Research note: Virtual historical archive of the Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

This article describes the organization, operation, and contents of the Virtual Historical Archive of the Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The organization of this archive started in 2008, as part of the activities planned by the Chair II of History of Psychology, and gained the support of the Faculty of Psychology. From its beginnings to the present, several documentary sources and materials related to the history of psychology in Argentina have been incorporated. It currently contains six thematic sections and three special collections, and it is expected that in the future it will be extended to other thematic areas. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Antecedentes de la formación archivística en Costa Rica / Antecedents of the archivistic formation in Costa Rica

Resumen El artículo tiene como objetivo centrar su atención en el análisis, para darlo a conocer a la comunidad archivística costarricense, de los principales antecedentes que dieron origen a la formación archivística universitaria en Costa Rica; es decir, se investigó sobre la antesala de lo que 1978 dio origen al Diplomado en Archivo Administrativo en la entonces Escuela de Historia y Geografía de Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de Universidad de Costa Rica. Por lo tanto, el trabajo corresponde a una investigación histórica y exploratoria; en el primer caso porque se analiza e interpreta un proceso en perspectiva histórica y el segundo porque es un tema poco estudiado por la historiografía archivística costarricense. La metodología para la realización del trabajo fue el análisis documental, a partir de fuentes de información bibliográficas y documentos de archivos, que quedan reflejados en apartado de referencias bibliográficas. Así las cosas, el artículo presenta un recorrido por el origen de la Archivística en Costa Rica y los diferentes acontecimientos que antecedieron a la creación del Diplomado en Archivo Administrativo. Se concluye, entre otras cosas, que el Proyecto Piloto de la Unesco sentó las bases para el desarrollo archivístico costarricense, la modernización de los archivos y el origen de la formación archivística reglada en el país.

Abstract The article has the objective to center your attention in the analysis, to be known by the Costa Rican archivistic community, of the main antecedents that gave birth to the university archivistic formation in Costa Rica; meaning that an investigation was developed in the anteroom of 1978 with origin of the diploma in administrative archive in the old School of Geography and History of the Faculty of Social Science of the Costa Rican University. The work belongs to an historical and exploratory investigation, cause analyses one process in an historical perspective, and the second one, because it has been little studied by the Costa Rican archivistic historiography. The methodology applied for the work was the documentary analysis based on bibliographical information, and documents from archives that are reflected in the bibliographical references. The article shows a travel around the origins of the archive studies in Costa Rica, and the different events before the creation of the degree in Administrative Archive. To conclude this, the pilot project of the UNESCO, has created the bases for the archivistic development in Costa Rica, the modernization of the archives and the origins of the current archive formation rules in the country.

On Occasion of the 75th Anniversary of the "Medical Archives" Journal (1947-2021).

This year the journal "Medical Archives" celebrates 75 year of existing. "Medicinski Arhiv/Medical Archives" was founded in 1947 as official journal of the Association of Physicians (Sabor ljekara Bosne i Hercegovina) of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the first Editorial board was consisted of academicans: Vladimir Cavka (Professor of Oftalmology), Blagoje Kovacevic (Professor of Surgery), Bogdan Zimonjic (Professor of Internal medicine), and Ibro Brkic (Professor of Internal medicine). Exactly the Medical Archives journal was a key milestone that helped in education of all academic and professional staff that became the foundation of Bosnian and Herzegovinian medicine as a science and health care as a profession. Medicinski Arhiv was included in largest bimedical database Medline in 1947 and till now in that database is deposited more than 7000 papers. Also this journal has highest h-Index in Scopus database ranked by SCImago rank. In Medicinski Arhiv journal authors from more than 60 countries from whole the world published their papers, some of them with very high Scopus h-Index.

Surface analysis of ancient parchments via the EVA film: The Aleppo Codex.

