ABSTRACT
Arteriogenesis is a main defense mechanism to prevent heart and local tissues dysfunction in occlusive artery disease. TGF-ß and angiostatin have a pivotal role in arteriogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that aerobic training and l-arginine supplementation promotes cardiac and skeletal muscles arteriogenesis after myocardial infarction (MI) parallel to upregulation of TGF-ß and downregulation of angiostatin. For this purpose, 4 weeks after LAD occlusion, 50 male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into five groups: (1) sham surgery without MI (sham, n = 10), (2) control-MI (Con-MI, n = 10), (3) l-arginine-MI (La-MI, n = 10), (4) exercise training-MI (Ex-MI, n = 10), and (5) exercise and l-arginine-MI (Ex + La-MI). Exercise training groups running on a treadmill for 10 weeks with moderate intensity. Rats in the l-arginine-treated groups drank water containing 4 % l-arginine. Arteriolar density with different diameters (11-25, 26-50, 51-75, and 76-150 µm), TGF-ß, and angiostatin gene expression were measured in cardiac (area at risk) and skeletal (soleus and gastrocnemius) muscles. Smaller arterioles decreased in cardiac after MI. Aerobic training and l-arginine increased the number of cardiac arterioles with 11-25 and 26-50 µm diameters parallel to TGF-ß overexpression. In gastrocnemius muscle, the number of arterioles/mm(2) was only increased in the 11 to 25 µm in response to training with and without l-arginine parallel to angiostatin downregulation. Soleus arteriolar density with different size was not different between experimental groups. Results showed that 10 weeks aerobic exercise training and l-arginine supplementation promotes arteriogenesis of heart and gastrocnemius muscles parallel to overexpression of TGF-ß and downregulation of angiostatin in MI rats.
Subject(s)
Arginine/therapeutic use , Coronary Vessels/physiopathology , Dietary Supplements , Muscle, Skeletal/blood supply , Myocardial Infarction/rehabilitation , Neovascularization, Physiologic , Physical Conditioning, Animal , Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/therapeutic use , Angiostatins/antagonists & inhibitors , Angiostatins/genetics , Angiostatins/metabolism , Animals , Arterioles/physiopathology , Arteriolosclerosis/diet therapy , Arteriolosclerosis/physiopathology , Arteriolosclerosis/therapy , Combined Modality Therapy , Gene Expression Regulation , Heart/physiopathology , Hindlimb , Male , Motor Activity , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology , Myocardial Infarction/etiology , Myocardial Infarction/metabolism , Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology , Myocardium/metabolism , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Transforming Growth Factor beta/agonists , Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics , Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolismABSTRACT
The serum total cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in the kori-tofu feeding group than in the soy protein isolate (SPI) group, except on the 28th day of the experiment. The high-molecular-weight fraction (HMF) content of the kori-tofu protein was significantly higher than that of SPI. This difference in the HMF content may have influenced the cholesterol-lowering effect of the protein.
