immediate flap reconstruction. However, there is currently no consensus on the ideal flap choice or patient for whom this is necessary. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of using pedicled gracilis flaps for pelvic reconstruction and to analyze predictors of postoperative complications. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of a single reconstructive surgeon's cases between January 2012 and June 2021 identifying patients who underwent perineal reconstruction secondary to oncologic resection. Preoperative and outcome variables were collected and analyzed to determine the risk of developing minor and major wound complications. RESULTS: A total of 101 patients were included in the study with most patients (n = 88) undergoing unilateral gracilis flap reconstruction after oncologic resection. The mean follow-up period was 75 months. Of 101 patients, 8 (7.9%) developed early major complications, and an additional 13 (12.9%) developed late major complications. Minor complications developed in 33 patients (32.7%) with most cases being minor wound breakdown requiring local wound care. Most patients (n = 92, 91.1%) did not develop donor site complications. Anal cancer was significantly associated with early major complications, whereas younger age and elevated body mass index were significant predictors of developing minor wound complications. CONCLUSIONS: This study builds on our previous work that demonstrated the long-term success rate of gracilis flap reconstruction after large pelvic oncologic resections. A few patients developed donor site complications, and perineal complications were usually easily managed with local wound care, thus making the gracilis flap an attractive alternative to abdominal-based flaps.


Subject(s)
Anus Neoplasms , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Rectal Neoplasms , Humans , Surgical Flaps/surgery , Plastic Surgery Procedures/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Pelvis , Anus Neoplasms/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Perineum/surgery , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery
10.
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho ; 51(1): 69-71, 2024 Jan.
Article in Japanese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38247095

ABSTRACT

A 30s female complaining of anal pain and melena was referred to our hospital. The support by adolescent-and-young- adult(AYA)team was initiated after the first encounter. Colonoscopic examination revealed an ulcerated tumor on the anterior wall of anal canal with its anal margin on anal verge and the tumor was diagnosed as an adenocarcinoma. Contrast- enhanced CT and MRI revealed adjacency of tumor and vagina, enlarged lymph nodes and multiple pulmonary nodules. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)-positron emission tomography(PET)additionally revealed tracer accumulation in left sciatica, which led us to the diagnosis of advanced anal cancer. We planned and safely performed concomitant partial vaginal resection in robot-assisted laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection for the palliative purpose after discussion on physical and psychosocial issues including stoma and fertility with the patient, her family and AYA members. The pathological diagnosis was pT4b(vagina)N1aM1b, pStage ⅣB, and the local margin was pathologically negative. The postoperative course was smooth and she was discharged on postoperative day 16. Fifty one days after operation, she started systemic chemotherapy after decision on not to take ovarian samples and continues systemic chemotherapy as of writing. Support by AYA team was effective to facilitate the patient's decision-making and the communication between the patient and the medical team.


Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma , Anus Neoplasms , Female , Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Anal Canal , Adenocarcinoma/surgery , Anus Neoplasms/surgery , Pelvis , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
11.
Updates Surg ; 76(1): 309-313, 2024 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37898965

ABSTRACT

Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is the most common histological subtype of malignant tumor affecting the anal canal. Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the first-line treatment in nearly all cases, ensuring complete clinical response in up to 80% of patients. Abdominoperineal resection (APR) is typically reserved as salvage therapy in those patients with persistent or recurrent tumor after CRT. In locally advanced tumors, an extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE), which entails excision of the anal canal and levator muscles, might be indicated to obtain negative resection margins. In this setting, the combination of highly irradiated tissue and large surgical defect increases the risk of developing postoperative perineal wound complications. One of the most dreadful complications is perineal evisceration (PE), which requires immediate surgical treatment to avoid irreversibile organ damage. Different techniques have been described to prevent perineal complications after ELAPE, although none of them have reached consensus. In this technical note, we present a case of PE after ELAPE performed for a recurrent ASCC. Perineal evisceration was approached by combining a uterine retroversion with a gluteal transposition flap to obtain wound healing and reinforcement of the pelvic floor at once, when a mesh placement is not recommended.