The margins of several pages of the Aleppo codex have been found to be corroded and contaminated by diffuse maculae. In order to understand the origin of this decay these margins have been analysed by applying EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate plastic embedded with strong cation and anion exchangers and mixed with C8 and C18 hydrophobic resins) diskettes for harvesting surface material. The captured compounds have been eluted, digested with trypsin and analysed by nano-HPLC-MS. Three major strains of Aspergillus have been identified, namely Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus pseudoglaucus, Aspergillus amstelodami, together with a lactobacillus strain and human keratins. The novelty of this investigation is that for the first time the EVA technology has been applied to ancient parchments in the absence of mechanical deformation or distortion that could be induced if there had been water exchange between the EVA diskettes and the parchment. These findings should help curators to find suitable restoration protocols for these precious documents belonging to the world Cultural Heritage.

Fungi in archives, libraries, and museums: a review on paper conservation and human health.

The action of fungi on books, documents, maps, and works of art on paper can result in inestimable cultural losses. Plus, some of the fungi present in paper documents, surfaces and air from archives, libraries and museums are also a threat to human health. This work aims to review the literature on the most important and frequent microfungal populations found in paper-based collections all over the world, and correlate these data with human health risks. A total of 71 studies, dating between 1997 and 2018 were reviewed and organized. From 27 different countries, 207 fungal genera and 580 species were reported. Chaetomium sp. and Fusarium sp. were found to be special contaminants in the air of archives and have been associated with paper biodeterioration. The most common fungi reported (e.g. Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Alternaria species) have an impact on paper conservation but can also cause adverse human health effects. The most frequent fungal species retrieved from discoloured paper materials are discussed in greater detail. Considerations on methods of identification and quantification of fungal contamination are also presented. Finally, the authors acknowledge an urgent need for standardizing research in this area and further studies are proposed.

Ciencia amanuense: cultura manuscrita e historia natural en la Francia moderna (c. 1660-1830) / Scribal science: manuscript culture and natural history in early modern France (c. 1660-1830)

Si la historia de la ciencia ha pasado las últimas tres décadas desmantelando los mitos de la revolución científica y de la revolución de la imprenta, así como la feliz conjunción de ambas en la Edad Moderna, poca atención ha prestado a una de las sombras arrojadas por tales narrativas modernizadoras: la incontestable pervivencia de una sofisticada cultura manuscrita entre los practicantes del saber en tiempos de la llamada "cultura impresa". Prestaremos aquí atención a algunas prácticas amanuenses en el trabajo de la historia natural, utilizando para ello los ricos fondos del Muséum national d'histoire naturelle en París. Nos centraremos en artefactos manuscritos (diarios, excerptas, catálogos de fichas) e híbridos (herbarios), atendiendo a su función en cuatro gestos clave de la labor del naturalista: observar, leer, clasificar, archivar. Lejos de constituir una práctica secundaria, la creación y manipulación de registros manuscritos se situaba en el corazón de la vasta empresa del conocimiento de la naturaleza entre 1660 y 1830

If the history of science has spent the last three decades dismantling the myths of the scientific revolution and the revolution of print, as well as their happy conjunction in the early modern period, little attention has been paid to one of the shadows cast by those modernizing narratives: the unquestionable persistence of a sophisticated manuscript culture among knowledge practitioners at the time of the so-called "print culture". I will pay attention here to some scribal practices in the work of natural history, drawing from the rich collections of the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris. I will focus on manuscript artefacts (journals, excerpts, card catalogs) and hybrid artefacts (herbaria), as well as on their function in four key gestures of the naturalist: observing, reading, classifying, archiving. Far from being a practice of secondary importance, creating and handling manuscript records was at the core of the vast enterprise of the knowledge of nature between 1660 and 1830

The books of the dead revisited: mortality and morbidity in the German colonies of southern Brazil, 1850-1880 / Revisitando os livros dos mortos: mortalidade e morbidade nas colônias alemãs do sul do Brasil, 1850-1880

Abstract Examines mortality and morbidity in São Leopoldo/RS (1850-1880). Our interdisciplinary study is based on the Gemeindebücher (parish registers) produced by Lutheran communities. These "community books" reveal high rates of fertility and premature death. Infant mortality and maternal death assailed everyday life. Over half of all deaths were of infants and children. Of ten funerals, seven were for children and adults of reproductive and military age. This article contributes to debates over environmental, social and political determinants of mortality and people's arts of living and healing in proto-statistical Brazil.

