Celiotomia e gastrotomia para remoção cirúrgica de corpos estranhos em axolote (Ambystoma mexicanum): relato de caso / Celiotomy and gastrotomy for surgical removal of foreign bodies in axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum): case report

A ingestão de corpos estranhos em aquários artificiais é uma ocorrência frequente observada na clínica cirúrgica de anfíbios criados como pets, o que inclui os axolotes (Ambystoma mexicanum). O presente relato descreve um caso de ingestão de sete corpos estranhos em um axolote macho, de cinco meses de idade, com histórico de abaulamento irregular e irredutível da superfície corpórea ventral, de consistência firme. Na anamnese foi informado que o animal habitava um aquário com substrato de cascalhos. Ao exame físico, o axolote apresentou bom estado geral e parâmetros vitais dentro da normalidade para a espécie. Os materiais deglutidos foram identificados em região gástrica por meio de exame radiográfico corpóreo total, e suas características condiziam com o substrato utilizado no aquário do paciente. Como protocolo anestésico, foi priorizada a imersão em Isofluorano e gás oxigênio, com o objetivo de atingir a via branquial e, ocasionalmente, transdérmica. A remoção cirúrgica foi feita através de celiotomia e gastrotomia em ambiente aquático com temperatura, pH e coleção bacteriana controlados, conforme literatura disponível e tendo em consideração a natureza, diâmetro e localização dos corpos estranhos. Após cinco e quinze dias do procedimento, acompanhou-se a cicatrização da ferida cirúrgica, sendo possível constatar bom restabelecimento da continuidade dos tecidos e bom estado geral do paciente.

The ingestion of foreign bodies in artificial aquariums is a frequent occurrence observed in the surgical clinic of amphibians raised as pets, which includes axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum). The present report describes a case of ingestion of seven foreign bodies in a male axolotl, five months old, with a history of irregular and irreducible bulging of the ventral body surface, with firm consistency. In the anamnesis, it was reported that the animal inhabited an aquariums with gravel substrate. On physical examination, the axolotl showed good general condition and vital parameters within the normal range for the species. The swallowed materials were identified in the gastric region by means of total body radiographic examination, and their characteristics were consistent with the substrate used in the patient's aquarium. As anesthetic protocol, immersion in Isofluorane and oxygen gas was prioritized, in order to reach the branchial and, occasionally, transdermal route. Surgical removal was performed through celiotomy and gastrotomy in an aquatic environment with controlled temperature, pH and bacterial collection, according to available literature and taking into account the nature, diameter and location of foreign bodies. After five and fifteen days of the procedure, the healing of the surgical wound was monitored, showing a good restoration of tissue continuity and a good general condition of the patient.

Acute glycemic outcomes along the aerobic training in deep water in patients with type 2 diabetes / Respuestas de la glucemia aguda a lo largo del entrenamiento aeróbico en aguas profundas en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2

Aims: The present study aimed to analyze the acute glucose responses in the first and last sessions of four mesocycles along an aquatic aerobic training periodization. Methods: Fourteen patients (6 men and 8 women; 54.3 ± 9.0 years; body mass index of 34.5 ± 3.9 kg/m2) with type 2 diabetes underwent a 12-week training program involving deep-water running. This exercise training was performed by an interval training method, with a frequency of 3 times a week, session duration of 35 minutes and intensity progressing from 85 to 90% to 95 to 100% of the anaerobic threshold heart rate (ATHR) along the periodization. Capillary glucose was assessed before and immediately after the first and last session of each mesocycle. A generalized estimated equation (time x session x mesocycle) was used to assess reductions in glucose levels in different sessions (first and last) along four mesocycles (α = 0.05). Results: All sessions resulted in a reduction in glucose levels (time effect: p <0.001), without differences between the first and last session of each mesocycle (session effect: p = 0.738). With regard to the mesocycles (mesocycle effect: p = 0.003), significant differences were found between mesocycles 2 and 3. In time mesocycle interaction (p = 0.002), in most comparisons, post-session values were lowest that pre-session values, regardless of mesocycle, except for the post-session value of mesocycle 3, which was similar to the pre-values of mesocycles 2 and 4. Conclusion: Aerobic training in deep water with crescent linear periodization over 12 weeks is able to reduce glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes

Objetivo: Analizar las respuestas de glucemia aguda en las primeras y últimas sesiones de cuatro mesociclos a lo largo de una periodización de entrenamiento aeróbico acuático. Métodos: Catorce pacientes (6 hombres y 8 mujeres; 54,3 ± 9,0 años; índice de masa corporal de 34,5 ± 3,9 kg/m2) con diabetes tipo 2 fueron sometidos a un programa de entrenamiento de 12 semanas de carrera en aguas profundas. Se realizó un entrenamiento aeróbico de intervalos, realizado 3 veces por semana, con sesiones de 35 minutos y la intensidad progresando a lo largo de la periodización desde 85% - 90% a 95% - 100% de la frecuencia cardiaca del umbral anaeróbico (FCUA). La glucosa capilar fue evaluada antes e inmediatamente después de la primera y la última sesión de cada mesociclo. Se utilizó una ecuación generalizada estimada (tiempo x sesión x mesociclo) para evaluar las reducciones en los niveles de glucosa en las diferentes sesiones (primera y última) a lo largo de cuatro mesociclos (α = 0.05). Resultados: todas las sesiones resultaran en una reducción en los niveles de glucosa (efecto tiempo: p<0,001), sin diferencias entre la primera y la última sesión de cada mesociclo (efecto de sesión: p = 0,738). Con respecto a los mesociclos (efecto mesociclo: p=0,003) se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los mesociclos 2 y 3. En la interacción tiempo mesociclo (p=0,002), en la mayor.a de las comparaciones, los valores post-sesión fueron menores de los valores pre-sesión, independientemente de mesociclo, excepto para el valor después de la sesión del mesociclo 3, que fue similar a los valores antes de la sesión de los mesociclos 2 y 4. Conclusión: Doce semanas de entrenamiento aeróbico en aguas profundas con la periodización linear y creciente es capaz de reducir los niveles de glucosa en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2

Modelo predictivo de la conducta y el bienestar en practicantes de ejercicio físico acuático / No disponible

El objetivo del estudio ha sido comprobar el poder de predicción de la pasión que transmite el técnico deportivo, el soporte de autonomía, los mediadores psicológicos y la motivación autodeterminada sobre la tasa de ejercicio y el bienestar psicológico. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 337 practicantes de ejercicio físico en el medio acuático de entre 18 y 84 años (M = 47.50, SD = 15.66), de una ciudad española. Los resultados del análisis del modelo de regresión estructural establecieron que tanto el soporte de autonomía como la pasión armoniosa predijeron positivamente los mediadores psicológicos, éstos predijeron positivamente la motivación autodeterminada, que predijo positivamente la tasa de ejercicio y el bienestar psicológico. Un clima creado por un técnico acuático con una metodología facilitadora, con pasión armoniosa y apoyo hacia la autonomía del practicante, podría ser determinante en la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas, logrando así, una mayor motivación autodeterminada que llevaría a un aumento de la práctica de ejercicio físico y una mejoría en su estado de bienestar

The objective of this study was to determine whether there is a predictive accuracy between water activity practitioners through the passion of the monitor, the autonomy support, psychological mediators, self-determinate motivation and, as final consequence, the psychological well-being and exercise rate. The sample consisted of 33 practitioners from 18 to 84 years (M = 47.50, SD = 15.66), engaged in an aquatic program done in a Spanish city. The analysis’s results of the structural model regression established that support of autonomy and the harmonious passion predicted positively the psychological mediators; these predicted positively the self-determinate motivation, that predicted positively the exercise rate and psychological well-being. A climate created by technical aquatic with a facility methodology, with a harmonious passion and support toward autonomy’s practitioners, could be decisive for the satisfaction of the psychological mediators, and thus increased a self-determinate motivation that would increase the practice of physical exercise and improvement your well-being