Subject(s)
Anus Neoplasms , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Proctectomy , Rectal Neoplasms , Uterine Retroversion , Female , Humans , Uterine Retroversion/complications , Uterine Retroversion/surgery , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Rectal Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/etiology , Proctectomy/adverse effects , Anus Neoplasms/surgery , Anus Neoplasms/etiology , Postoperative Complications/etiology
12.
Int J Cancer ; 154(3): 504-515, 2024 Feb 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37908048

ABSTRACT

The management of anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) has yet to experience the transformative impact of precision medicine. Conducting genomic analyses may uncover novel prognostic biomarkers and offer potential directions for the development of targeted therapies. To that end, we assessed the prognostic and theragnostic implications of pathogenic variants identified in 571 cancer-related genes from surgical samples collected from a homogeneous, multicentric French cohort of 158 ASCC patients who underwent abdominoperineal resection treatment. Alterations in PI3K/AKT/mTOR, chromatin remodeling, and Notch pathways were frequent in HPV-positive tumors, while HPV-negative tumors often harbored variants in cell cycle regulation and genome integrity maintenance genes (e.g., frequent TP53 and TERT promoter mutations). In patients with HPV-positive tumors, KMT2C and PIK3CA exon 9/20 pathogenic variants were associated with worse overall survival in multivariate analysis (Hazard ratio (HR)KMT2C = 2.54, 95%CI = [1.25,5.17], P value = .010; HRPIK3CA = 2.43, 95%CI = [1.3,4.56], P value = .006). Alterations with theragnostic value in another cancer type was detected in 43% of patients. These results suggest that PIK3CA and KMT2C pathogenic variants are independent prognostic factors in patients with ASCC with HPV-positive tumors treated by abdominoperineal resection. And, importantly, the high prevalence of alterations bearing potential theragnostic value strongly supports the use of genomic profiling to allow patient enrollment in precision medicine clinical trials.


Subject(s)
Anus Neoplasms , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Proctectomy , Humans , Anus Neoplasms/genetics , Anus Neoplasms/pathology , Anus Neoplasms/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics , Mutation , Papillomavirus Infections/complications , Papillomavirus Infections/genetics , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics , Prognosis
13.
Dis Colon Rectum ; 67(1): 90-96, 2024 Jan 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38091415