Resumo Trata de morbidade e mortalidade em São Leopoldo/RS (1850-1880). Nosso estudo interdisciplinar se baseia nos Gemeindebücher (registros paroquiais) de comunidades luteranas. A análise deles revela altos índices de fertilidade e de mortes prematuras. Elevadas taxas de mortalidade materna e infantil marcavam o cotidiano. De todas as mortes, mais da metade delas eram crianças (0-14 anos). Sete em cada dez funerais eram de crianças (0-14 anos) e de adultos jovens (15-39 anos), retrato da precariedade das condições de vida. O artigo contribui para debates sobre os determinantes sócio-políticos e ambientais da mortalidade em áreas rurais. Por fim, trata das artes de viver e curar no Brasil proto-estatístico.

The books of the dead revisited: mortality and morbidity in the German colonies of southern Brazil, 1850-1880.

Examines mortality and morbidity in São Leopoldo/RS (1850-1880). Our interdisciplinary study is based on the Gemeindebücher (parish registers) produced by Lutheran communities. These "community books" reveal high rates of fertility and premature death. Infant mortality and maternal death assailed everyday life. Over half of all deaths were of infants and children. Of ten funerals, seven were for children and adults of reproductive and military age. This article contributes to debates over environmental, social and political determinants of mortality and people's arts of living and healing in proto-statistical Brazil.

[Searching for the Lost Psychiatric Archive. History of the Alfred Binet's Archives Collections]. / À la recherche de l'archive psychiatrique perdue. L'histoire des fonds d'archives d'Alfred Binet (1857-1911).

This paper examines the history of Alfred Binet's Archives. It precises the formation of its different collections. It shows and studies the dispersal which often qualifies psychiatric archives and enlightens the difficulties of the historical work relative to this kind of source.

[The Psychiatric Archives: An Opportunity to Grasp the Patient's Experience (in Belgium during the inter-war years)]. / Les archives psychiatriques : une occasion de saisir l'expérience du patient (Belgique, entre-deux-guerres).

This paper presents an exploratory reflection on the question of individual experience by patients in psychiatric institutions, in its historical dimension. Are such experiences comprehensible through an analysis of the archives originating in the hospital? This reflection forms part of a study concerning the circumstances in which women were placed in psychiatric institutions, in Belgium during interwar period (1918-1940); its ultimate objective is to come to an understanding of the social, individual and familial situations that lead to a decision to intern a woman in a closed psychiatric institution. Here, the concept of experience is used to ascertain whether a different understanding of psychiatry is viable, that is to say, to understand it as a personal life-story and as a social fact. Could we, by dint of the psychiatric archives produced by medical institutions, go beyond institutional and medical issues, so as to understand how those placed in a psychiatric institution lived through their mental illness? The objective of this article is also to prepare several methodological markers with respect to issues of interpretation, of individual experience and of emotion. This article is not so much a summing-up of the results of research conducted in psychiatric archives, but rather a deliberation on the historian's approach and appropriate course of action on the question of first-hand experience in psychiatry.

[The Iconographic Archive: what does the Visual Culture of the Origins of French Psychiatry in the Early Nineteenth Century reveal to us?] / L'archive iconographique : que nous révèle la culture visuelle des débuts de la psychiatrie française au dix-neuvième siècle ?

This article constructs a new history of the birth of psychiatry that of its visual culture, through the study of heretofore unpublished and neglected archives.The analysis of artworks commissioned by the first French psychiatrists at the beginning of the nineteenth century highlights, in an exceptional way, the recognition of subjectivation and autonomy of the mentally sick person, which is the inherent hope of psychiatry's initial project.The artists who fulfilled the first psychiatrists' commissions expressed this ideal, which was conveyed both by the humanist philanthropy of early psychiatry and by the artistic vocabulary of the nineteenth century. These works thus display both a search for subjective expression and for objectivity. Some artists recognized this subjectivity in the sick persons: either in their portrayals of the ill as autonomous individuals; in portraits of psychiatrists, which infer the presence of the sick persons under the scrutiny of the doctor; and in the asylum architecture that addressed itself to the sick individual's sensibility and cognition.

