ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Endothelium-dependent vasodilation of coronary arterioles is impaired in obese rats and may be improved by a LCD. The aim of this study is to elucidate the mechanism by which this improvement occurs. METHODS: We used four groups of male Zucker rats: lean and obese on either SD or LCD. Coronary arterioles were cannulated and pressurized for diameter measurements during administration of acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside or during flow. Real-time PCR was performed to quantify mRNA expression of CuZnSOD and catalase. RESULTS: The LCD significantly increased endothelium-dependent dilation in the obese rats. l-NAME and indomethacin reduced responses to flow and acetylcholine in the lean rats without any effect on the obese on either diet. In contrast, TEA and catalase blocked flow-dependent and acetylcholine-induced dilation in the obese on either diet, while no effect was observed on the lean. The LCD in the obese significantly up-regulated catalase mRNA expression and slightly increased CuZnSOD mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS: A LCD improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation of coronary arterioles in obese rats through the production of H2 O2 which acts as a hyperpolarizing factor, independent of nitric oxide and PGI2 .
Subject(s)
Coronary Circulation/drug effects , Dietary Carbohydrates/pharmacology , Endothelium, Vascular , Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism , Obesity , Vasodilation/drug effects , Acetylcholine/pharmacology , Animals , Arterioles/metabolism , Arterioles/parasitology , Arterioles/pathology , Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism , Endothelium, Vascular/pathology , Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Male , NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/pharmacology , Nitroprusside/pharmacology , Obesity/diet therapy , Obesity/metabolism , Obesity/pathology , Obesity/physiopathology , Rats , Rats, Zucker , Vasodilator Agents/pharmacologySubject(s)
Hematuria/etiology , Loiasis/diagnosis , Adult , Arterioles/parasitology , Black People , Humans , Kidney Glomerulus/blood supply , Loiasis/complications , Male , SenegalABSTRACT
This is the first case of nonprimary collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) associated with Loa loa filariasis. Loa loa micofilariae were detected on a blood smear after a patient presented with nephrotic syndrome (NS), microhematuria, and renal failure. The renal biopsy showed a collapsing glomerulopathy variant of FSGS. Microfilariae also were identified in renal microvasculature, including the afferent arterioles and the glomerular and peritubular capillaries.
Subject(s)
Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/parasitology , Loiasis/complications , Acute Kidney Injury/parasitology , Animals , Arterioles/parasitology , Capillaries/parasitology , Female , Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/pathology , Hematuria/parasitology , Humans , Kidney/blood supply , Kidney Glomerulus/blood supply , Kidney Glomerulus/parasitology , Kidney Glomerulus/pathology , Kidney Tubules/blood supply , Loa , Loiasis/blood , Microcirculation/parasitology , Middle Aged , Nephrotic Syndrome/parasitologyABSTRACT
For periods of 3, 6, and 12 months, 104 feral rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were on test. At the time of necropsy, 26 had caseous granulomatous lesions in the submucosa of the colon consistent with oesophagostomiasis. Five also had histologically identified granulomatous lesions without caseation of various colonic and more distant arterioles. The lesions were seen in the submucosa and subserosa of the colon, the kidney, the adventitial tissue of the prostate, the pancreas, and the heart. Presumptive evidence of the migration of the parasite was found in the adventitial tissue of the esophagus. Fragments of the larvae in arterioles and the caseous submucosa of the colon were consistent morphologically with the species Oesophagostomum. Acellular masses of what was interpreted as cuticle of a molting parasite were found in the lung. A mature female nematode was found encysted in the lung. The identity of that parasite and the cuticle has not been established.