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Using standard anterior approaches, consistent R0 resection of locally advanced primary and recurrent rectal and anal cancer involving the deep pelvic sidewall may be unattainable. Therefore, to improve R0 resection rates, we have used a posterior-first, then anterior 2-stage approach to resection of tumors in this location. OBJECTIVE: To assess the R0 resection rate and surgical outcomes of the first 10 patients operated on using this approach. DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective case series review of our prospectively maintained surgical pathology and tumor registries. SETTING: This study was conducted at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. PATIENTS: Ten patients (6 female individuals, median age 53.5 years) with primary or recurrent anal or rectal cancer treated with a posterior-first, then anterior 2-stage approach were identified. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measures were the R0 resection rate and surgical outcomes. RESULTS: An R0 resection was achieved in all 10 patients. Nine patients developed 1 or more 30-day Clavien-Dindo grade III complications. Nine patients developed gluteal wound complications ranging from superficial wound dehiscence to flap necrosis. During the follow-up period, 4 patients were found to have metastatic disease and 1 patient had local re-recurrence. LIMITATIONS: Small cohort with heterogeneous tumors and a short follow-up duration. CONCLUSION: A posterior-first, then anterior 2-stage approach has allowed us to achieve consistent R0 resection margins in locally advanced primary and recurrent rectal and anal cancers involving the deep pelvic sidewall. Poor wound healing of the posterior gluteal incision is a common complication. See Video Abstract. MEJORANDO LAS TASAS DE RESECCIN R CON UN ABORDAJE DE DOS ETAPAS PRIMERO POSTERIOR PARA LA RESECCIN EN BLOQUE DE CNCERES ANORRECTALES PRIMARIOS Y RECURRENTES LOCALMENTE AVANZADOS QUE AFECTAN LA PARED LATERAL PLVICA PROFUNDA: ANTECEDENTES:Utilizando abordajes anteriores estándares, la resección R0 consistente del cáncer de recto y ano primario y recurrente localmente avanzado involucrando la pared lateral pélvica profunda puede ser inalcanzable. Por lo tanto, para mejorar las tasas de resección R0, hemos empleado un abordaje de 2 etapas primero posterior y luego anterior para la resección de tumores en esta ubicación.OBJETIVO:Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la tasa de resección R0 y los resultados quirúrgicos de los primeros 10 pacientes operados con este abordaje.DISEÑO:Realizamos una revisión retrospectiva de series de casos de nuestros registros de patología quirúrgica y tumores mantenidos prospectivamente.AJUSTE:Este estudio se realizó en la Clínica Mayo en Rochester, Minnesota, EE. UU.PACIENTES:Se identificaron diez pacientes (6 mujeres, mediana de edad 53.5 años) con cáncer anal o rectal primario o recurrente tratados con un abordaje de dos etapas, primero posterior y luego anterior.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:Las medidas de resultado primarias fueron la tasa de resección R0 y los resultados quirúrgicos.RESULTADOS:Se logró una resección R0 en los 10 pacientes. Nueve pacientes desarrollaron una o más complicaciones de grado III de Clavien-Dindo a los 30 días. Nueve pacientes desarrollaron complicaciones de la herida del glúteo que variaron desde dehiscencia superficial de la herida hasta necrosis del colgajo. Durante el período de seguimiento, se encontró que 4 pacientes tenían enfermedad metastásica y un paciente tuvo recurrencia local.LIMITACIONES:Cohorte pequeño con tumores heterogéneos y corta duración de seguimiento.CONCLUSIÓN:Un abordaje en 2 etapas, primero posterior y luego anterior, nos ha permitido lograr márgenes de resección R0 consistentes en cánceres de recto y anal primarios y recurrentes localmente avanzados que afectan la pared lateral pélvica profunda. La mala cicatrización de la incisión glútea posterior es una complicación común. (Traducción-Dr. Aurian Garcia Gonzalez).


Subject(s)
Anus Neoplasms , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms , Rectal Neoplasms , Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Anus Neoplasms/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications , Necrosis
14.
Tech Coloproctol ; 27(12): 1367-1375, 2023 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37878167

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to clarify the efficacy and safety of transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) for total pelvic exenteration (TPE) in advanced primary and recurrent pelvic malignancies. METHODS: Using a prospectively collected database, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical, surgical, and pathological outcomes of TAMIS for TPE. Surgery was performed between September 2019 and April 2023. The median follow-up period was 22 months (2-45 months). RESULTS: Fifteen consecutive patients were included in this analysis M:F = 14:1 and median (range) age was 63 (36-74). Their diagnoses were as follows: primary rectal cancer (n = 5; 33%), recurrent rectal cancer (n = 4; 27%), primary anorectal cancer (n = 5; 33%), and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (n = 1; 7%). Bladder-sparing TPE was selected for two patients (13%). In nine of 15 patients (60%) the anal sphincter could be successfully preserved, five patients (33%) required combined resection of the internal iliac vessels, and two (13%) required rectus muscle flap reconstruction. The median operative time was 723 min (561-1082), and the median intraoperative blood loss was 195 ml (30-1520). The Clavien-Dindo classifications of the postoperative complications were as follows: grade 0-2 (n = 11; 73%); 3a (n = 3; 20%); 3b (n = 1; 7%); and ≥ 4 (n = 0; 0%). No cases of conversion to laparotomy or mortality were observed. The pathological results demonstrated that R0 was achieved in 14 patients (93%). CONCLUSIONS: The short-term outcomes of this initial experience proved that this novel approach is feasible for TPE, with low blood loss, acceptable postoperative complications, and a satisfactory R0 resection rate.