[The Historical Collection of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montreal: from the Quill to the Electronic Record, 140 Years of Mental Health Records]. / La collection patrimoniale de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal : un trésor à préserver.

Few institutions have kept the vast majority of their records. It is the enviable position of l'IUSMM. The article describes the collection, the challenges of preserving and sharing with limited budget within a legal context protecting confidentiality.

[Psychiatric Archives: Archive for which History? The Writings and Drawings of René L.] / Les archives psychiatriques : des archives pour quelle histoire ? Les papiers de René L.

The archives of the psychiatric institutions are often mobilized to investigate the history of the treatment of mental disorders and its modalities in our societies. From a patient's record, interned in the Hôpital du Bon Sauveur in the department of Manche in France in 1963, this article shows how these archives are part of writing a different story that of decolonization and particularly the independence of Algeria and the end of French colonization. In particular, studied the drawings by this patient and the way it reflects the collective history.

[Institutions without History. An Investigation into the Archives of a Private Psychiatric Hospital (France 1930-1950)]. / Des institutions privées d'histoire. Enquête sur les archives d'entreprises capitalistes dédiées à la gestion de la folie (France, 1930-1950).

Objectives Discovered by following the story of a Parisian patient, l'Hôpital psychiatrique de Saint-Rémy opened in 1937 in the east of France. It is a special institution that was created for profit and in an emergency context during the 1930s.Methods Due to the absence of administrative records, the history of this institution can be written only by using the archives of the Parisian administration and patient records. The story of this special institution allows several issues in the historiography of psychiatry: the funding of mental health, the patient transfers, the revival of the criticism against the psychiatric hospital.Results The creation of this institution in the 1930s corresponds to a specific context of demographic and economic crisis and represents a new mode of management of chronic mental illness. L'Hôpital psychiatrique de Saint-Rémy is a new place of banishment for some populations at the end of the thirties as well as a source of profit for entrepreneurs bound to the most influential political and economic networks of time.Conclusions The history and the archives of the Hôpital psychiatrique de Saint-Rémy inform us about the evolution of the psychiatric assistance but also about the treatment of madness during a difficult time of the history.

[Reconstructing a Scholarly Network from the Bonneval Hospital Collections: Relationships and Misconceptions Derived from Historical Archives]. / Reconstituer une sociabilité savante à partir du fonds d'archives du Centre Hospitalier Henri Ey de Bonneval : réseaux et leurres induits par le travail archivistique.

The French psychiatric hospital Henri Ey in Bonneval (Eure-et-Loir, Central France) is known in the history of psychiatry for a series of conferences, which brought together several key figures in the mental health field in the 1940s. The conference sessions have been published in two major volumes: Le Problème de la psychogenèse des névroses et des psychoses (The Problem of the Psychogenesis of Neuroses and Psychoses, 1950), and L'Inconscient (The Unconscious, 1966). The proceedings consist of theoretical essays and minutes of the intellectual discussions between French psychiatrists, neurologists, psychologists, psychoanalysts and philosophers. We will analyze this network through an investigation into the archives of the journal L'Évolution psychiatrique (The Evolution of Psychiatry) in order to reconstruct the history of the intellectual life of French psychiatrists in postwar society, in the course of successive reforms in medical education (Debré and Faure Reforms, 1958-1968).

The Withers Archive: online availability of H. Rodney Withers' data.

We have collected lab notebooks from Rod Wither's many years of experimentation, from laboratories in Houston and Los Angeles, as well as from several of his collaborators in the USA and overseas. The contents have been digitized, and in this note we explain the mechanism that has been set up to make the 'Withers Archive' available online.