ABSTRACT
Epidemic dropsy (ED) is caused due to intoxication with Argemone mexicana. Here we report a case series of three families, all of whom were residents of Uttar Pradesh, India, who presented in August 2013 with all the classical features of ED. We aim to highlight the importance of this malady even though the sale of unbottled mustard oil is illegal in India.
Subject(s)
Argemone/toxicity , Edema/diagnosis , Mustard Plant/toxicity , Plant Oils/toxicity , Adult , Edema/chemically induced , Edema/epidemiology , Epidemics , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
El consumo cada vez mayor de productos de la medicina alternativa y complementaria ha permitido reconocer con más frecuencia los efectos deletéreos asociados y las interacciones que estos productos pueden ocasionar. Así en la literatura médica encontramos casos reportados de toxicidad hepática con Aloe (sábila), Camellia sinensis (té verde), Rhammus purshianus (cáscara sangrada), Aesculus hippocastanum (castaño de indias) y Valeriana officinalis (valeriana), entre otros. El presente caso trata sobre una paciente femenina que consumió en dos ocasiones cardo santo (Argemone mexicana L), con intervalo de un año entre un evento y otro. En ambas oportunidades desarrolló un cuadro de diarrea, ictericia y ataque al estado general con alteración en las pruebas de función hepática. Se excluyeron otras causas de hepatopatía. Se utilizaron escalas para evaluar efectos adversos en el hígado relacionados con medicamentos. Se recabó la información del expediente clínico de la paciente y se revisó la bibliografía relacionada con el tema. Se concluyó que existe la posibilidad de lesión hepática relacionada con el consumo de Argemone mexicana L, al menos en esta paciente.
The increasing consumption of alternative medicines has lead to a greater awareness about the deleterious effects and interactions that these products can induce. Consequently, medical literature reports liver toxicity from Aloe, Camellia sinensis (green tea), Rhammus purshianus, Aesculus hippocastanum (buckeye) and Valeriana officinalis (valerian), among others. This article reports a female patient who twice consumed Mexican poppy (Argemone mexicana L) with a one-year interval between ingestions. Both times she developed diarrhea, jaundice and general malaise with impaired liver function tests. Other causes of liver disease were ruled out. Questionnaires were used to assess the possibility of drug-induced liver damage. Clinical information was collected from the patients medical record and the literature on the subject was reviewed. We conclude that, at least in this case, the most likely cause of liver toxicity was Argemone mexicana L consumption.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Argemone/adverse effects , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic/etiology , Complementary Therapies/adverse effects , Argemone/toxicity , Cnicus/toxicityABSTRACT
En el presente trabajo se evaluó el efecto tóxico de los extractos etanólicos foliares de Argemone subfusiformis cardo santo y Tagetes patula marigold sobre larvas IV y pupas de Aedes aegypti. El procesamiento de los extractos y los bioensayos se realizaron en el Laboratorio de Entomología de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Perú, de abril a diciembre de 2007, basados en los lineamientos metodológicos de la World Health Organization (2005). En larvas, se registró 100% de mortalidad con 76,8 y 153,6 mg/L del extracto de A. subfusiformis a las 12 horas de exposición, mientras que en pupas el mismo porcentaje de mortalidad se alcanzó con 153,6 mg/L a las 24 horas. De otro lado, el 92% y 77% de mortalidad en larvas y pupas respectivamente se registró con el extracto de T. patula al emplear 153,6 mg/L del extracto a las 48 horas. En A. subfusiformis las concentraciones letales al 50% (CL50) y al 90% (CL90) a las 48 horas se registraron con 6,24 y 9,91 mg/L sobre larvas y con 9,45 mg/L. y 16,92 mg/L sobre pupas. En T. patula la CL50 y CL90 a las 48 horas se registraron con 72,21 mg/L. y 137,37 mg/L sobre larvas y con 89,1 mg/L. y 167,38 mg/L sobre para pupas. Según el ANAVA existen diferencias significativas entre los tiempos de exposición y los tratamientos. La susceptibilidad de larvas y pupas de A. aegypti se evidenciaron mediante las rectas probit-logarítmicas que indican efecto tóxico de sus hojas, siendo A. subfusiformis la especie con mayor índice de mortalidad.
The aim of this research work was evaluate toxic activity of ethanolic extracts from Argemone subfusiformis Holy thistle & Tagetes patula French marigold leaves against Aedes aegypti fourth instar larvae and pupae were evaluated. Bioassay and extract processing were performed in Entomology Laboratory of National University of Trujillo, Perú, from April to December, 2007, outlined by World Health Organization (2005) standard protocol. Larvae and pupae mortality rates reached using A. subfusiformis extract were 100% with concentrations of 76,8 mg/L. and 153,6 mg/L. at 12 hours of exposure, while pupae mortality was to a concentration of 153,6 mg/L. at 24 hours of exposure. By using T. patula extract mortality rates reached were 92% and 77% on larvae and pupae, respectively with a concentration of 153,6 mg/L. at 48 hours of exposure. A. subfusiformis extracts showed LC50 and LC90 values at 48 hours on larvae which were 6,24 mg/L. and 9,91 mg/L. and pupae LC50 and LC90 values were 9,45 mg/L. and 16,92 mg/L. T patula extracts showed LC50 and LC90 values at 48 hours on larvae which were 72,21 mg/L. and 137,37 mg/L. and pupae LC50 and LC90 values were 89,1 mg/L. and 167,38 mg/L. According to ANAVA were observed significant difference among four times of exposure and five concentration levels. Larvae and pupae susceptibilities were assessed by means of log-dosage/probit lines. Both species showed leaf toxic activities against A. aegypti fourth instar larvae and pupae, being the major values of mortality to A. subfusiformis.
Subject(s)
Aedes , Argemone/adverse effects , Argemone/toxicity , Larva/growth & development , Tagetes/adverse effects , Tagetes/toxicity , Dengue/therapy , Pupa/growth & developmentABSTRACT
Desoris (LLL 3348), a lyophilized aqueous extract prepared from the leaves of Argemone mexicana to treat chronic stable plaque-type psoriasis, was evaluated for reproductive (male and female fertility) and developmental toxicity in rats. Lrrp: Wistar rats were administered orally with LLL 3348 at dose levels of 0 (distilled water), 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg b.wt, and the effects on reproductive parameters were assessed. Sperm parameters (motility, epididymal sperm concentration, testicular sperm head count, and sperm morphology), organ weight, and histology of the male reproductive system were evaluated in the male fertility study. Estrus cyclicity, corpora lutea, implantation sites, litter size at birth, fetal growth, development parameters up to weaning, and organ weight and histology of male and female reproductive systems were assessed in the female fertility study. There were no overt signs of toxicity noted in male and female reproduction parameters in rats up to 1000 mg/kg of LLL 3348 administration. There were no alterations in the male reproductive organ/system, sperm parameters, male and female fertility indices, embryonic development, and pre-wean developmental landmarks of pups. No gross and histological changes were observed in these studies. In a develop mental toxicity study, the test article was administered to pregnant females during gestation (5-19 days) and the fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal abnormalities. No toxic manifestation was revealed on caesarian section parameters, and no fetus anomalies/abnormalities were found. Therefore, it is concluded that LLL 3348 at the given dose did not produce any significant toxic effect in rats. The No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for male fertility, female fertility, and developmental toxicity studies was established as 1000 mg/kg in rats.