Subject(s)
Anus Neoplasms , Carcinoma , Pelvic Exenteration , Pelvic Neoplasms , Rectal Neoplasms , Transanal Endoscopic Surgery , Humans , Pelvic Neoplasms/surgery , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Rectal Neoplasms/pathology , Pelvic Exenteration/adverse effects , Pelvic Exenteration/methods , Retrospective Studies , Feasibility Studies , Anus Neoplasms/surgery , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Carcinoma/surgery , Transanal Endoscopic Surgery/adverse effects , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology , Treatment Outcome
15.
Eur J Surg Oncol ; 49(11): 107093, 2023 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37801832

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: There is increasing use of local excision (LE) for definitive treatment of early-stage anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) to avoid the morbidity associated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT). However, the importance of different histological variables on risk of recurrence is poorly understood. METHODS: A detailed analysis of patient characteristics, histology results, recurrence patterns and salvage treatment was conducted in consecutive T1/T2N0 ASCC patients treated by LE 2010-2021 across a UK regional cancer network multi-disciplinary team (MDT). Associations between potential predictors of disease recurrence were explored using chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis tests for categorical and continuous variables respectively. RESULTS: Of 621 ASCC patients discussed in the network MDT, 164 had early-stage disease (T1/T2 N0). Of these, 36 (22%) were deemed suitable for LE (median age 61 years, female to male ratio 2:1). Twenty-two LE tumours were T1; 14 were T2. There were 12 well-differentiated tumours, 21 moderate and 3 poorly-differentiated. Seven out of 36 LE patients (19.4%) developed recurrence, all of whom went on to have salvage treatment with CRT (n = 4), re-excision (n = 2) or radiotherapy (n = 1). Predictors of disease recurrence following LE were: tumour differentiation (p = 0.024), tumour depth (p = 0.033) and R1 resection margin (p = 0.034). Tumour stage and site (margin/canal) were non-significant. CONCLUSION: LE for T1/T2 N0 ASCC of the margin or canal is a viable treatment strategy to avoid the morbidity associated with CRT and salvage treatments are still available for patients that develop recurrence. Tumour differentiation, depth and margin status are all important factors to consider when discussing management of early-stage ASCC.


Subject(s)
Anus Neoplasms , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Digestive System Surgical Procedures , Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology , Anus Neoplasms/surgery , Anus Neoplasms/pathology , Chemoradiotherapy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Neoplasm Staging
16.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol ; 291: 82-87, 2023 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37852112

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN2-3) among immunocompetent women treated for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2-3). Such knowledge is strongly needed to establish whether a screening program should be recommended in this group of patients. METHODS: This prospective study included a cohort of consecutive women with no known causes of immunosuppression treated with LEEP (loop electrosurgical excision procedure) for a histopathological diagnosis of CIN2-3 in our center between 2019 and 2021. Following the procedure, all patients were invited to undergo anal cytology and anal high-risk HPV-DNA testing (aHPV-DNA). In cases in which one or both tests resulted positive, a high-resolution anoscopy with a biopsy of suspicious lesions was performed. All women also completed a questionnaire on sexual habits. RESULTS: At total of 100 women were enrolled in the study. Among these, eight patients had a concomitant or past diagnosis of anogenital warts, while one patient had received a previous diagnosis of high-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. Anal Pap smears were positive for low-grade lesions in three patients, while 73 women tested positive for aHPV-DNA. Histological examinations revealed the presence of AIN2-3 lesions in four patients (6.5%; 95% C.I., 1.8 to 15.7%), who subsequently underwent excisional treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Women with a history of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia have an intermediate risk of developing high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia. Future studies are needed in order to assess an ideal screening approach for this condition.


Subject(s)
Anus Neoplasms , Papillomavirus Infections , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Humans , Female , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Papillomavirus Infections/complications , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology , Anus Neoplasms/epidemiology , Anus Neoplasms/surgery , DNA , Papillomaviridae/genetics , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology
17.
Indian J Gastroenterol ; 42(5): 694-700, 2023 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37648878

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Anal adenocarcinoma (AA) is a rare malignancy with decreased survival compared to rectal adenocarcinoma (RA). However, AA continues to be treated with similar algorithms compared to rectal cancer with minimal data regarding the efficacy of these treatment algorithms. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of patients with non-metastatic AA at a single tertiary-care institution from 1995 to 2020. This cohort was matched 2:1 to a group of RA patients for comparison. The primary outcome of interest was overall survival rates. RESULTS: Sixteen patients with stages I-III AA were matched to a cohort of RA. There were no significant differences between the cohorts with regard to patient demographics, comorbidities, disease stage or histologic features. There were also no significant differences in treatment modalities between the two cohorts with a majority undergoing multimodal therapy with chemoradiation and surgery. All patients with AA demonstrated significantly worse survival than all patients with rectal adenocarcinoma (five-year survival 47.7% vs. 82.3%, respectively. p < 0.05). When looking at a sub-group of patients who underwent combination chemoradiation and surgery from each cohort, anal adenocarcinoma continued to exhibit lower overall survival (five-year survival 41.6% and 86.4%, respectively. p < 0.05). In a multi-variable model that adjusted for location, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage and treatment pathway, tumor location in the anal canal was an independent predictor of overall survival (Hazard ratio [HR] 2.7, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: AA has worse survival as compared to RA despite similar treatment. This study highlights the need to evaluate the current classification and treatment pathways to improve outcomes.


Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma , Anus Neoplasms , Rectal Neoplasms , Humans , Retrospective Studies , Prognosis , Neoplasm Staging , Rectal Neoplasms/pathology , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Anus Neoplasms/pathology , Anus Neoplasms/surgery , Adenocarcinoma/therapy , Treatment Outcome , Survival Rate
19.
Adv Skin Wound Care ; 36(8): 1-7, 2023 Aug 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37471451

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Many patients are affected by HIV/AIDS, and these conditions are highly prevalent worldwide. Patients with HIV/AIDS can experience debilitating wound infections that often require flap reconstruction and become challenging for surgeons to treat. In the past 5 years, mesenchymal stem cells have been tested and used as regenerative therapy to promote the growth of tissues throughout the body because of their ability to successfully promote cellular mitogenesis. To the authors' knowledge, the use of mesenchymal stem cell grafting following necrosis of a myocutaneous gracilis flap (as part of perineal wound reconstruction) has never been reported in the literature.In addition, the use of mesenchymal stem cells and regenerative medicine combined in the setting of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus with prior radiation (along with comorbid AIDS) has not been previously documented.In this report, the authors outline the case of a 60-year-old patient who had a recipient bed (perineum) complication from prior radiation therapy. Complicating the clinical picture, the patient also developed a Pseudomonal organ space infection of the pelvis leading to the failure of a vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap and myocutaneous gracilis flaps. As a result, the patient underwent serial operative debridements for source control, with the application of mesenchymal stem cells, fetal bovine dermis, porcine urinary bladder xenograft, and other regenerative medicine products, achieving a highly successful clinical outcome. A procedural description for future use and replication of this method is provided.


Subject(s)
Anus Neoplasms , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , HIV Infections , Myocutaneous Flap , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Wound Infection , Humans , Animals , Cattle , Perineum , Anus Neoplasms/surgery , Myocutaneous Flap/transplantation , Wound Infection/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , HIV Infections/surgery , Retrospective Studies
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